aadishv · February 19, 2025 04:31
diff --git a/periodic.json b/periodic.json
 [{"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": -259.16, "group": 1, "name": "Hydrogen", "density": "0.07099", "poster": "element_001_hydrogen/element_001_hydrogen_srp_th", "symbol": "H", "discoveredby": "Henry Cavendish", "number": 1, "period": 1, "boiling": -252.87, "mass": 1.00784, "english_name": "Hydrogen", "fun_fact": "Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, making up about 75% of its mass.", "model": "element_001_hydrogen", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MMqwTKqsMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIgDWEpTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 1, "discovery": "1766", "appearance": "colorless gas", "atomic_mass": 1.008, "boil": 20.271, "category": "diatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Henry Cavendish", "melt": 13.99, "molar_heat": 28.836, "named_by": "Antoine Lavoisier", "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_001_hydrogen/element_001_hydrogen_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_001_hydrogen/element_001_hydrogen.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_Spectra.jpg", "summary": "Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.", "xpos": 1, "ypos": 1, "wxpos": 1, "wypos": 1, "shells": [1], "electron_configuration": "1s1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "1s1", "electron_affinity": 72.769, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.2, "ionization_energies": [1312], "cpk-hex": "ffffff", "image": {"title": "Vial of glowing ultrapure hydrogen, H2. Original size in cm: 1 x 5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Hydrogenglow.jpg", "attribution": "User:Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hydrogen.php"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Noble Gas", "melting": -272.2, "group": 18, "name": "Helium", "density": " 0.145", "poster": "element_002_helium/element_002_helium_srp_th", "symbol": "He", "discoveredby": "William Ramsay, Norman Lockyer, Per Teodor Cleve, Pierre Janssen", "number": 2, "period": 1, "boiling": -268.93, "mass": 4.002602, "english_name": "Helium", "fun_fact": "Helium was discovered on the sun before it was found on the earth.", "model": "element_002_helium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjG3NBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAK_xnuhTAAAA", "type": "Noble Gas", "line": 1, "discovery": "1868", "appearance": "colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field", "atomic_mass": 4.0026022, "boil": 4.222, "category": "noble gas", "discovered_by": "Pierre Janssen", "melt": 0.95, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_002_helium/element_002_helium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_002_helium/element_002_helium.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helium_spectrum.jpg", "summary": "Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements.", "xpos": 18, "ypos": 1, "wxpos": 32, "wypos": 1, "shells": [2], "electron_configuration": "1s2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "1s2", "electron_affinity": -48, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [2372.3, 5250.5], "cpk-hex": "d9ffff", "image": {"title": "Vial of glowing ultrapure helium. Original size in cm: 1 x 5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Helium-glow.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/helium.php"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Alkali Metal", "melting": 180.54, "group": 1, "name": "Lithium", "density": "0.512", "poster": "element_003_lithium/element_003_lithium_srp_th", "symbol": "Li", "discoveredby": "Johan August Arfwedson", "number": 3, "period": 2, "boiling": 1342, "mass": 6.941, "english_name": "Lithium", "fun_fact": "Although it is a metal, Lithium it is soft enough to cut with a knife.", "model": "element_003_lithium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItqiqsMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAFEA5T1TAAAA", "type": "Alkali Metal", "line": 2, "discovery": "1817", "appearance": "silvery-white", "atomic_mass": 6.94, "boil": 1603, "category": "alkali metal", "discovered_by": "Johan August Arfwedson", "melt": 453.65, "molar_heat": 24.86, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_003_lithium/element_003_lithium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_003_lithium/element_003_lithium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Lithium (from Greek:\u03bb\u03af\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 lithos, \"stone\") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.", "xpos": 1, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 1, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s1", "electron_affinity": 59.6326, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.98, "ionization_energies": [520.2, 7298.1, 11815], "cpk-hex": "cc80ff", "image": {"title": "0.5 Grams Lithium under Argon. Original size of the largest piece in cm: 0.3 x 4", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/0.5_grams_lithium_under_argon.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lithium.php"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "melting": 1287, "group": 2, "name": "Beryllium", "density": "1.690", "poster": "element_004_beryllium/element_004_beryllium_srp_th", "symbol": "Be", "discoveredby": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "number": 4, "period": 2, "boiling": 2469, "mass": 9.012182, "english_name": "Beryllium", "fun_fact": "Beryllium is a component of several dental alloys.", "model": "element_004_beryllium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLjSvMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOBHw5pTAAAA", "type": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "line": 2, "discovery": "1797", "appearance": "white-gray metallic", "atomic_mass": 9.01218315, "boil": 2742, "category": "alkaline earth metal", "discovered_by": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin", "melt": 1560, "molar_heat": 16.443, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_004_beryllium/element_004_beryllium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_004_beryllium/element_004_beryllium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals.", "xpos": 2, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 2, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s2", "electron_affinity": -48, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.57, "ionization_energies": [899.5, 1757.1, 14848.7, 21006.6], "cpk-hex": "c2ff00", "image": {"title": "Pure Beryllium bead, 2.5 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 1.5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Beryllium_%28Be%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/beryllium.php"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Metalloid", "melting": 2076, "group": 13, "name": "Boron", "density": "2.08", "poster": "element_005_boron/element_005_boron_srp_th", "symbol": "B", "discoveredby": "Humphry Davy, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Louis Jacques Th\u00e9nard", "number": 5, "period": 2, "boiling": 4000.0, "mass": 10.811, "english_name": "Boron", "fun_fact": "Boron is an essential plant nutrient, required primarily for maintaining the integrity of cell walls.", "model": "element_005_boron", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLstJNhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAKQreB1TAAAA", "type": "Metalloid", "line": 2, "discovery": "1808", "appearance": "black-brown", "atomic_mass": 10.81, "boil": 4200, "category": "metalloid", "discovered_by": "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac", "melt": 2349, "molar_heat": 11.087, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_005_boron/element_005_boron_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_005_boron/element_005_boron.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Boron is a metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the Solar system and the Earth's crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals.", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 27, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 3], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s2 2p1", "electron_affinity": 26.989, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.04, "ionization_energies": [800.6, 2427.1, 3659.7, 25025.8, 32826.7], "cpk-hex": "ffb5b5", "image": {"title": "Pure Crystalline Boron, front and back side. Original size in cm: 2 x 3", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Boron.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/boron.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": 3550, "group": 14, "name": "Carbon", "density": "diamond: 3.515", "poster": "element_006_carbon/element_006_carbon_srp_th", "symbol": "C", "discoveredby": "Antoine Lavoisier", "number": 6, "period": 2, "boiling": "", "mass": 12.0107, "english_name": "Carbon", "fun_fact": "Carbon is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass (about 18.5%) after oxygen.", "model": "element_006_carbon", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItSUvPNRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAKXP9WdTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 2, "discovery": "", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 12.011, "boil": null, "category": "polyatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Ancient Egypt", "melt": null, "molar_heat": 8.517, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_006_carbon/element_006_carbon_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_006_carbon/element_006_carbon.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carbon_Spectra.jpg", "summary": "Carbon (from Latin:carbo \"coal\") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent\u2014making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 28, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 4], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s2 2p2", "electron_affinity": 121.7763, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.55, "ionization_energies": [1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5, 6222.7, 37831, 47277], "cpk-hex": "909090", "image": {"title": "Element 6 - Carbon", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Pure_Carbon.png", "attribution": "Texas Lane, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": -210.01, "group": 15, "name": "Nitrogen", "density": "0.808", "poster": "element_007_nitrogen/element_007_nitrogen_srp_th", "symbol": "N", "discoveredby": "Daniel Rutherford", "number": 7, "period": 2, "boiling": -195.79, "mass": 14.0067, "english_name": "Nitrogen", "fun_fact": "Liquid nitrogen is used in molecular gastronomy to make ultra-smooth ice cream.", "model": "element_007_nitrogen", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNslJMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAK5NUAFTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 2, "discovery": "1772", "appearance": "colorless gas, liquid or solid", "atomic_mass": 14.007, "boil": 77.355, "category": "diatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Daniel Rutherford", "melt": 63.15, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": "Jean-Antoine Chaptal", "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_007_nitrogen/element_007_nitrogen_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_007_nitrogen/element_007_nitrogen.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg", "summary": "Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 29, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 5], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s2 2p3", "electron_affinity": -6.8, "electronegativity_pauling": 3.04, "ionization_energies": [1402.3, 2856, 4578.1, 7475, 9444.9, 53266.6, 64360], "cpk-hex": "3050f8", "image": {"title": "Vial of Glowing Ultrapure Nitrogen, N2. Original size in cm: 1 x 5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nitrogen-glow.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/nitrogen.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": -218.79, "group": 16, "name": "Oxygen", "density": "1.141", "poster": "element_008_oxygen/element_008_oxygen_srp_th", "symbol": "O", "discoveredby": "Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "number": 8, "period": 2, "boiling": -182.962, "mass": 15.999, "english_name": "Oxygen", "fun_fact": "As a gas, oxygen is clear. As a liquid, it's pale blue.", "model": "element_008_oxygen", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNktKMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAMxH7PNTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 2, "discovery": "1774", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 15.999, "boil": 90.188, "category": "diatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "melt": 54.36, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": "Antoine Lavoisier", "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_008_oxygen/element_008_oxygen_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_008_oxygen/element_008_oxygen.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oxygen_spectre.jpg", "summary": "Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 30, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 6], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s2 2p4", "electron_affinity": 140.976, "electronegativity_pauling": 3.44, "ionization_energies": [1313.9, 3388.3, 5300.5, 7469.2, 10989.5, 13326.5, 71330, 84078], "cpk-hex": "ff0d0d", "image": {"title": "Liquid Oxygen in a Beaker", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_%28cropped_and_retouched%29.jpg", "attribution": "Staff Sgt. Nika Glover, U.S. Air Force, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": -219.62, "group": 17, "name": "Fluorine", "density": "", "poster": "element_009_fluorine/element_009_fluorine_srp_th", "symbol": "F", "discoveredby": "Henri Moissan", "number": 9, "period": 2, "boiling": -188.11, "mass": 18.9984032, "english_name": "Fluorine", "fun_fact": "Initial studies on fluorine were so dangerous that several 19th-century experimenters were deemed \"fluorine martyrs\" after misfortunes with hydrofluoric acid.", "model": "element_009_fluorine", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKkw2NhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAGBllABTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 2, "discovery": "1886", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 18.9984031636, "boil": 85.03, "category": "diatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Andr\u00e9-Marie Amp\u00e8re", "melt": 53.48, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": "Humphry Davy", "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_009_fluorine/element_009_fluorine_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_009_fluorine/element_009_fluorine.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 31, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 7], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s2 2p5", "electron_affinity": 328.1649, "electronegativity_pauling": 3.98, "ionization_energies": [1681, 3374.2, 6050.4, 8407.7, 11022.7, 15164.1, 17868, 92038.1, 106434.3], "cpk-hex": "90e050", "image": {"title": "Liquid Fluorine at -196\u00b0C", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Fluoro_liquido_a_-196%C2%B0C_1.jpg", "attribution": "Fulvio314, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Noble Gas", "melting": -248.59, "group": 18, "name": "Neon", "density": "", "poster": "element_010_neon/element_010_neon_srp_th", "symbol": "Ne", "discoveredby": "William Ramsay, Morris Travers", "number": 10, "period": 2, "boiling": -246.046, "mass": 20.1797, "english_name": "Neon", "fun_fact": "Neon is abundant on a universal scale; it is the fifth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon.", "model": "element_010_neon", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNikyMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIJr-CJTAAAA", "type": "Noble Gas", "line": 2, "discovery": "1898", "appearance": "colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field", "atomic_mass": 20.17976, "boil": 27.104, "category": "noble gas", "discovered_by": "Morris Travers", "melt": 24.56, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_010_neon/element_010_neon_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_010_neon/element_010_neon.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neon_spectra.jpg", "summary": "Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air.", "xpos": 18, "ypos": 2, "wxpos": 32, "wypos": 2, "shells": [2, 8], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[He] 2s2 2p6", "electron_affinity": -116, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [2080.7, 3952.3, 6122, 9371, 12177, 15238, 19999, 23069.5, 115379.5, 131432], "cpk-hex": "b3e3f5", "image": {"title": "Vial of Glowing Ultrapure neon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Neon-glow.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/neon.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Alkali Metal", "melting": 97.794, "group": 1, "name": "Sodium", "density": "0.927", "poster": "element_011_sodium/element_011_sodium_srp_th", "symbol": "Na", "discoveredby": "Humphry Davy", "number": 11, "period": 3, "boiling": 882.85, "mass": 22.98976928, "english_name": "Sodium", "fun_fact": "The most common sodium compound is sodium chloride - table salt.", "model": "element_011_sodium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTjOINxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAJNJ7pZTAAAA", "type": "Alkali Metal", "line": 3, "discovery": "1807", "appearance": "silvery white metallic", "atomic_mass": 22.989769282, "boil": 1156.09, "category": "alkali metal", "discovered_by": "Humphry Davy", "melt": 370.944, "molar_heat": 28.23, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_011_sodium/element_011_sodium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_011_sodium/element_011_sodium.