Vim Notes

vim.md

Moving Around

• hjkl - left, down, up, right
• - - up char
• + - down char
• b - before word
• B - before code word
• w - next word
• W - next code word
• 0 - line start
• ^ - first char
• $ - line end
• e - word end
• E - code word end
• { or } - beginning or end of the paragraph
• ( or ) - beginning or end of the sentence
• % - bounce between parentheses, quotes, and language specific blocks

Go To

• gm - go to middle of line
• g0 - go to line start
• g^ - go to first char
• g$ - got to line end
• ge - previous end of word
• gE - previous end of code word
• gk - go up screen line
• gj - go down screen line

Find on Line

• fx - find next x
• Fx - find previous x
• ; - repeat latest jump forward
• , - repeat latest jump backward

Screen Position

• H - high, top of screen
• L - low, bottom of screen
• M - medium, center of screen
• zt - scroll current line to top of screen
• zz - scroll current line to middle of screen
• zb - scroll current line to bottom of screen

Scrolling

• C-b - scroll full screen before / up
• C-u - scroll half screen up
• C-y - scroll one line up
• C-e - scroll one line down
• C-d - scroll half screen down
• C-f - scroll full screen forward / down

Document Navigation

• 12G or 12gg - jumps to line 12
• gg - jumps to top of the document
• G - jumps to bottom of the document
• g C-g - displays current position in the file
• H - high, jumps to the top of the view
• M - middle, jumps to the middle of the view
• L - low, jumps to the bottom of the view

Marks

• ma - create a mark named 'a', lowercase are file-specific, uppercase are global
• ``a` - jump to the exact line and column
• 'a - jump to beginning of maked line only
• d't - delete to mark t

Vim's Marks

• ``0-9 - the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim
• " and `` - the position of the cursor before the latest jump
• '. and ``.` - Location of the last edit
• :marks - to see a list of marks

Inserting Text

• i - insert text before the cursor
• a - insert text after the cursor
• I - move to first non-blank character of line and insert
• A - append text at the end of the line
• o - open a new line below
• O - open a new line above

Repeating

• . - repeat the last command
• @: - repeat the last executed command

Replacing Text

• r - replace a single character
• R - go to replace mode
• c - change: delete words and switch to insert mode
• cc or C - change the whole line

Deleting

• x - delete a character
• dd or D - delete a line

Copying

• y - yank the current selection
• yy or Y - yank the line
• "ayy - yank line into register a
• "+yy - tank to the system clipboard

Pasting

• "ap - paste from register a
• "" - the unnamed register, contained the last deleted text
• "0p - paster from the zero register - contents of the last yank command
• :registers - shows contents of all registers
• "+ - paste from clipboard

Joining Lines

• J - join the previous line with the current, adds space
• gJ - join previous line without adding space

Text Manipulation

• << - indent left
• >> - indent right
• C-t - indent right from insert mode
• C-d - indent left from insert mode

Selection

• vit - operator extent object
  • operators: change, delete, yank, visual
  • extent: all delimeters, inner object
  • object: word, Word, sentence, paragraphm tag, ", ', [, {
• o - in visual mode, switches which end is being manipulated

Undo / Redo

• u - undoes 1 action
• C-r - redoes 1 action

Search in File

• /query or ?query - search down or up
• n - next match
• N - previous match
• * - next current word
• # - previous current word
• g* - next partial match
• g# - previous partial match

Search & Replace

• :%s/search/replace/gc
  • % - search the current buffer
  • g - global: search all occurrences
  • c - confirm: ask for confirmation on each match
  • i - ignore case
  • I - case-sensitive
  • n - show number of matches
  • p -print matching lines

Visual Mode

• SHF-V - select the whole line
• C- V - visual mode at character

Working with Files

• :pwd - print working directory
• :cd - change working directory
• :set autochdir - automatically use current file directory as working directory
• :e filename - to edit a file
• gf - go to file, open the file that under the cursor

Directory Listings

• i - thin, long, wide, or tree listings
• s - sort on name, time, or file size
• r - reverse sort order
• gh - hide or unhide dotfiles
• <Enter> - open the file or directory
• o - open in a new split
• x - view file with associated application
• d - make directory
• D - delete the file or directory
• R - rename the file or directory
• - - go up a directory

Leader

• \ - custom shortcut key, backslash by default

Splits

• C-w, s - horizontal split
• C-w, v - vertical split

Closing Splits

• C-w, c - close window
• C-w, q - close split
• C-w, o - make current window the only one

Cycling Between Splits

• C-w, C-w - cycle between splits clockwise
• C-w, w - cycle between splits, as above
• C-w, W - cycle between splits, counter clockwise
• C-w, p - previous window
• C-w, t - top left
• C-w, b - bottom right
• C-w, j - switch focus to the downward split, can also use h k l

