Compare some details between Ruby and Python

function.py

>>> def hi():
...     def h2():
...             print('h2')
...     h2()
...
>>> hi()
h2
>>> h2()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'h2' is not defined

function.rb

irb(main):006:0> def hi
irb(main):007:1> def h2
irb(main):008:2> puts 'h2'
irb(main):009:2> end
irb(main):010:1> h2
irb(main):011:1> end
=> :hi
irb(main):012:0> hi
h2
=> nil
irb(main):013:0> h2
h2
=> nil

reduce.py

>>> import functools
>>> functools.reduce(lambda x,y: x + y, [1,2,3])
6
>>> functools.reduce(lambda x,y: x + y, [1,2])
3
>>> functools.reduce(lambda x,y: x + y, [1])
1
>>> functools.reduce(lambda x,y: 0, [1])
1
>>> functools.reduce(lambda x,y: 0, [1,2])
0

reduce.rb

irb(main):001:0> [1].reduce(0) {|x| x}
=> 0
irb(main):002:0> [1,2].reduce(0) {|x| x}
=> 0
irb(main):003:0> [1,2].reduce(0) {|x, memo| x + memo}
=> 3
irb(main):004:0> [1,2,3].reduce(0) {|x, memo| x + memo}
=> 6
irb(main):005:0> [1].reduce(0) {|x, memo| x + memo}
=> 1