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_Spectra.jpg", "summary": "Sodium /\u02c8so\u028adi\u0259m/ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Ancient Greek \u039d\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic table it is in column 1 (alkali metals), and shares with the other six elements in that column that it has a single electron in its outer shell, which it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom - a cation.", "xpos": 1, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 1, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s1", "electron_affinity": 52.867, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.93, "ionization_energies": [495.8, 4562, 6910.3, 9543, 13354, 16613, 20117, 25496, 28932, 141362, 159076], "cpk-hex": "ab5cf2", "image": {"title": "Na (Sodium) Metal", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Na_%28Sodium%29.jpg", "attribution": "The original uploader was Dnn87 at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "melting": 650, "group": 2, "name": "Magnesium", "density": "1.584", "poster": "element_012_magnesium/element_012_magnesium_srp_th", "symbol": "Mg", "discoveredby": "Humphry Davy, Joseph Black", "number": 12, "period": 3, "boiling": 1091, "mass": 24.305, "english_name": "Magnesium", "fun_fact": "The top producers of magnesium by the second decade of the 21st century included China, Russia and Turkey.", "model": "element_012_magnesium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNig2MBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAAIDElJTAAAA", "type": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "line": 3, "discovery": "1755", "appearance": "shiny grey solid", "atomic_mass": 24.305, "boil": 1363, "category": "alkaline earth metal", "discovered_by": "Joseph Black", "melt": 923, "molar_heat": 24.869, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_012_magnesium/element_012_magnesium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_012_magnesium/element_012_magnesium.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magnesium_Spectra.jpg", "summary": "Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.", "xpos": 2, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 2, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s2", "electron_affinity": -40, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.31, "ionization_energies": [737.7, 1450.7, 7732.7, 10542.5, 13630, 18020, 21711, 25661, 31653, 35458, 169988, 189368], "cpk-hex": "8aff00", "image": {"title": "Magnesium crystals", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Magnesium_crystals.jpg", "attribution": "Warut Roonguthai, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 660.32, "group": 13, "name": "Aluminium", "density": "2.375", "poster": "element_013_aluminum/element_013_aluminum_srp_th", "symbol": "Al", "discoveredby": "Hans Christian \u00d8rsted", "number": 13, "period": 3, "boiling": 2470, "mass": 26.9815386, "english_name": "Aluminium", "fun_fact": "Despite its widespread occurrence in the Earth's crust, aluminium has no known function in biology.", "model": "element_013_aluminum", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIvyzIqMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAGgL0RFTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 3, "discovery": "1825", "appearance": "silvery gray metallic", "atomic_mass": 26.98153857, "boil": 2743, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": null, "melt": 933.47, "molar_heat": 24.2, "named_by": "Humphry Davy", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_013_aluminum/element_013_aluminum_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_013_aluminum/element_013_aluminum.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 27, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 3], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s2 3p1", "electron_affinity": 41.762, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.61, "ionization_energies": [577.5, 1816.7, 2744.8, 11577, 14842, 18379, 23326, 27465, 31853, 38473, 42647, 201266, 222316], "cpk-hex": "bfa6a6", "image": {"title": "Pure aluminium foil. Original size in cm: 5 x 5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Aluminium.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/aluminium.php "}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Metalloid", "melting": 1410, "group": 14, "name": "Silicon", "density": "2.57", "poster": "element_014_silicon/element_014_silicon_srp_th", "symbol": "Si", "discoveredby": "Antoine Lavoisier, J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius", "number": 14, "period": 3, "boiling": 2355, "mass": 28.0855, "english_name": "Silicon", "fun_fact": " Santa Clara Valley in California acquired the nickname Silicon Valley, as the element is the base material in the semiconductor industry there.", "model": "element_014_silicon", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTrMwMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKABHLX8NTAAAA", "type": "Metalloid", "line": 3, "discovery": "1823", "appearance": "crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces", "atomic_mass": 28.085, "boil": 3538, "category": "metalloid", "discovered_by": "J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius", "melt": 1687, "molar_heat": 19.789, "named_by": "Thomas Thomson (chemist)", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_014_silicon/element_014_silicon_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_014_silicon/element_014_silicon.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silicon_Spectra.jpg", "summary": "Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 28, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 4], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s2 3p2", "electron_affinity": 134.0684, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.9, "ionization_energies": [786.5, 1577.1, 3231.6, 4355.5, 16091, 19805, 23780, 29287, 33878, 38726, 45962, 50502, 235196, 257923], "cpk-hex": "f0c8a0", "image": {"title": "Chunk of Ultrapure Silicon, 2 x 2 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Silicon.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/silicon.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": 44.1, "group": 15, "name": "Phosphorus", "density": "", "poster": "element_015_phosphorus/element_015_phosphorus_srp_th", "symbol": "P", "discoveredby": "Hennig Brand", "number": 15, "period": 3, "boiling": 280.5, "mass": 30.973762, "english_name": "Phosphorus", "fun_fact": "Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. ", "model": "element_015_phosphorus", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNq8wMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAHWIZSVTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 3, "discovery": "1669", "appearance": "colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black", "atomic_mass": 30.9737619985, "boil": null, "category": "polyatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Hennig Brand", "melt": null, "molar_heat": 23.824, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_015_phosphorus/element_015_phosphorus_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_015_phosphorus/element_015_phosphorus.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms\u2014white phosphorus and red phosphorus\u2014but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 29, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 5], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s2 3p3", "electron_affinity": 72.037, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.19, "ionization_energies": [1011.8, 1907, 2914.1, 4963.6, 6273.9, 21267, 25431, 29872, 35905, 40950, 46261, 54110, 59024, 271791, 296195], "cpk-hex": "ff8000", "image": {"title": "Purple Phosphorus", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Phosphorus-purple.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/phosphorus.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": 112.8, "group": 16, "name": "Sulfur", "density": "1.819", "poster": "element_016_sulfur/element_016_sulfur_srp_th", "symbol": "S", "discoveredby": "", "number": 16, "period": 3, "boiling": 444.6, "mass": 32.065, "english_name": "Sulfur", "fun_fact": "According to the Ebers Papyrus, a sulfur ointment was used in ancient Egypt to treat granular eyelids.", "model": "element_016_sulfur", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTrMsNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAB2PB19TAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 3, "discovery": "", "appearance": "lemon yellow sintered microcrystals", "atomic_mass": 32.06, "boil": 717.8, "category": "polyatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Ancient china", "melt": 388.36, "molar_heat": 22.75, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_016_sulfur/element_016_sulfur_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_016_sulfur/element_016_sulfur.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur_Spectrum.jpg", "summary": "Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 30, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 6], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s2 3p4", "electron_affinity": 200.4101, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.58, "ionization_energies": [999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3, 8495.8, 27107, 31719, 36621, 43177, 48710, 54460, 62930, 68216, 311048, 337138], "cpk-hex": "ffff30", "image": {"title": "Native Sulfur From Russia", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Native_sulfur_%28Vodinskoe_Deposit%3B_quarry_near_Samara%2C_Russia%29_9.jpg", "attribution": "James St. John, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": -101.5, "group": 17, "name": "Chlorine", "density": "", "poster": "element_017_chlorine/element_017_chlorine_srp_th", "symbol": "Cl", "discoveredby": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "number": 17, "period": 3, "boiling": -34.04, "mass": 35.453, "english_name": "Chlorine", "fun_fact": "Chlorine gas, also known as bertholite, was first used as a weapon in World War I. As described by the soldiers, it had the distinctive smell of a mixture of pepper and pineapple. ", "model": "element_017_chlorine", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS4sMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAB9Rt-pTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 3, "discovery": "1774", "appearance": "pale yellow-green gas", "atomic_mass": 35.45, "boil": 239.11, "category": "diatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "melt": 171.6, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_017_chlorine/element_017_chlorine_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_017_chlorine/element_017_chlorine.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png", "summary": "Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It also has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. Chlorine is in the halogen group (17) and is the second lightest halogen following fluorine.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 31, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 7], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s2 3p5", "electron_affinity": 348.575, "electronegativity_pauling": 3.16, "ionization_energies": [1251.2, 2298, 3822, 5158.6, 6542, 9362, 11018, 33604, 38600, 43961, 51068, 57119, 63363, 72341, 78095, 352994, 380760], "cpk-hex": "1ff01f", "image": {"title": "A Sample of Chlorine", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Chlorine-sample-flip.jpg", "attribution": "Benjah-bmm27, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Noble Gas", "melting": -189.35, "group": 18, "name": "Argon", "density": "1.3954", "poster": "element_018_argon/element_018_argon_srp_th", "symbol": "Ar", "discoveredby": "John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, William Ramsay", "number": 18, "period": 3, "boiling": -185.85, "mass": 39.948, "english_name": "Argon", "fun_fact": "Air is the primary industrial source of purified argon products.", "model": "element_018_argon", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIvskxJMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKADdMMS5TAAAA", "type": "Noble Gas", "line": 3, "discovery": "1894", "appearance": "colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in a high voltage electric field", "atomic_mass": 39.9481, "boil": 87.302, "category": "noble gas", "discovered_by": "Lord Rayleigh", "melt": 83.81, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_018_argon/element_018_argon_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_018_argon/element_018_argon.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Argon_Spectrum.png", "summary": "Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,340 ppmv), making it over twice as abundant as the next most common atmospheric gas, water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), and 23 times as abundant as the next most common non-condensing atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon (18 ppmv).", "xpos": 18, "ypos": 3, "wxpos": 32, "wypos": 3, "shells": [2, 8, 8], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ne] 3s2 3p6", "electron_affinity": -96, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [1520.6, 2665.8, 3931, 5771, 7238, 8781, 11995, 13842, 40760, 46186, 52002, 59653, 66199, 72918, 82473, 88576, 397605, 427066], "cpk-hex": "80d1e3", "image": {"title": "Vial of glowing ultrapure argon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Argon-glow.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/argon.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Alkali Metal", "melting": 63.5, "group": 1, "name": "Potassium", "density": "0.828", "poster": "element_019_potassium/element_019_potassium_srp_th", "symbol": "K", "discoveredby": "Humphry Davy", "number": 19, "period": 4, "boiling": 758.85, "mass": 39.0983, "english_name": "Potassium", "fun_fact": "Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis..", "model": "element_019_potassium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNs8yMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAJoJLL1TAAAA", "type": "Alkali Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1807", "appearance": "silvery gray", "atomic_mass": 39.09831, "boil": 1032, "category": "alkali metal", "discovered_by": "Humphry Davy", "melt": 336.7, "molar_heat": 29.6, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_019_potassium/element_019_potassium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_019_potassium/element_019_potassium.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium_Spectrum.jpg", "summary": "Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Periodic table, potassium is one of seven elements in column (group) 1 (alkali metals):they all have a single valence electron in their outer electron shell, which they readily give up to create an atom with a positive charge - a cation, and combine with anions to form salts.", "xpos": 1, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 1, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 8, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 4s1", "electron_affinity": 48.383, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.82, "ionization_energies": [418.8, 3052, 4420, 5877, 7975, 9590, 11343, 14944, 16963.7, 48610, 54490, 60730, 68950, 75900, 83080, 93400, 99710, 444880, 476063], "cpk-hex": "8f40d4", "image": {"title": "Potassium Pieces", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Potassium.JPG", "attribution": "Dnn87, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "melting": 842, "group": 2, "name": "Calcium", "density": "1.378", "poster": "element_020_calcium/element_020_calcium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ca", "discoveredby": "Humphry Davy", "number": 20, "period": 4, "boiling": 1483.85, "mass": 40.078, "english_name": "Calcium", "fun_fact": "Calcium is the main component of teeth and bones.", "model": "element_020_calcium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS6sNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOZdZRFTAAAA", "type": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1808", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 40.0784, "boil": 1757, "category": "alkaline earth metal", "discovered_by": "Humphry Davy", "melt": 1115, "molar_heat": 25.929, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_020_calcium/element_020_calcium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_020_calcium/element_020_calcium.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium_Spectrum.png", "summary": "Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth-most-abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate.", "xpos": 2, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 2, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 4s2", "electron_affinity": 2.37, "electronegativity_pauling": 1, "ionization_energies": [589.8, 1145.4, 4912.4, 6491, 8153, 10496, 12270, 14206, 18191, 20385, 57110, 63410, 70110, 78890, 86310, 94000, 104900, 111711, 494850, 527762], "cpk-hex": "3dff00", "image": {"title": "Calcium Grains, grain size about 1 mm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Calcium.