Effect of includes and merge to associations

check.rb

# CREATE DATABASE demo CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin;
# USE demo;
# CREATE TABLE articles (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY);
# CREATE TABLE comments (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, article_id BIGINT NOT NULL, status SMALLINT NOT NULL);

require 'active_record'

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  adapter: 'mysql2',
  host: 'localhost',
  username: 'root',
  password: '',
  database: 'demo'
)

class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :comments
end

class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
  scope :published, -> { where(status: 1) }
end

Article.find_or_create_by(id: 1)

Comment.find_or_create_by(id: 1, article_id: 1, status: 1)
Comment.find_or_create_by(id: 2, article_id: 1, status: 0)
Comment.find_or_create_by(id: 3, article_id: 1, status: 1)
Comment.find_or_create_by(id: 4, article_id: 1, status: 0)
Comment.find_or_create_by(id: 5, article_id: 1, status: 1)

articles1 = Article.joins(:comments).includes(:comments).merge(Comment.published)
articles2 = Article.joins(:comments).includes(:comments)

puts articles1.first.comments.map(&:status).inspect #=> [1, 1, 1]
puts articles2.first.comments.map(&:status).inspect #=> [1, 0, 1, 0, 1]