Move / Rotate Splits

• C-w, J - Move split one down, can also use h k l
• C-w, r - Rotate splits clockwise
• C-w, R - Rotate splits counter-clockwise
• C-w, x - Exchange the current window with the next one
• C-w, T - Moves the current split to a new tab

Split with the X mode

• :q - closes split
• :sp filename - horizontal split
• :vsp filename or :vs filename - vertical split

Tabs

• :tabnew - map to <leader>tt
• :tabedit - map to <leader>te
• :tabclose - map to<leader>tc
• :tabonly - map to <leader>to
• :tabnext - map to <leader>tn
• :tabprevious - map to <leader>tp
• :tabfirst - map to<leader>tf
• :tablast - map to <leader>tl
• :tabmove - map to <leader>tm

Buffers

• :ls - list all buffers
• :b1 - switches to the first buffer, can be a different number
• :bp - switched to the previous buffer
• :bn - next buffer
• :bp - previous buffer
• :bd - delete buffer (close file)
• :bf - first buffer
• :bl - last buffer
• :ba - open a window for evey buffer - All
• C-^ - switch to last buffer

Terminal

• C-z - suspend Vim, %vim to go back
• :! git status - execute external commands from vim

Folds

• zM - fold all
• zc - close fold
• za - toggle fold
• zo - open fold
• zR - open all folds
• zk - move up a fold
• zj - move down a fold

Autocomplete

• C-n - Activate completion, or completion menu for multiple options

Settings

• :set nopaste - turns off auto indentation and bracket matching for pasting
• :set paste - opposite of :set nopaste
• :set copyindent - can also work

Document Wide Changes

• :retab - replace all tabs with spaces in the current buffer
• ggVG= - visually select the entire buffer, format the selection with =
• gq - reflow paragraph to 80 characters wide

Documentation

• :h a<tab> - search and autocomplete help topic
• C-t - jump back
• C-] - open link
• :helptags ~/.vim/doc - import standard plugin docs
• :call pathogen#helptags() - import docs with the pathogen plugin system

MacVim

• brew install macvim - to install from Homebrew
• cp mvim /usr/local/bin - to copy the mvim script to the path

Plugins

• CtrlP
• Surroung
• NerdTree
• LustyExplorer
• NERD Commenter
• Buffer Explorer
• Vim-Snippets
• Snipmate

Tim Pope's Surround Plugin

• cst - change surround tag
• dst - delete surround tag
• Vs - add a tag around text
• :h surround - plugin documentation

ctrlp.vim Plugin

• <F5> - purge the cache for the current directory to get new files
• <c-f> and <c-b> - to cycle between modes
• <c-d> - filename only search instead of full path
• <c-r> - regexp mode
• <c-j> and <c-k> or the arrows - to navigate the results list
• <c-t> or <c-v>, <c-x> - to open the selected entry in tab / split
• <c-n> and <c-p> - to select next / previous string in the prompt history
• <c-y> - create a new file and its parent directories
• <c-z> - to mark / unmark multiple files, <c-o> to open
• .. - summit two or more dots to go up th edirectory tree
• :25 - command to execute it on the opening files, jump to line 25

NERDCommenter

• [count]<leader>cc - |ComComment| Comment out the current line or text selected in visual mode.
• [count]<leader>cn - |ComNestedComment| Same as cc but forces nesting.
• [count]<leader>c - |ComToggleComment| Toggles the comment state of the selected line(s). If the topmost selected line is commented, all selected lines are uncommented and vice versa.
• [count]<leader>cm - |NERDComMinimalComment| Comments the given lines using only one set of multipart delimiters.
• [count]<leader>ci - |NERDComInvertComment| Toggles the comment state of the selected line(s) individually.
• [count]<leader>cs - |NERDComSexyComment| Comments out the selected lines ``sexily''
• [count]<leader>cy- |NERDComYankComment| Same as cc except that the commented line(s) are yanked first.
• <leader>c$ - |NERDComEOLComment| Comments the current line from the cursor to the end of line.
• <leader>cA - |NERDComAppendComment| Adds comment delimiters to the end of line and goes into insert mode between them.
• |NERDComInsertComment| - Adds comment delimiters at the current cursor position and inserts between. Disabled by default.
• <leader>ca - |NERDComAltDelim| Switches to the alternative set of delimiters.
• [count]<leader>cl
• [count]<leader>cb |NERDComAlignedComment| - Same as |NERDComComment| except that the delimiters are aligned down the left side (cl) or both sides (cb).
• [count]<leader>cu |NERDComUncommentLine|- Uncomments the selected line(s).