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/calcium.php"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1540.85, "group": 3, "name": "Scandium", "density": "2.80", "poster": "element_021_scandium/element_021_scandium_srp_th", "symbol": "Sc", "discoveredby": "Per Teodor Cleve, Lars Fredrik Nilson", "number": 21, "period": 4, "boiling": 2835.85, "mass": 44.955912, "english_name": "Scandium", "fun_fact": "Scandium is more abundant on the moon and the sun than on Earth.", "model": "element_021_scandium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTrMwNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAHnNPiNTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1879", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 44.9559085, "boil": 3109, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Lars Fredrik Nilson", "melt": 1814, "molar_heat": 25.52, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_021_scandium/element_021_scandium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_021_scandium/element_021_scandium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.", "xpos": 3, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 17, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d1 4s2", "electron_affinity": 18, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.36, "ionization_energies": [633.1, 1235, 2388.6, 7090.6, 8843, 10679, 13310, 15250, 17370, 21726, 24102, 66320, 73010, 80160, 89490, 97400, 105600, 117000, 124270, 547530, 582163], "cpk-hex": "e6e6e6", "image": {"title": "Crystal of Scandium. About 1g", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Scandium%2C_Sc.jpg", "attribution": "JanDerChemiker, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1668, "group": 4, "name": "Titanium", "density": "4.11", "poster": "element_022_titanium/element_022_titanium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ti", "discoveredby": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth, William Gregor", "number": 22, "period": 4, "boiling": 3286.85, "mass": 47.867, "english_name": "Titanium", "fun_fact": "Titanium is a corrosion resistant element, even from water and chlorine.", "model": "element_022_titanium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjY1MxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAHzpxA9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1791", "appearance": "silvery grey-white metallic", "atomic_mass": 47.8671, "boil": 3560, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "William Gregor", "melt": 1941, "molar_heat": 25.06, "named_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_022_titanium/element_022_titanium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_022_titanium/element_022_titanium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.", "xpos": 4, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 18, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 10, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d2 4s2", "electron_affinity": 7.289, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.54, "ionization_energies": [658.8, 1309.8, 2652.5, 4174.6, 9581, 11533, 13590, 16440, 18530, 20833, 25575, 28125, 76015, 83280, 90880, 100700, 109100, 117800, 129900, 137530, 602930, 639294], "cpk-hex": "bfc2c7", "image": {"title": "Titanium Crystal made with the van Arkel-de Booer Process. 87 grams, Original size in cm: 2.5 x 4", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Titanium.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/titanium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1910, "group": 5, "name": "Vanadium", "density": "5.5", "poster": "element_023_vanadium/element_023_vanadium_srp_th", "symbol": "V", "discoveredby": "Andr\u00e9s Manuel del R\u00edo", "number": 23, "period": 4, "boiling": 3407, "mass": 50.9415, "english_name": "Vanadium", "fun_fact": "Vanadium is harder than most metals and steels.", "model": "element_023_vanadium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzksvNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIQNoelTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1801", "appearance": "blue-silver-grey metal", "atomic_mass": 50.94151, "boil": 3680, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Andr\u00e9s Manuel del R\u00edo", "melt": 2183, "molar_heat": 24.89, "named_by": "Isotopes of vanadium", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_023_vanadium/element_023_vanadium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_023_vanadium/element_023_vanadium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.", "xpos": 5, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 19, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 11, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d3 4s2", "electron_affinity": 50.911, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.63, "ionization_energies": [650.9, 1414, 2830, 4507, 6298.7, 12363, 14530, 16730, 19860, 22240, 24670, 29730, 32446, 86450, 94170, 102300, 112700, 121600, 130700, 143400, 151440, 661050, 699144], "cpk-hex": "a6a6ab", "image": {"title": "Pieces of Pure Vanadium with Oxide Layer", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Vanadium-pieces.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/vanadium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1907, "group": 6, "name": "Chromium", "density": "6.3", "poster": "element_024_chromium/element_024_chromium_srp_th", "symbol": "Cr", "discoveredby": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "number": 24, "period": 4, "boiling": 2671.85, "mass": 51.9961, "english_name": "Chromium", "fun_fact": "Chromium is extremely hard, and is the third hardest element behind carbon (diamond) and boron.", "model": "element_024_chromium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS4yMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAEh5Q-RTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1797", "appearance": "silvery metallic", "atomic_mass": 51.99616, "boil": 2944, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin", "melt": 2180, "molar_heat": 23.35, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_024_chromium/element_024_chromium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_024_chromium/element_024_chromium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point.", "xpos": 6, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 20, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 13, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d5 4s1", "electron_affinity": 65.21, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.66, "ionization_energies": [652.9, 1590.6, 2987, 4743, 6702, 8744.9, 15455, 17820, 20190, 23580, 26130, 28750, 34230, 37066, 97510, 105800, 114300, 125300, 134700, 144300, 157700, 166090, 721870, 761733], "cpk-hex": "8a99c7", "image": {"title": "Piece of Chromium Metal", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Chromium.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/chromium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1246, "group": 7, "name": "Manganese", "density": "5.95", "poster": "element_025_manganese/element_025_manganese_srp_th", "symbol": "Mn", "discoveredby": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Johan Gottlieb Gahn, Ignatius Gottfried Kaim", "number": 25, "period": 4, "boiling": 2061, "mass": 54.938044, "english_name": "Manganese", "fun_fact": "Manganese makes an essential element for photosynthesis. There would be no free oxygen on earth without it.", "model": "element_025_manganese", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNqgqMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOAyCLtTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1774", "appearance": "silvery metallic", "atomic_mass": 54.9380443, "boil": 2334, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Torbern Olof Bergman", "melt": 1519, "molar_heat": 26.32, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_025_manganese/element_025_manganese_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_025_manganese/element_025_manganese.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.", "xpos": 7, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 21, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 13, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d5 4s2", "electron_affinity": -50, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.55, "ionization_energies": [717.3, 1509, 3248, 4940, 6990, 9220, 11500, 18770, 21400, 23960, 27590, 30330, 33150, 38880, 41987, 109480, 118100, 127100, 138600, 148500, 158600, 172500, 181380, 785450, 827067], "cpk-hex": "9c7ac7", "image": {"title": "Two Oieces of Manganese Metal", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Manganese_element.jpg", "attribution": "W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1538, "group": 8, "name": "Iron", "density": "6.98", "poster": "element_026_iron/element_026_iron_srp_th", "symbol": "Fe", "discoveredby": "", "number": 26, "period": 4, "boiling": 2862, "mass": 55.845, "english_name": "Iron", "fun_fact": "Blood is red because of the interaction between iron and oxygen.", "model": "element_026_iron", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKje0NBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKALi1up9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "", "appearance": "lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge", "atomic_mass": 55.8452, "boil": 3134, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "5000 BC", "melt": 1811, "molar_heat": 25.1, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_026_iron/element_026_iron_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_026_iron/element_026_iron.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_Spectrum.jpg", "summary": "Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.", "xpos": 8, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 22, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 14, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d6 4s2", "electron_affinity": 14.785, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.83, "ionization_energies": [762.5, 1561.9, 2957, 5290, 7240, 9560, 12060, 14580, 22540, 25290, 28000, 31920, 34830, 37840, 44100, 47206, 122200, 131000, 140500, 152600, 163000, 173600, 188100, 195200, 851800, 895161], "cpk-hex": "e06633", "image": {"title": "Fragments of an iron meteorite, about 92% iron. Original size of the single pieces in cm: 0.4 - 0.8", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/iron-2.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/iron.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1495, "group": 9, "name": "Cobalt", "density": "8.86", "poster": "element_027_cobalt/element_027_cobalt_srp_th", "symbol": "Co", "discoveredby": "Georg Brandt", "number": 27, "period": 4, "boiling": 2869.85, "mass": 58.933195, "english_name": "Cobalt", "fun_fact": "Alloys of cobalt are used in jet turbines.", "model": "element_027_cobalt", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS5KMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAGt5Gy9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1735", "appearance": "hard lustrous gray metal", "atomic_mass": 58.9331944, "boil": 3200, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Georg Brandt", "melt": 1768, "molar_heat": 24.81, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_027_cobalt/element_027_cobalt_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_027_cobalt/element_027_cobalt.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.", "xpos": 9, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 23, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 15, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d7 4s2", "electron_affinity": 63.898, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.88, "ionization_energies": [760.4, 1648, 3232, 4950, 7670, 9840, 12440, 15230, 17959, 26570, 29400, 32400, 36600, 39700, 42800, 49396, 52737, 134810, 145170, 154700, 167400, 178100, 189300, 204500, 214100, 920870, 966023], "cpk-hex": "f090a0", "image": {"title": "Fractions from a cobalt, 7 and 4 grams. Original size in cm: 2 x 2", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Cobalt_ore_2.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cobalt.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1455, "group": 10, "name": "Nickel", "density": "7.81", "poster": "element_028_nickel/element_028_nickel_srp_th", "symbol": "Ni", "discoveredby": "Axel Fredrik Cronstedt", "number": 28, "period": 4, "boiling": 2730, "mass": 58.6934, "english_name": "Nickel", "fun_fact": "Nickel resists corrosion even at high temperatures.", "model": "element_028_nickel", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNikyNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOptmcJTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1751", "appearance": "lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge", "atomic_mass": 58.69344, "boil": 3003, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Axel Fredrik Cronstedt", "melt": 1728, "molar_heat": 26.07, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_028_nickel/element_028_nickel_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_028_nickel/element_028_nickel.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.", "xpos": 10, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 24, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 16, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d8 4s2", "electron_affinity": 111.65, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.91, "ionization_energies": [737.1, 1753, 3395, 5300, 7339, 10400, 12800, 15600, 18600, 21670, 30970, 34000, 37100, 41500, 44800, 48100, 55101, 58570, 148700, 159000, 169400, 182700, 194000, 205600, 221400, 231490, 992718, 1039668], "cpk-hex": "50d050", "image": {"title": "Nickel Chunk", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Nickel_chunk.jpg", "attribution": "Materialscientist at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1084.62, "group": 11, "name": "Copper", "density": "8.02", "poster": "element_029_copper/element_029_copper_srp_th", "symbol": "Cu", "discoveredby": "", "number": 29, "period": 4, "boiling": 2562, "mass": 63.546, "english_name": "Copper", "fun_fact": "Copper was one of the first metal to be worked by man, along with gold and meteoritic iron.", "model": "element_029_copper", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKk7LNhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAPr8_ttTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "-8999", "appearance": "red-orange metallic luster", "atomic_mass": 63.5463, "boil": 2835, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Middle East", "melt": 1357.77, "molar_heat": 24.44, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_029_copper/element_029_copper_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_029_copper/element_029_copper.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.", "xpos": 11, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 25, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s1", "electron_affinity": 119.235, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.9, "ionization_energies": [745.5, 1957.9, 3555, 5536, 7700, 9900, 13400, 16000, 19200, 22400, 25600, 35600, 38700, 42000, 46700, 50200, 53700, 61100, 64702, 163700, 174100, 184900, 198800, 210500, 222700, 239100, 249660, 1067358, 1116105], "cpk-hex": "c88033", "image": {"title": "Macro of Native Copper about 1 \u00bd inches (4 cm) in size", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg", "attribution": "Native_Copper_Macro_Digon3.jpg: 'Jonathan Zander (Digon3)' derivative work: Materialscientist, CC BY-SA 2.5 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 419.53, "group": 12, "name": "Zinc", "density": "6.57", "poster": "element_030_zinc/element_030_zinc_srp_th", "symbol": "Zn", "discoveredby": "", "number": 30, "period": 4, "boiling": 907, "mass": 65.38, "english_name": "Zinc", "fun_fact": "The oldest known pills were made of the zinc carbonates hydrozincite and smithsonite. The pills were used for sore eyes and were found aboard the Roman ship Relitto del Pozzino, wrecked in 140 BC.", "model": "element_030_zinc", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLqyyMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAAzWZhRTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1746", "appearance": "silver-gray", "atomic_mass": 65.382, "boil": 1180, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "India", "melt": 692.68, "molar_heat": 25.47, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_030_zinc/element_030_zinc_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_030_zinc/element_030_zinc.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.", "xpos": 12, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 26, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2", "electron_affinity": -58, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.65, "ionization_energies": [906.4, 1733.3, 3833, 5731, 7970, 10400, 12900, 16800, 19600, 23000, 26400, 29990, 40490, 43800, 47300, 52300, 55900, 59700, 67300, 71200, 179100], "cpk-hex": "7d80b0", "image": {"title": "30 grams Zinc, front and back side. Original size in cm: 3", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Zinc_%2830_Zn%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/zinc.