swift練習

study

#! /usr/bin/env xcrun swift

import Foundation

// 配列を返り値にするときは
//[String]とか[Int]を型としてセットする
func incr (n: Int...) -> (res:Int,init_val:[Int]) {
  var res = 0
  var init_val = n
  for i in n {
    res = res + i
  }
  return (res,init_val)
}
var res = incr(1,2,3)
println(res)

// 一般的なクラス定義
class Human {
  var gender: String
  var age: Int
  var firstName: String
  var lastName: String
  init(firstName: String, lastName: String, gender: String,age: Int) {
    self.firstName = firstName
    self.lastName = lastName
    self.gender = gender
    self.age = age
  }
  func fullName() -> String {
    var fullName = self.firstName + self.lastName
    return fullName
  }
  func call() -> String {
    return ""
  }
}
let person = Human(firstName:"Yuhei",lastName:"Nakasaka",gender:"man",age:24)
println(person.fullName())
println(person.age)
println(person.gender)
println(person.call()) // => ""

// 親のメソッドのオーバーライド
class Japanese: Human {
  override func call() -> String {
    return "こんにちわ"
  }
}

let yuhei = Japanese(firstName:"雄平",lastName:"中坂",gender:"男",age:24)
println(yuhei.fullName())
println(yuhei.age)
println(yuhei.gender)
println(yuhei.call()) // => こんにちわ


// enum(列挙型)はcaseに列挙した値の順に0,1,2,3...の数値を割り当てていく
// 関数も定義できる
enum Te: Int {
  case right,left
}
let x = Te.left.rawValue
println(x) //=> 1

// enumは関数も定義できる
enum Rank: Int {
    case Ace = 1
    case Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten
    case Jack, Queen, King
    func simpleDescription() -> String {
        switch self {
        case .Ace:
            return "ace"
        case .Jack:
            return "jack"
        case .Queen:
            return "queen"
        case .King:
            return "king"
        default:
            return String(self.rawValue)
        }
    }
}
println(Rank.Five.simpleDescription())


// 構造体の値を書き換えるときはmutatingを付けて関数を定義しなければならない
// 一方classではいつでもmutatingなのでmutatingキーワードはいらない
struct Gender {
  var man: Int = 0
  var woman: Int = 1
  mutating func trans() {
    var tmp = self.man
    self.man = self.woman
    self.woman = tmp
  }
}
var g = Gender()
println(g.man)
println(g.woman)
g.trans()
println(g.man)
println(g.woman)

//extensionを使うと構造体にメソッドやpropertyを追加できる
protocol ExampleProtocol {
  var simpleDescription: String {get}
  mutating func double () -> Int
}
extension Int: ExampleProtocol {
  var simpleDescription: String {
    return "The number: \(self)"
  }
  mutating func double() -> Int {
    return self * 2
  }
}
var number = 10
println(10.simpleDescription) //=> The number: 10
println(number.double().simpleDescription) //=> The number: 20


// クラスは参照渡し、構造体は値渡し