Benchmarks four interleaved IO pipeline paths end-to-end on 80 local NVMe shards. All paths apply an aspect-ratio filter (1.0–2.0) to images.
| Path | Wall-clock time | Samples/sec | Input samples | Input size | Output rows | Output size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WDS → Parquet | 76.8 s | 88.8 | 6,818 | 9.9 GB | 57,713 rows | 3.84 GB |
| WDS → WDS | 75.4 s | 90.4 | 6,818 | 9.9 GB | 6,818 samples | 4.06 GB |
| PQ → Parquet | 15.7 s | 435.0 | 6,818 | 6.0 GB | 57,713 rows | 3.83 GB |