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 29.7646, "group": 13, "name": "Gallium", "density": "6.095", "poster": "element_031_gallium/element_031_gallium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ga", "discoveredby": "Paul-\u00c9mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran", "number": 31, "period": 4, "boiling": 2400, "mass": 69.723, "english_name": "Gallium", "fun_fact": "A well-known prank among chemists is to make gallium spoons and use them to serve tea to unsuspecting guests, since gallium has a similar appearance to its lighter homolog aluminium. The spoons then melt in the hot tea.", "model": "element_031_gallium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjY2NRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAGU9_ZhTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1875", "appearance": "silver-white", "atomic_mass": 69.7231, "boil": 2673, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Lecoq de Boisbaudran", "melt": 302.9146, "molar_heat": 25.86, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_031_gallium/element_031_gallium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_031_gallium/element_031_gallium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 \u00b0C (85.57 \u00b0F) (slightly above room temperature).", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 27, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 3], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1", "electron_affinity": 41, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.81, "ionization_energies": [578.8, 1979.3, 2963, 6180], "cpk-hex": "c28f8f", "image": {"title": "Solid gallium, fresh and after some time (2 months) at room temperature", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Solid_gallium_%28Ga%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gallium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Metalloid", "melting": 938.25, "group": 14, "name": "Germanium", "density": "5.60", "poster": "element_032_germanium/element_032_germanium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ge", "discoveredby": "Clemens Winkler", "number": 32, "period": 4, "boiling": 2833, "mass": 72.64, "english_name": "Germanium", "fun_fact": "Germanium is created by stellar nucleosynthesis. It has been detected in some of the most distant stars and in the atmosphere of Jupiter.", "model": "element_032_germanium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjZOMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKACXmozZTAAAA", "type": "Metalloid", "line": 4, "discovery": "1886", "appearance": "grayish-white", "atomic_mass": 72.6308, "boil": 3106, "category": "metalloid", "discovered_by": "Clemens Winkler", "melt": 1211.4, "molar_heat": 23.222, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_032_germanium/element_032_germanium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_032_germanium/element_032_germanium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 28, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 4], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2", "electron_affinity": 118.9352, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.01, "ionization_energies": [762, 1537.5, 3302.1, 4411, 9020], "cpk-hex": "668f8f", "image": {"title": "12 Grams Polycrystalline Germanium, 2*3 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Polycrystalline-germanium.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/germanium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Metalloid", "melting": 816.85, "group": 15, "name": "Arsenic", "density": "5.22", "poster": "element_033_arsenic/element_033_arsenic_srp_th", "symbol": "As", "discoveredby": "Albertus Magnus", "number": 33, "period": 4, "boiling": 613, "mass": 74.9216, "english_name": "Arsenic", "fun_fact": "In the Victorian era, \"arsenic\" (\"white arsenic\" or arsenic trioxide) was mixed with vinegar and chalk and eaten by women to improve the complexion of their faces, making their skin paler to show they did not work in the fields.", "model": "element_033_arsenic", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIvKjQsMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAI8ymcRTAAAA", "type": "Metalloid", "line": 4, "discovery": "1250", "appearance": "metallic grey", "atomic_mass": 74.9215956, "boil": null, "category": "metalloid", "discovered_by": "Bronze Age", "melt": null, "molar_heat": 24.64, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_033_arsenic/element_033_arsenic_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_033_arsenic/element_033_arsenic.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 29, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 5], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3", "electron_affinity": 77.65, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.18, "ionization_energies": [947, 1798, 2735, 4837, 6043, 12310], "cpk-hex": "bd80e3", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Metallic Arsenic under Argon, 1 - 2 grams. Original size of each piece in cm: 0.5 x 1", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Arsenic_%2833_As%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/arsenic.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": 220.85, "group": 16, "name": "Selenium", "density": "3.99", "poster": "element_034_selenium/element_034_selenium_srp_th", "symbol": "Se", "discoveredby": "J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius, Johan Gottlieb Gahn", "number": 34, "period": 4, "boiling": 684.85, "mass": 78.96, "english_name": "Selenium", "fun_fact": "Selenium is used in glassmaking.", "model": "element_034_selenium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTrNINxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAFrNZuhTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1817", "appearance": "black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes", "atomic_mass": 78.9718, "boil": 958, "category": "polyatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius", "melt": 494, "molar_heat": 25.363, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_034_selenium/element_034_selenium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_034_selenium/element_034_selenium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 30, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 6], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4", "electron_affinity": 194.9587, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.55, "ionization_energies": [941, 2045, 2973.7, 4144, 6590, 7880, 14990], "cpk-hex": "ffa100", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Black, Amorphous Selenium, 3 - 4 grams. Original size in cm: 2", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Selenium.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/selenium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": -7.2, "group": 17, "name": "Bromine", "density": "", "poster": "element_035_bromine/element_035_bromine_srp_th", "symbol": "Br", "discoveredby": "Antoine J\u00e9r\u00f4me Balard, Carl Jacob L\u00f6wig", "number": 35, "period": 4, "boiling": 58.8, "mass": 79.904, "english_name": "Bromine", "fun_fact": "Bromine is used to purify water.", "model": "element_035_bromine", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLsvJMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAFb6zWNTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 4, "discovery": "1826", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 79.904, "boil": 332, "category": "diatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Antoine J\u00e9r\u00f4me Balard", "melt": 265.8, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Liquid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_035_bromine/element_035_bromine_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_035_bromine/element_035_bromine.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Bromine (from Ancient Greek:\u03b2\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, br\u00f3mos, meaning \"stench\") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob L\u00f6wig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825\u20131826.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 31, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 7], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5", "electron_affinity": 324.537, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.96, "ionization_energies": [1139.9, 2103, 3470, 4560, 5760, 8550, 9940, 18600], "cpk-hex": "a62929", "image": {"title": "99.5 % pure liquid Bromine in a 4 x 1 cm big glass ampoule, cast in acrylic", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Bromine-ampoule.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bromine.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Noble Gas", "melting": -157.36, "group": 18, "name": "Krypton", "density": "", "poster": "element_036_krypton/element_036_krypton_srp_th", "symbol": "Kr", "discoveredby": "William Ramsay, Morris Travers", "number": 36, "period": 4, "boiling": -153.415, "mass": 83.798, "english_name": "Krypton", "fun_fact": "Krypton is one of the gases used in Neon Signs.", "model": "element_036_krypton", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MLIwq0wzNhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAKM0XThTAAAA", "type": "Noble Gas", "line": 4, "discovery": "1898", "appearance": "colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field", "atomic_mass": 83.7982, "boil": 119.93, "category": "noble gas", "discovered_by": "William Ramsay", "melt": 115.78, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_036_krypton/element_036_krypton_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_036_krypton/element_036_krypton.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Krypton_Spectrum.jpg", "summary": "Krypton (from Greek:\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 kryptos \"the hidden one\") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps.", "xpos": 18, "ypos": 4, "wxpos": 32, "wypos": 4, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 8], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6", "electron_affinity": -96, "electronegativity_pauling": 3, "ionization_energies": [1350.8, 2350.4, 3565, 5070, 6240, 7570, 10710, 12138, 22274, 25880, 29700, 33800, 37700, 43100, 47500, 52200, 57100, 61800, 75800, 80400, 85300, 90400, 96300, 101400, 111100, 116290, 282500, 296200, 311400, 326200], "cpk-hex": "5cb8d1", "image": {"title": "Vial of Glowing Ultrapure Krypton. Original size in cm: 1 x 5.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Krypton-glow.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/krypton.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Alkali Metal", "melting": 39.48, "group": 1, "name": "Rubidium", "density": "1.46", "poster": "element_037_rubidium/element_037_rubidium_srp_th", "symbol": "Rb", "discoveredby": "Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen", "number": 37, "period": 5, "boiling": 688, "mass": 85.4678, "english_name": "Rubidium", "fun_fact": "Rubidium has been used extensively in dating rocks.", "model": "element_037_rubidium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTs4uMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKALPC4pRTAAAA", "type": "Alkali Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1861", "appearance": "grey white", "atomic_mass": 85.46783, "boil": 961, "category": "alkali metal", "discovered_by": "Robert Bunsen", "melt": 312.45, "molar_heat": 31.06, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_037_rubidium/element_037_rubidium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_037_rubidium/element_037_rubidium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, such as very rapid oxidation in air.", "xpos": 1, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 1, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 8, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 5s1", "electron_affinity": 46.884, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.82, "ionization_energies": [403, 2633, 3860, 5080, 6850, 8140, 9570, 13120, 14500, 26740], "cpk-hex": "702eb0", "image": {"title": "Rubidium Metal Sample", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Rb5.JPG", "attribution": "Dnn87, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "melting": 777, "group": 2, "name": "Strontium", "density": "2.375", "poster": "element_038_strontium/element_038_strontium_srp_th", "symbol": "Sr", "discoveredby": "Humphry Davy, Adair Crawford, William Cruickshank", "number": 38, "period": 5, "boiling": 1381.85, "mass": 87.62, "english_name": "Strontium", "fun_fact": "Finely powdered strontium metal is pyrophoric, meaning that it will ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature.", "model": "element_038_strontium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTrMoMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAEdi3-5TAAAA", "type": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1790", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 87.621, "boil": 1650, "category": "alkaline earth metal", "discovered_by": "William Cruickshank (chemist)", "melt": 1050, "molar_heat": 26.4, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_038_strontium/element_038_strontium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_038_strontium/element_038_strontium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when it is exposed to air.", "xpos": 2, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 2, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 5s2", "electron_affinity": 5.023, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.95, "ionization_energies": [549.5, 1064.2, 4138, 5500, 6910, 8760, 10230, 11800, 15600, 17100, 31270], "cpk-hex": "00ff00", "image": {"title": "Strontium Pieces under Paraffin Oil.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Strontium-1.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/strontium.php"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1526, "group": 3, "name": "Yttrium", "density": "4.24", "poster": "element_039_yttrium/element_039_yttrium_srp_th", "symbol": "Y", "discoveredby": "Johan Gadolin", "number": 39, "period": 5, "boiling": 3337.85, "mass": 88.90585, "english_name": "Yttrium", "fun_fact": "The NASA Apollo missions to the Moon brought back samples of lunar rock which contained yttrium.", "model": "element_039_yttrium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLiwzNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKABV9DZ9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1794", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 88.905842, "boil": 3203, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Johan Gadolin", "melt": 1799, "molar_heat": 26.53, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_039_yttrium/element_039_yttrium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_039_yttrium/element_039_yttrium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a \"rare earth element\". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.", "xpos": 3, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 17, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d1 5s2", "electron_affinity": 29.6, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.22, "ionization_energies": [600, 1180, 1980, 5847, 7430, 8970, 11190, 12450, 14110, 18400, 19900, 36090], "cpk-hex": "94ffff", "image": {"title": "6,21g Yttrium, Reinheit mindestens 99%.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Piece_of_Yttrium.jpg", "attribution": "Jan Anskeit, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1854.85, "group": 4, "name": "Zirconium", "density": "5.8", "poster": "element_040_zirconium/element_040_zirconium_srp_th", "symbol": "Zr", "discoveredby": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "number": 40, "period": 5, "boiling": 4408.85, "mass": 91.224, "english_name": "Zirconium", "fun_fact": "Because of zirconium's excellent resistance to corrosion, it is often used as an alloying agent in materials that are exposed to aggressive environments, such as surgical appliances, light filaments, and watch cases.", "model": "element_040_zirconium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLqyqMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAFp_5jlTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1789", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 91.2242, "boil": 4650, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "melt": 2128, "molar_heat": 25.36, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_040_zirconium/element_040_zirconium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_040_zirconium/element_040_zirconium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun \u0632\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646, meaning \"gold-colored\".", "xpos": 4, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 18, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 10, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d2 5s2", "electron_affinity": 41.806, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.33, "ionization_energies": [640.1, 1270, 2218, 3313, 7752, 9500], "cpk-hex": "94e0e0", "image": {"title": "Two pieces of Zirconium, 1 cm each.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Zirconium-pieces.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/zirconium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 2477, "group": 5, "name": "Niobium", "density": "8.57", "poster": "element_041_niobium/element_041_niobium_srp_th", "symbol": "Nb", "discoveredby": "Charles Hatchett", "number": 41, "period": 5, "boiling": 4927, "mass": 92.90638, "english_name": "Niobium", "fun_fact": "Niobium is almost always found in nature together with tantalum.", "model": "element_041_niobium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNilKNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAMltwQlTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1801", "appearance": "gray metallic, bluish when oxidized", "atomic_mass": 92.906372, "boil": 5017, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Charles Hatchett", "melt": 2750, "molar_heat": 24.6, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_041_niobium/element_041_niobium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_041_niobium/element_041_niobium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum.", "xpos": 5, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 19, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 12, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d4 5s1", "electron_affinity": 88.516, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.6, "ionization_energies": [652.1, 1380, 2416, 3700, 4877, 9847, 12100], "cpk-hex": "73c2c9", "image": {"title": "Niobium strips", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Niobium_strips.JPG", "attribution": "Mauro Cateb, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 2623, "group": 6, "name": "Molybdenum", "density": "9.33", "poster": "element_042_molybdenum/element_042_molybdenum_srp_th", "symbol": "Mo", "discoveredby": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "number": 42, "period": 5, "boiling": 4638.85, "mass": 95.95, "english_name": "Molybdenum", "fun_fact": "Molybdenum has one of the highest melting points.", "model": "element_042_molybdenum", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNqiqMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAHrl3CVTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1778", "appearance": "gray metallic", "atomic_mass": 95.951, "boil": 4912, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "melt": 2896, "molar_heat": 24.06, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_042_molybdenum/element_042_molybdenum_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_042_molybdenum/element_042_molybdenum.