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Ideal gas in an energy landscape
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Consider N non-interacting point particles with mass m in a volume V. | |
The volume is divided into three distinct subvolumes V₁, V₂ and V₃ with V = V₁ + V₂ + V₃. | |
The particles can move freely between the subvolumes. | |
The Hamiltonian of the system is | |
H = H₁(𝔯₁, 𝔭₁) + … + Hᵤ(𝔯ᵤ, 𝔭ᵤ) with Hᵢ = 𝔭ᵢ²/2m + U(𝔯ᵢ) (u = N, unicode lacks a subscript N) | |
where | |
U(𝔯ᵢ) = U₁ if 𝔯ᵢ ∈ V₁ | |
U₂ if 𝔯ᵢ ∈ V₂ | |
U₃ if 𝔯ᵢ ∈ V₃ | |
with Uⱼ ∈ ℝ for j ∈ {1, 2, 3}. | |
The system is in contact with a heat reservoir of temperature T. | |
Let Nⱼ be the average number of particles in subvolume Vⱼ. | |
Determine the ratio N₁/N₂. |
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