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Last active August 29, 2015 13:56
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Ideal gas in an energy landscape
Consider N non-interacting point particles with mass m in a volume V.
The volume is divided into three distinct subvolumes V₁, V₂ and V₃ with V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃.
The particles can move freely between the subvolumes.
The Hamiltonian of the system is
H = H₁(𝔯₁, 𝔭₁) + … + Hᵤ(𝔯ᵤ, 𝔭ᵤ) with Hᵢ = 𝔭ᵢ²/2m + U(𝔯ᵢ) (u = N, unicode lacks a subscript N)
where
U(𝔯ᵢ) = U₁ if 𝔯ᵢ ∈ V₁
U₂ if 𝔯ᵢ ∈ V₂
U₃ if 𝔯ᵢ ∈ V₃
with Uⱼ ∈ ℝ for j ∈ {1, 2, 3}.
The system is in contact with a heat reservoir of temperature T.
Let Nⱼ be the average number of particles in subvolume Vⱼ.
Determine the ratio N₁/N₂.
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