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.", "xpos": 6, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 20, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 13, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d5 5s1", "electron_affinity": 72.1, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.16, "ionization_energies": [684.3, 1560, 2618, 4480, 5257, 6640.8, 12125, 13860, 15835, 17980, 20190, 22219, 26930, 29196, 52490, 55000, 61400, 67700, 74000, 80400, 87000, 93400, 98420, 104400, 121900, 127700, 133800, 139800, 148100, 154500], "cpk-hex": "54b5b5", "image": {"title": "99.9 Pure Molybdenum Crystal, about 2 x 3 cm, with anodisation color", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Molybdenum.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/molybdenum.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 2203.85, "group": 7, "name": "Technetium", "density": "", "poster": "element_043_technetium/element_043_technetium_srp_th", "symbol": "Tc", "discoveredby": "Emilio Segr\u00e8, Carlo Perrier", "number": 43, "period": 5, "boiling": 4264.85, "mass": 98, "english_name": "Technetium", "fun_fact": "Technetium was the first element to be produced artificially.", "model": "element_043_technetium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjZNMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAF_pnMRTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1937", "appearance": "shiny gray metal", "atomic_mass": 98, "boil": 4538, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Emilio Segr\u00e8", "melt": 2430, "molar_heat": 24.27, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_043_technetium/element_043_technetium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_043_technetium/element_043_technetium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Technetium (/t\u025bk\u02c8ni\u02d0\u0283i\u0259m/) is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the element with the lowest atomic number in the periodic table that has no stable isotopes:every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in nature.", "xpos": 7, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 21, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 13, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d5 5s2", "electron_affinity": 53, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.9, "ionization_energies": [702, 1470, 2850], "cpk-hex": "3b9e9e", "image": {"title": "Technetium Sample inside a sealed glass ampoule, filled with argon gas. 6x1 mm goldfoil covered with 99Tc powder (electroplated).", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg", "attribution": "GFDL, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 2334, "group": 8, "name": "Ruthenium", "density": "10.65", "poster": "element_044_ruthenium/element_044_ruthenium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ru", "discoveredby": "Karl Ernst Claus", "number": 44, "period": 5, "boiling": 4150, "mass": 101.07, "english_name": "Ruthenium", "fun_fact": "Apparently, Jedrzej Sniadecki, a Polish chemist, had produced ruthenium first but he withdrew his claim of discovery after other scientists failed to replicate his results.", "model": "element_044_ruthenium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTs4xNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOHlihpTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1844", "appearance": "silvery white metallic", "atomic_mass": 101.072, "boil": 4423, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Karl Ernst Claus", "melt": 2607, "molar_heat": 24.06, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_044_ruthenium/element_044_ruthenium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_044_ruthenium/element_044_ruthenium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals.", "xpos": 8, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 22, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 15, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d7", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d7 5s1", "electron_affinity": 100.96, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.2, "ionization_energies": [710.2, 1620, 2747], "cpk-hex": "248f8f", "image": {"title": "Ruthenium Crystal, 0.6 grams, 0.6 x 1.3 cm size", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Ruthenium_crystal.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/ruthenium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1962.85, "group": 9, "name": "Rhodium", "density": "10.7", "poster": "element_045_rhodium/element_045_rhodium_srp_th", "symbol": "Rh", "discoveredby": "William Hyde Wollaston", "number": 45, "period": 5, "boiling": 3696.85, "mass": 102.9055, "english_name": "Rhodium", "fun_fact": "Rhodium is resistant to most acids.", "model": "element_045_rhodium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTs41MBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKALsIUqtTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1803", "appearance": "silvery white metallic", "atomic_mass": 102.905502, "boil": 3968, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "William Hyde Wollaston", "melt": 2237, "molar_heat": 24.98, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_045_rhodium/element_045_rhodium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_045_rhodium/element_045_rhodium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group.", "xpos": 9, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 23, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 16, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d8", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d8 5s1", "electron_affinity": 110.27, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.28, "ionization_energies": [719.7, 1740, 2997], "cpk-hex": "0a7d8c", "image": {"title": "Pure Rhodium Bead, 1 gram. Original size in cm: 0.5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Rhodium_%28Rh%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rhodium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1554.9, "group": 10, "name": "Palladium", "density": "10.38", "poster": "element_046_palladium/element_046_palladium_srp_th", "symbol": "Pd", "discoveredby": "William Hyde Wollaston", "number": 46, "period": 5, "boiling": 2963, "mass": 106.42, "english_name": "Palladium", "fun_fact": "Palladium chloride was at one time prescribed as a tuberculosis treatment. This treatment had many negative side-effects, and was later replaced by more effective drugs.", "model": "element_046_palladium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNq9IMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAFaIPe5TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1803", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 106.421, "boil": 3236, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "William Hyde Wollaston", "melt": 1828.05, "molar_heat": 25.98, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_046_palladium/element_046_palladium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_046_palladium/element_046_palladium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.", "xpos": 10, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 24, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10", "electron_affinity": 54.24, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.2, "ionization_energies": [804.4, 1870, 3177], "cpk-hex": "006985", "image": {"title": "Palladium Crystal, about 1 gram. Original size in cm: 0.5 x 1", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Palladium_%2846_Pd%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/palladium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 961.78, "group": 11, "name": "Silver", "density": "9.320", "poster": "element_047_silver/element_047_silver_srp_th", "symbol": "Ag", "discoveredby": "", "number": 47, "period": 5, "boiling": 2162, "mass": 107.8682, "english_name": "Silver", "fun_fact": "Silver exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal.", "model": "element_047_silver", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTrOoMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAN21C3BTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "", "appearance": "lustrous white metal", "atomic_mass": 107.86822, "boil": 2435, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "unknown, before 5000 BC", "melt": 1234.93, "molar_heat": 25.35, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_047_silver/element_047_silver_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_047_silver/element_047_silver.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek:\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u00e1rguros, Latin:argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h\u2082er\u01f5- for \"grey\" or \"shining\") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.", "xpos": 11, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 25, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s1", "electron_affinity": 125.862, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.93, "ionization_energies": [731, 2070, 3361], "cpk-hex": "c0c0c0", "image": {"title": "Natural silver nugget, 1 cm long.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Silver-nugget.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/silver.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 321.07, "group": 12, "name": "Cadmium", "density": "7.996", "poster": "element_048_cadmium/element_048_cadmium_srp_th", "symbol": "Cd", "discoveredby": "Friedrich Stromeyer, Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann", "number": 48, "period": 5, "boiling": 766.85, "mass": 112.411, "english_name": "Cadmium", "fun_fact": "Cadmium compounds are used as red, orange and yellow pigments. A cadmium yellow paint was frequently used on Bob Ross' TV show The Joy of Painting.", "model": "element_048_cadmium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS5OMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAJT5yDFTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1817", "appearance": "silvery bluish-gray metallic", "atomic_mass": 112.4144, "boil": 1040, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann", "melt": 594.22, "molar_heat": 26.02, "named_by": "Isotopes of cadmium", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_048_cadmium/element_048_cadmium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_048_cadmium/element_048_cadmium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals.", "xpos": 12, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 26, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2", "electron_affinity": -68, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.69, "ionization_energies": [867.8, 1631.4, 3616], "cpk-hex": "ffd98f", "image": {"title": "48 Cd Cadmium", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/cadmium-4.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cadmium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 156.63, "group": 13, "name": "Indium", "density": "7.02", "poster": "element_049_indium/element_049_indium_srp_th", "symbol": "In", "discoveredby": "Ferdinand Reich", "number": 49, "period": 5, "boiling": 2072, "mass": 114.818, "english_name": "Indium", "fun_fact": "Indium make crackling sound when bent, it's similar to \"tin cry\".", "model": "element_049_indium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjeyMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANEyr1xTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1863", "appearance": "silvery lustrous gray", "atomic_mass": 114.8181, "boil": 2345, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Ferdinand Reich", "melt": 429.7485, "molar_heat": 26.74, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_049_indium/element_049_indium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_049_indium/element_049_indium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin.", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 27, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 3], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1", "electron_affinity": 37.043, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.78, "ionization_energies": [558.3, 1820.7, 2704, 5210], "cpk-hex": "a67573", "image": {"title": "1.5 x 1.5 cm liquid indium", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/indium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/indium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 231.93, "group": 14, "name": "Tin", "density": "6.99", "poster": "element_050_tin/element_050_tin_srp_th", "symbol": "Sn", "discoveredby": "", "number": 50, "period": 5, "boiling": 2602, "mass": 118.71, "english_name": "Tin", "fun_fact": "Tin cry is the characteristic sound heard when a bar made of tin is bent. Variously described as a \"screaming\" or \"crackling\" sound, the effect is caused by the crystal twinning in the metal.", "model": "element_050_tin", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjbNMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAMU-SFpTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 5, "discovery": "", "appearance": "silvery-white (beta, \u03b2) or gray (alpha, \u03b1)", "atomic_mass": 118.7107, "boil": 2875, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "unknown, before 3500 BC", "melt": 505.08, "molar_heat": 27.112, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_050_tin/element_050_tin_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_050_tin/element_050_tin.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 28, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 4], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2", "electron_affinity": 107.2984, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.96, "ionization_energies": [708.6, 1411.8, 2943, 3930.3, 7456], "cpk-hex": "668080", "image": {"title": "Tin blob", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Tin-2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: http://images-of-elements.com/tin.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Metalloid", "melting": 630.63, "group": 15, "name": "Antimony", "density": "6.53", "poster": "element_051_antimony/element_051_antimony_srp_th", "symbol": "Sb", "discoveredby": "", "number": 51, "period": 5, "boiling": 1586.85, "mass": 121.76, "english_name": "Antimony", "fun_fact": "Antimony(III) sulfide, Sb2S3, was recognized in predynastic Egypt as an eye cosmetic (kohl) as early as about 3100 BC, when the cosmetic palette was invented.", "model": "element_051_antimony", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIvNqoqNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAGQjRj1TAAAA", "type": "Metalloid", "line": 5, "discovery": "-1599", "appearance": "silvery lustrous gray", "atomic_mass": 121.7601, "boil": 1908, "category": "metalloid", "discovered_by": "unknown, before 3000 BC", "melt": 903.78, "molar_heat": 25.23, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_051_antimony/element_051_antimony_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_051_antimony/element_051_antimony.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 29, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 5], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3", "electron_affinity": 101.059, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.05, "ionization_energies": [834, 1594.9, 2440, 4260, 5400, 10400], "cpk-hex": "9e63b5", "image": {"title": "Antimony crystal, 2 grams, 1 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Antimony-4.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/antimony.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Metalloid", "melting": 449.51, "group": 16, "name": "Tellurium", "density": "5.70", "poster": "element_052_tellurium/element_052_tellurium_srp_th", "symbol": "Te", "discoveredby": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Franz-Joseph M\u00fcller von Reichenstein", "number": 52, "period": 5, "boiling": 987.85, "mass": 127.6, "english_name": "Tellurium", "fun_fact": "Tellurium compounds are used as pigments for ceramics.", "model": "element_052_tellurium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjYtNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAEmbQkdTAAAA", "type": "Metalloid", "line": 5, "discovery": "1782", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 127.603, "boil": 1261, "category": "metalloid", "discovered_by": "Franz-Joseph M\u00fcller von Reichenstein", "melt": 722.66, "molar_heat": 25.73, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_052_tellurium/element_052_tellurium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_052_tellurium/element_052_tellurium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 30, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 6], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4", "electron_affinity": 190.161, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.1, "ionization_energies": [869.3, 1790, 2698, 3610, 5668, 6820, 13200], "cpk-hex": "d47a00", "image": {"title": "Metallic tellurium, diameter 3.5 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Tellurium2.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tellurium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Reactive Nonmetal", "melting": 113.7, "group": 17, "name": "Iodine", "density": "4.933", "poster": "element_053_iodine/element_053_iodine_srp_th", "symbol": "I", "discoveredby": "Bernard Courtois", "number": 53, "period": 5, "boiling": 184.3, "mass": 126.90447, "english_name": "Iodine", "fun_fact": "Iodine was discovered by accident. In 1811 chemist Bernard Courtois used too much of sulfuric acid in procces of extracting saltpeter from seaweed. Violet vapor appeared and condesed to black crystals which he called \"substance X\".", "model": "element_053_iodine", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjfKMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAPIy95dTAAAA", "type": "Reactive Nonmetal", "line": 5, "discovery": "1811", "appearance": "lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas", "atomic_mass": 126.904473, "boil": 457.4, "category": "diatomic nonmetal", "discovered_by": "Bernard Courtois", "melt": 386.85, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_053_iodine/element_053_iodine_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_053_iodine/element_053_iodine.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek \u1f30\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c2 ioeid\u0113s, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of iodine vapor. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition, and industrially in the production of acetic acid and certain polymers.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 31, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 7], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5", "electron_affinity": 295.1531, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.66, "ionization_energies": [1008.4, 1845.9, 3180], "cpk-hex": "940094", "image": {"title": "Iodine Sample", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Iodine-sample.jpg", "attribution": "Benjah-bmm27, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Noble Gas", "melting": -111.75, "group": 18, "name": "Xenon", "density": "", "poster": "element_054_xenon/element_054_xenon_srp_th", "symbol": "Xe", "discoveredby": "William Ramsay, Morris Travers", "number": 54, "period": 5, "boiling": -108.12, "mass": 131.293, "english_name": "Xenon", "fun_fact": "In the 1930s, American engineer Harold Edgerton started to work on strobe lamp technology for high speed photography. Soon he invented the xenon flash lamp in which light is generated by passing brief electric current through a tube filled with xenon gas.\n", "model": "element_054_xenon", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLixMMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKADku2nJTAAAA", "type": "Noble Gas", "line": 5, "discovery": "1898", "appearance": "colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in a high voltage electric field", "atomic_mass": 131.2936, "boil": 165.051, "category": "noble gas", "discovered_by": "William Ramsay", "melt": 161.4, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_054_xenon/element_054_xenon_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_054_xenon/element_054_xenon.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xenon_Spectrum.jpg", "summary": "Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized.", "xpos": 18, "ypos": 5, "wxpos": 32, "wypos": 5, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 8], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6", "electron_affinity": -77, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.6, "ionization_energies": [1170.4, 2046.4, 3099.4], "cpk-hex": "429eb0", "image": {"title": "Vial of glowing ultrapure xenon. Original size in cm: 1 x 5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Xenon-glow.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/xenon.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Alkali Metal", "melting": 28.44, "group": 1, "name": "Cesium", "density": "1.843", "poster": "element_055_cesium/element_055_cesium_srp_th", "symbol": "Cs", "discoveredby": "Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen", "number": 55, "period": 6, "boiling": 670.85, "mass": 132.9054519, "english_name": "Caesium", "fun_fact": "Caesium is one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature.", "model": "element_055_cesium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyUsyMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANUsLz9TAAAA", "type": "Alkali Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1860", "appearance": "silvery gold", "atomic_mass": 132.905451966, "boil": 944, "category": "alkali metal", "discovered_by": "Robert Bunsen", "melt": 301.7, "molar_heat": 32.21, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_055_cesium/element_055_cesium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_055_cesium/element_055_cesium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 \u00b0C (82 \u00b0F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is an alkali metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium.", "xpos": 1, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 1, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 6s1", "electron_affinity": 45.505, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.79, "ionization_energies": [375.7, 2234.3, 3400], "cpk-hex": "57178f", "image": {"title": "Cesium/Caesium metal", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Cesium.jpg", "attribution": "Dnn87 Contact email: Dnn87yahoo.dk, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "melting": 727, "group": 2, "name": "Barium", "density": "3.338", "poster": "element_056_barium/element_056_barium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ba", "discoveredby": "Humphry Davy, Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "number": 56, "period": 6, "boiling": 1897, "mass": 137.327, "english_name": "Barium", "fun_fact": "Alchemists were attracted to stones made of impure barium sulfate because after exposure to light they would glow for years.", "model": "element_056_barium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLsvNMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAG_ME7dTAAAA", "type": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1808", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 137.3277, "boil": 2118, "category": "alkaline earth metal", "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "melt": 1000, "molar_heat": 28.07, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_056_barium/element_056_barium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_056_barium/element_056_barium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is never found in nature as a free element.", "xpos": 2, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 2, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 6s2", "electron_affinity": 13.954, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.89, "ionization_energies": [502.9, 965.2, 3600], "cpk-hex": "00c900", "image": {"title": "1.5 Grams Barium with a Grey Oxide Layer under Argon. Original size in cm: 0.7 x 1", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Barium_%2856_Ba%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/barium.php"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 920, "group": 3, "name": "Lanthanum", "density": "5.94", "poster": "element_057_lanthanum/element_057_lanthanum_srp_th", "symbol": "La", "discoveredby": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", "number": 57, "period": 6, "boiling": 3463.85, "mass": 138.90547, "english_name": "Lanthanum", "fun_fact": "The first historical application of lanthanum was in gas lantern mantles.", "model": "element_057_lanthanum", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItqoovNhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIIQO8pTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "line": 6, "discovery": "1839", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 138.905477, "boil": 3737, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", "melt": 1193, "molar_heat": 27.11, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_057_lanthanum/element_057_lanthanum_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_057_lanthanum/element_057_lanthanum.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It gave its name to the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table:it is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals.", "xpos": 3, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 3, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 5d16s2", "electron_affinity": 53, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.1, "ionization_energies": [538.1, 1067, 1850.3, 4819, 5940], "cpk-hex": "70d4ff", "image": {"title": "1 cm Big Piece of Pure Lanthanum", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Lanthanum.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lanthanum.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 795, "group": 3.01, "name": "Cerium", "density": "6.55", "poster": "element_058_cerium/element_058_cerium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ce", "discoveredby": "J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Carl Gustaf Mosander", "number": 58, "period": 6, "boiling": 3257, "mass": 140.116, "english_name": "Cerium", "fun_fact": "It is used in the walls of self-cleaning ovens.", "model": "element_058_cerium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS4pNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKACNo9b5TAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1803", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 140.1161, "boil": 3716, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "melt": 1068, "molar_heat": 26.94, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_058_cerium/element_058_cerium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_058_cerium/element_058_cerium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture).", "xpos": 4, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 4, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2", "electron_affinity": 55, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.12, "ionization_energies": [534.4, 1050, 1949, 3547, 6325, 7490], "cpk-hex": "ffffc7", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Cerium under Argon, 1.5 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 1", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Cerium2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/cerium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 930.85, "group": 3.02, "name": "Praseodymium", "density": "6.50", "poster": "element_059_praseodymium/element_059_praseodymium_srp_th", "symbol": "Pr", "discoveredby": "", "number": 59, "period": 6, "boiling": 3520, "mass": 140.90765, "english_name": "Praseodymium", "fun_fact": "Praseodymium is used for wind turbines.", "model": "element_059_praseodymium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTjawMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIG6KrZTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1885", "appearance": "grayish white", "atomic_mass": 140.907662, "boil": 3403, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Carl Auer von Welsbach", "melt": 1208, "molar_heat": 27.2, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_059_praseodymium/element_059_praseodymium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_059_praseodymium/element_059_praseodymium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.", "xpos": 5, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 5, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f3 6s2", "electron_affinity": 93, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.13, "ionization_energies": [527, 1020, 2086, 3761, 5551], "cpk-hex": "d9ffc7", "image": {"title": "1.5 Grams Praseodymium under Argon, 0.5 cm big pieces", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Praseodymium.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/praseodymium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1020.85, "group": 3.03, "name": "Neodymium", "density": "6.89", "poster": "element_060_neodymium/element_060_neodymium_srp_th", "symbol": "Nd", "discoveredby": "", "number": 60, "period": 6, "boiling": 3073.85, "mass": 144.242, "english_name": "Neodymium", "fun_fact": "Neodymium compounds were first commercially used as glass dyes in 1927, and they remain a popular additive in glasses.", "model": "element_060_neodymium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNikqMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANTCeA9TAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1885", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 144.2423, "boil": 3347, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Carl Auer von Welsbach", "melt": 1297, "molar_heat": 27.45, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_060_neodymium/element_060_neodymium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_060_neodymium/element_060_neodymium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.", "xpos": 6, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 6, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f4 6s2", "electron_affinity": 184.87, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.14, "ionization_energies": [533.1, 1040, 2130, 3900], "cpk-hex": "c7ffc7", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Neodymium under Argon, 5 grams. Original length of the large piece in cm: 1", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Neodymium_%2860_Nd%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/neodymium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1041.85, "group": 3.04, "name": "Promethium", "density": "7.26", "poster": "element_061_promethium/element_061_promethium_srp_th", "symbol": "Pm", "discoveredby": "Jacob A. Marinsky, Charles D. Coryell, Lawrence E. Glendenin", "number": 61, "period": 6, "boiling": 2999.85, "mass": 145, "english_name": "Promethium", "fun_fact": "Promethium is used in atomic batteries. These batteries have a useful lifetime of about five years.", "model": "element_061_promethium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNq_IMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAMxf6XBTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1945", "appearance": "metallic", "atomic_mass": 145, "boil": 3273, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Chien Shiung Wu", "melt": 1315, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": "Isotopes of promethium", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promethium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_061_promethium/element_061_promethium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_061_promethium/element_061_promethium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements.", "xpos": 7, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 7, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f5 6s2", "electron_affinity": 12.45, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.13, "ionization_energies": [540, 1050, 2150, 3970], "cpk-hex": "a3ffc7", "image": {"title": "Photomontage of what promethium metal might look like (it is too radioactive and real images are not available)", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Promethium.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/promethium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1072, "group": 3.05, "name": "Samarium", "density": "7.16", "poster": "element_062_samarium/element_062_samarium_srp_th", "symbol": "Sm", "discoveredby": "Paul-\u00c9mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Eug\u00e8ne-Anatole Demar\u00e7ay", "number": 62, "period": 6, "boiling": 1793.85, "mass": 150.36, "english_name": "Samarium", "fun_fact": "The major commercial application of samarium is in samarium\u2013cobalt magnets, which have permanent magnetization second only to neodymium magnets. These magnets are found in small motors, headphones, and high-end magnetic pickups for guitars and related musical instruments.", "model": "element_062_samarium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTrM0NhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAI2QirhTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1879", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 150.362, "boil": 2173, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Lecoq de Boisbaudran", "melt": 1345, "molar_heat": 29.54, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_062_samarium/element_062_samarium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_062_samarium/element_062_samarium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3.", "xpos": 8, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 8, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f6 6s2", "electron_affinity": 15.63, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.17, "ionization_energies": [544.5, 1070, 2260, 3990], "cpk-hex": "8fffc7", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Sublimated Samarium, 2 grams. Original size in cm: 0.8 x 1.5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Samarium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/samarium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 826, "group": 3.06, "name": "Europium", "density": "5.13", "poster": "element_063_europium/element_063_europium_srp_th", "symbol": "Eu", "discoveredby": "Paul-\u00c9mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Eug\u00e8ne-Anatole Demar\u00e7ay", "number": 63, "period": 6, "boiling": 1529, "mass": 151.964, "english_name": "Europium", "fun_fact": "Europium becomes a superconductor when it is cooled below 1.8 K and compressed to above 80 GPa. ", "model": "element_063_europium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MLJISjNIMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOLUIeFTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1901", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 151.9641, "boil": 1802, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Eug\u00e8ne-Anatole Demar\u00e7ay", "melt": 1099, "molar_heat": 27.66, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_063_europium/element_063_europium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_063_europium/element_063_europium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water.", "xpos": 9, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 9, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f7 6s2", "electron_affinity": 11.2, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.2, "ionization_energies": [547.1, 1085, 2404, 4120], "cpk-hex": "61ffc7", "image": {"title": "Weakly Oxidized Europium, hence slightly yellowish. 1.5 grams, large piece 0.6 x 1.6 cm.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Europium.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/europium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1311.85, "group": 3.07, "name": "Gadolinium", "density": "7.4", "poster": "element_064_gadolinium/element_064_gadolinium_srp_th", "symbol": "Gd", "discoveredby": "Paul-\u00c9mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac", "number": 64, "period": 6, "boiling": 3271.85, "mass": 157.25, "english_name": "Gadolinium", "fun_fact": "Gadolinium have applications in microwave technology.", "model": "element_064_gadolinium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjbONRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANzqcc1TAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1880", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 157.253, "boil": 3273, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac", "melt": 1585, "molar_heat": 37.03, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_064_gadolinium/element_064_gadolinium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_064_gadolinium/element_064_gadolinium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.", "xpos": 10, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 10, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2", "electron_affinity": 13.22, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.2, "ionization_energies": [593.4, 1170, 1990, 4250], "cpk-hex": "45ffc7", "image": {"title": "Pure (99.95%) Amorphous Gadolinium, about 12 grams, 2 \u00d7 1.5 \u00d7 0.5 cm, cast in acrylic glass", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Gadolinium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gadolinium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1355.85, "group": 3.08, "name": "Terbium", "density": "7.65", "poster": "element_065_terbium/element_065_terbium_srp_th", "symbol": "Tb", "discoveredby": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", "number": 65, "period": 6, "boiling": 3230, "mass": 158.92535, "english_name": "Terbium", "fun_fact": "Terbium is more common than metals such as silver and mercury.", "model": "element_065_terbium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjY3NBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKACeFaJ1TAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1843", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 158.925352, "boil": 3396, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", "melt": 1629, "molar_heat": 28.91, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_065_terbium/element_065_terbium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_065_terbium/element_065_terbium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.", "xpos": 11, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 11, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f9", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f9 6s2", "electron_affinity": 112.4, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.1, "ionization_energies": [565.8, 1110, 2114, 3839], "cpk-hex": "30ffc7", "image": {"title": "Pure Terbium, 3 grams. Original size: 1 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Terbium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/terbium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1411.85, "group": 3.09, "name": "Dysprosium", "density": "8.37", "poster": "element_066_dysprosium/element_066_dysprosium_srp_th", "symbol": "Dy", "discoveredby": "Paul-\u00c9mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran", "number": 66, "period": 6, "boiling": 2566.85, "mass": 162.5, "english_name": "Dysprosium", "fun_fact": "Dysprosium is used in ships\u2019 sonar systems.", "model": "element_066_dysprosium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIrysoxNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOcSW4hTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1886", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 162.5001, "boil": 2840, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Lecoq de Boisbaudran", "melt": 1680, "molar_heat": 27.7, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_066_dysprosium/element_066_dysprosium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_066_dysprosium/element_066_dysprosium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.", "xpos": 12, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 12, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f10 6s2", "electron_affinity": 33.96, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.22, "ionization_energies": [573, 1130, 2200, 3990], "cpk-hex": "1fffc7", "image": {"title": "Pure Dysprosium Dendrites", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Dysprosium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/dysprosium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1474, "group": 3.1, "name": "Holmium", "density": "8.34", "poster": "element_067_holmium/element_067_holmium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ho", "discoveredby": "Per Teodor Cleve, Marc Delafontaine, Jacques-Louis Soret", "number": 67, "period": 6, "boiling": 2694.85, "mass": 164.93032, "english_name": "Holmium", "fun_fact": "Holmium has unusual magnetic properties.", "model": "element_067_holmium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKsmyNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAA-UMmtTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1878", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 164.930332, "boil": 2873, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Marc Delafontaine", "melt": 1734, "molar_heat": 27.15, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_067_holmium/element_067_holmium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_067_holmium/element_067_holmium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 13, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f11", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f11 6s2", "electron_affinity": 32.61, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.23, "ionization_energies": [581, 1140, 2204, 4100], "cpk-hex": "00ff9c", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Holmium, 17 grams. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 2.5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Holmium2.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/holmium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1528.85, "group": 3.11, "name": "Erbium", "density": "8.86", "poster": "element_068_erbium/element_068_erbium_srp_th", "symbol": "Er", "discoveredby": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", "number": 68, "period": 6, "boiling": 2868, "mass": 167.259, "english_name": "Erbium", "fun_fact": "Erbia has a pink color and is used to color glass and glazes.", "model": "element_068_erbium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MLJISjcuNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAA3HV9RTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1843", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 167.2593, "boil": 3141, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", "melt": 1802, "molar_heat": 28.12, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_068_erbium/element_068_erbium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_068_erbium/element_068_erbium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 14, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f12 6s2", "electron_affinity": 30.1, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.24, "ionization_energies": [589.3, 1150, 2194, 4120], "cpk-hex": "00e675", "image": {"title": "9.5 Gramms Pure Erbium, 2 x 2 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Erbium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/erbium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1544.85, "group": 3.12, "name": "Thulium", "density": "8.56", "poster": "element_069_thulium/element_069_thulium_srp_th", "symbol": "Tm", "discoveredby": "Per Teodor Cleve", "number": 69, "period": 6, "boiling": 1950, "mass": 168.93421, "english_name": "Thulium", "fun_fact": "Thulium is put into euro banknotes as a measure against counterfeiting.", "model": "element_069_thulium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjbPMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKADs_72dTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1879", "appearance": "silvery gray", "atomic_mass": 168.934222, "boil": 2223, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Per Teodor Cleve", "melt": 1818, "molar_heat": 27.03, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_069_thulium/element_069_thulium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_069_thulium/element_069_thulium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 15, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f13 6s2", "electron_affinity": 99, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.25, "ionization_energies": [596.7, 1160, 2285, 4120], "cpk-hex": "00d452", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure (99.997%) Crystalline Thulium, 22.3 grams, 3 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 2 cm in size", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Thulium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/thulium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 819, "group": 3.13, "name": "Ytterbium", "density": "6.21", "poster": "element_070_ytterbium/element_070_ytterbium_srp_th", "symbol": "Yb", "discoveredby": "Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac", "number": 70, "period": 6, "boiling": 1195.85, "mass": 173.04, "english_name": "Ytterbium", "fun_fact": "Ytterbium has no biological role.", "model": "element_070_ytterbium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLixLNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKADZ9VVRTAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1878", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 173.0451, "boil": 1469, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac", "melt": 1097, "molar_heat": 26.74, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_070_ytterbium/element_070_ytterbium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_070_ytterbium/element_070_ytterbium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 16, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 6s2", "electron_affinity": -1.93, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.1, "ionization_energies": [603.4, 1174.8, 2417, 4203], "cpk-hex": "00bf38", "image": {"title": "Ytterbium, 0.5 x 1 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Ytterbium-3.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/ytterbium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Lanthanide", "melting": 1663, "group": 3.14, "name": "Lutetium", "density": "9.3", "poster": "element_071_lutetium/element_071_lutetium_srp_th", "symbol": "Lu", "discoveredby": "", "number": 71, "period": 6, "boiling": 3402, "mass": 174.967, "english_name": "Lutetium", "fun_fact": "Lutetium is the most expensive element.", "model": "element_071_lutetium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItqoqPNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAH74RQ1TAAAA", "type": "Lanthanide", "discovery": "1907", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 174.96681, "boil": 3675, "category": "lanthanide", "discovered_by": "Georges Urbain", "melt": 1925, "molar_heat": 26.86, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutetium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_071_lutetium/element_071_lutetium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_071_lutetium/element_071_lutetium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and the last element in the lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 9, "wxpos": 17, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2", "electron_affinity": 33.4, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.27, "ionization_energies": [523.5, 1340, 2022.3, 4370, 6445], "cpk-hex": "00ab24", "image": {"title": "1 cm Big Piece of Pure Lutetium", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Lutetium.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lutetium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 2227, "group": 4, "name": "Hafnium", "density": "12", "poster": "element_072_hafnium/element_072_hafnium_srp_th", "symbol": "Hf", "discoveredby": "George de Hevesy, Dirk Coster", "number": 72, "period": 6, "boiling": 4601.85, "mass": 178.49, "english_name": "Hafnium", "fun_fact": "Most of the hafnium produced is used in the manufacture of control rods for nuclear reactors.", "model": "element_072_hafnium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKsnKMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIn5YQ9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1923", "appearance": "steel gray", "atomic_mass": 178.492, "boil": 4876, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Dirk Coster", "melt": 2506, "molar_heat": 25.73, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_072_hafnium/element_072_hafnium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_072_hafnium/element_072_hafnium.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafnium_spectrum_visible.png", "summary": "Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).", "xpos": 4, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 18, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2", "electron_affinity": 17.18, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [658.5, 1440, 2250, 3216], "cpk-hex": "4dc2ff", "image": {"title": "Electrolytic Hafnium, 22 grams. Original size in cm: 1 x 2 x 3", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Hafnium_%2872_Hf%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hafnium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 3019.85, "group": 5, "name": "Tantalum", "density": "15", "poster": "element_073_tantalum/element_073_tantalum_srp_th", "symbol": "Ta", "discoveredby": "", "number": 73, "period": 6, "boiling": 5456.85, "mass": 180.94788, "english_name": "Tantalum", "fun_fact": "Tantalum is widely used in making surgical instruments and implants because it resists attack by body fluids and is nonirritating.", "model": "element_073_tantalum", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjYvMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANRB4x9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1802", "appearance": "gray blue", "atomic_mass": 180.947882, "boil": 5731, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Anders Gustaf Ekeberg", "melt": 3290, "molar_heat": 25.36, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_073_tantalum/element_073_tantalum_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_073_tantalum/element_073_tantalum.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tantalum_spectrum_visible.png", "summary": "Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.", "xpos": 5, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 19, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2", "electron_affinity": 31, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.5, "ionization_energies": [761, 1500], "cpk-hex": "4da6ff", "image": {"title": "Piece of tantalum, 1 cm in size", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Tantalum.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tantalum.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 3421.85, "group": 6, "name": "Tungsten", "density": "17.6", "poster": "element_074_tungsten/element_074_tungsten_srp_th", "symbol": "W", "discoveredby": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "number": 74, "period": 6, "boiling": 5555, "mass": 183.84, "english_name": "Tungsten", "fun_fact": "Tungsten's alloys have numerous applications, including incandescent light bulb filaments.", "model": "element_074_tungsten", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzja3NBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAL1SvANTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1783", "appearance": "grayish white, lustrous", "atomic_mass": 183.841, "boil": 6203, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "melt": 3695, "molar_heat": 24.27, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_074_tungsten/element_074_tungsten_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_074_tungsten/element_074_tungsten.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten.", "xpos": 6, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 20, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2", "electron_affinity": 78.76, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.36, "ionization_energies": [770, 1700], "cpk-hex": "2194d6", "image": {"title": "Tungsten rod with oxidised surface, 80 grams. Original size in cm: 1.3 x 3", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Tungsten_rod_with_oxidised_surface.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tungsten.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 3185, "group": 7, "name": "Rhenium", "density": "18.9", "poster": "element_075_rhenium/element_075_rhenium_srp_th", "symbol": "Re", "discoveredby": "Walter Noddack, Ida Noddack, Otto Berg", "number": 75, "period": 6, "boiling": 5596.85, "mass": 186.207, "english_name": "Rhenium", "fun_fact": "Rhenium is added to high-temperature superalloys that are used to make jet engine parts.", "model": "element_075_rhenium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTs5NNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAPAOa4BTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1925", "appearance": "silvery-grayish", "atomic_mass": 186.2071, "boil": 5869, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Masataka Ogawa", "melt": 3459, "molar_heat": 25.48, "named_by": "Walter Noddack", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_075_rhenium/element_075_rhenium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_075_rhenium/element_075_rhenium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust.", "xpos": 7, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 21, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2", "electron_affinity": 5.8273, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.9, "ionization_energies": [760, 1260, 2510, 3640], "cpk-hex": "267dab", "image": {"title": "Pure Rhenium Bead, arc melted, 21 grams. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 1.7. Measured radiation dose <0.05 \u03bcS/h.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Pure_rhenium_bead%2C_arc_melted%2C_21_grams._Original_size_in_cm_-_1.5_x_1.7.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rhenium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 3033, "group": 8, "name": "Osmium", "density": "20", "poster": "element_076_osmium/element_076_osmium_srp_th", "symbol": "Os", "discoveredby": "Smithson Tennant", "number": 76, "period": 6, "boiling": 5026.85, "mass": 190.23, "english_name": "Osmium", "fun_fact": "Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.", "model": "element_076_osmium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNkuKNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAOu2JvhTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1803", "appearance": "silvery, blue cast", "atomic_mass": 190.233, "boil": 5285, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Smithson Tennant", "melt": 3306, "molar_heat": 24.7, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_076_osmium/element_076_osmium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_076_osmium/element_076_osmium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Osmium (from Greek osme (\u1f40\u03c3\u03bc\u03ae) meaning \"smell\") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3.", "xpos": 8, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 22, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2", "electron_affinity": 103.99, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.2, "ionization_energies": [840, 1600], "cpk-hex": "266696", "image": {"title": "Pure Osmium Bead", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Osmium-bead.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/osmium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 2446, "group": 9, "name": "Iridium", "density": "19", "poster": "element_077_iridium/element_077_iridium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ir", "discoveredby": "Smithson Tennant", "number": 77, "period": 6, "boiling": 4428, "mass": 192.217, "english_name": "Iridium", "fun_fact": "In February 2019, medical scientists announced that iridium attached to albumin, creating a photosensitized molecule, can penetrate cancer cells and, after being irradiated with light (a process called photodynamic therapy), destroy the cancer cells.", "model": "element_077_iridium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjeqNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAORAKRRTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1803", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 192.2173, "boil": 4403, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Smithson Tennant", "melt": 2719, "molar_heat": 25.1, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_077_iridium/element_077_iridium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_077_iridium/element_077_iridium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 \u00b0C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.", "xpos": 9, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 23, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d7", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2", "electron_affinity": 150.94, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.2, "ionization_energies": [880, 1600], "cpk-hex": "175487", "image": {"title": "Pieces of Pure Iridium, 1 gram. Original size: 0.1 - 0.3 cm each", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Iridium-2.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY 1.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/iridium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1768.3, "group": 10, "name": "Platinum", "density": "19.77", "poster": "element_078_platinum/element_078_platinum_srp_th", "symbol": "Pt", "discoveredby": "Antonio de Ulloa", "number": 78, "period": 6, "boiling": 3825, "mass": 195.084, "english_name": "Platinum", "fun_fact": "Platinum-cobalt, an alloy of roughly three parts platinum and one part cobalt, is used to make relatively strong permanent magnets.", "model": "element_078_platinum", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNq80MhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIHV0b5TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1735", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 195.0849, "boil": 4098, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Antonio de Ulloa", "melt": 2041.4, "molar_heat": 25.86, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_078_platinum/element_078_platinum_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_078_platinum/element_078_platinum.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, which is literally translated into \"little silver\".", "xpos": 10, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 24, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d9", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1", "electron_affinity": 205.041, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.28, "ionization_energies": [870, 1791], "cpk-hex": "d0d0e0", "image": {"title": "Crystals of Pure Platinum grown by gas phase transport", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Platinum_crystals.jpg", "attribution": "Periodictableru, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 1064.18, "group": 11, "name": "Gold", "density": "17.31", "poster": "element_079_gold/element_079_gold_srp_th", "symbol": "Au", "discoveredby": "", "number": 79, "period": 6, "boiling": 2700, "mass": 196.966569, "english_name": "Gold", "fun_fact": "Gold was one of the first pure metals to be used by humans.", "model": "element_079_gold", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKjaqMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAPhzFh9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "", "appearance": "metallic yellow", "atomic_mass": 196.9665695, "boil": 3243, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Middle East", "melt": 1337.33, "molar_heat": 25.418, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_079_gold/element_079_gold_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_079_gold/element_079_gold.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.", "xpos": 11, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 25, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1", "electron_affinity": 222.747, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.54, "ionization_energies": [890.1, 1980], "cpk-hex": "ffd123", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Gold Leaf", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Gold_%2879_Au%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/gold.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": -38.829, "group": 12, "name": "Mercury", "density": "", "poster": "element_080_mercury/element_080_mercury_srp_th", "symbol": "Hg", "discoveredby": "", "number": 80, "period": 6, "boiling": 356.73, "mass": 200.59, "english_name": "Mercury", "fun_fact": "Mercury is one of the few elements that is liquid at room temperature.", "model": "element_080_mercury", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLjdNNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAJGn9WtTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "", "appearance": "silvery", "atomic_mass": 200.5923, "boil": 629.88, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "unknown, before 2000 BCE", "melt": 234.321, "molar_heat": 27.983, "named_by": null, "phase": "Liquid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury (Element)", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_080_mercury/element_080_mercury_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_080_mercury/element_080_mercury.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/ha\u026a\u02c8dr\u0251\u02d0rd\u0292\u0259r\u0259m/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.", "xpos": 12, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 26, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2", "electron_affinity": -48, "electronegativity_pauling": 2, "ionization_energies": [1007.1, 1810, 3300], "cpk-hex": "b8b8d0", "image": {"title": "6 grams pure mercury. Diameter of the inner disc: 2 cm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Hydrargyrum_%2880_Hg%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/mercury.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 304, "group": 13, "name": "Thallium", "density": "11.22", "poster": "element_081_thallium/element_081_thallium_srp_th", "symbol": "Tl", "discoveredby": "", "number": 81, "period": 6, "boiling": 1472.85, "mass": 204.3833, "english_name": "Thallium", "fun_fact": "Agatha Christie used thallium as the agent of murder in her detective fiction novel \"The Pale Horse\".", "model": "element_081_thallium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzs5JMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAF_up2hTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1861", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 204.38, "boil": 1746, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "William Crookes", "melt": 577, "molar_heat": 26.32, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_081_thallium/element_081_thallium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_081_thallium/element_081_thallium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 27, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1", "electron_affinity": 36.4, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.62, "ionization_energies": [589.4, 1971, 2878], "cpk-hex": "a6544d", "image": {"title": "8 grams pure thallium under argon. Original size in cm: 0.7 x 1.5", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Thallium_%2881_Tl%29.jpg", "attribution": "Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/thallium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 327.5, "group": 14, "name": "Lead", "density": "10.66", "poster": "element_082_lead/element_082_lead_srp_th", "symbol": "Pb", "discoveredby": "", "number": 82, "period": 6, "boiling": 1749, "mass": 207.2, "english_name": "Lead", "fun_fact": "Because it's fairly easy to extract (for a metal), lead has been used since prehistoric time.", "model": "element_082_lead", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItijcoMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAN8QsGBTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "", "appearance": "metallic gray", "atomic_mass": 207.21, "boil": 2022, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Middle East", "melt": 600.61, "molar_heat": 26.65, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(element)", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_082_lead/element_082_lead_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_082_lead/element_082_lead.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Lead (/l\u025bd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 28, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2", "electron_affinity": 34.4204, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.87, "ionization_energies": [715.6, 1450.5, 3081.5, 4083, 6640], "cpk-hex": "575961", "image": {"title": "Ultrapure Lead Bead from two sides. Original size in cm: 1.5 x 2", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Lead-2.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical Elements, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lead.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 271.5, "group": 15, "name": "Bismuth", "density": "10.05", "poster": "element_083_bismuth/element_083_bismuth_srp_th", "symbol": "Bi", "discoveredby": "Claude Fran\u00e7ois Geoffroy", "number": 83, "period": 6, "boiling": 1564, "mass": 208.9804, "english_name": "Bismuth", "fun_fact": "The spiral, stair-stepped structure of bismuth crystals is the result of a higher growth rate around the outside edges than on the inside edges. The variations in the thickness of the oxide layer that forms on the surface of the crystal cause different wavelengths of light to interfere upon reflection, thus displaying a rainbow of colors. ", "model": "element_083_bismuth", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLiuwMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAEm2qDJTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1753", "appearance": "lustrous silver", "atomic_mass": 208.980401, "boil": 1837, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Claude Fran\u00e7ois Geoffroy", "melt": 544.7, "molar_heat": 25.52, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_083_bismuth/element_083_bismuth_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_083_bismuth/element_083_bismuth.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 29, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3", "electron_affinity": 90.924, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.02, "ionization_energies": [703, 1610, 2466, 4370, 5400, 8520], "cpk-hex": "9e4fb5", "image": {"title": "Bismuth Crystal", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Bismuth-2.jpg", "attribution": "Jurii, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bismuth.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 254, "group": 16, "name": "Polonium", "density": "beta: 9.398", "poster": "element_084_polonium/element_084_polonium_srp_th", "symbol": "Po", "discoveredby": "Marie Curie, Pierre Curie", "number": 84, "period": 6, "boiling": 962, "mass": 209, "english_name": "Polonium", "fun_fact": "Polonium is found in the food chain, especially in seafood.", "model": "element_084_polonium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNq-0NBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAL5vDo9TAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1898", "appearance": "silvery", "atomic_mass": 209, "boil": 1235, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Pierre Curie", "melt": 527, "molar_heat": 26.4, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_084_polonium/element_084_polonium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_084_polonium/element_084_polonium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Applications of polonium are few.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 30, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4", "electron_affinity": 136, "electronegativity_pauling": 2, "ionization_energies": [812.1], "cpk-hex": "ab5c00", "image": {"title": "This is only an illustration, not polonium itself. A silvery, radioactive metal, producing so much heat that it gets liquid and ionizes the surrounding air", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/polonium.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/polonium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Post-transition Metal", "melting": 301.85, "group": 17, "name": "Astatine", "density": "", "poster": "element_085_astatine/element_085_astatine_srp_th", "symbol": "At", "discoveredby": "Emilio Segr\u00e8", "number": 85, "period": 6, "boiling": 336.85, "mass": 210, "english_name": "Astatine", "fun_fact": "Some properties of Astatine are still not known, for example its color.", "model": "element_085_astatine", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIvsczOMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAIEdPQhTAAAA", "type": "Post-transition Metal", "line": 6, "discovery": "1940", "appearance": "unknown, probably metallic", "atomic_mass": 210, "boil": 610, "category": "metalloid", "discovered_by": "Dale R. Corson", "melt": 575, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_085_astatine/element_085_astatine_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_085_astatine/element_085_astatine.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 31, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5", "electron_affinity": 233, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.2, "ionization_energies": [899.003], "cpk-hex": "754f45", "image": {"title": "This is only an illustration, not astatine itself. Crystals similar to iodine, but darker in color than these, which due to the extreme radioactivity glow blue and evaporate to dark purple gas", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/astatine.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/astatine.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Noble Gas", "melting": -71, "group": 18, "name": "Radon", "density": "4.4", "poster": "element_086_radon/element_086_radon_srp_th", "symbol": "Rn", "discoveredby": "", "number": 86, "period": 6, "boiling": -61.7, "mass": 222, "english_name": "Radon", "fun_fact": "Radon can also occur in some ground water like spring waters and hot springs.", "model": "element_086_radon", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTs4tMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAO2h0oZTAAAA", "type": "Noble Gas", "line": 6, "discovery": "1900", "appearance": "colorless gas, occasionally glows green or red in discharge tubes", "atomic_mass": 222, "boil": 211.5, "category": "noble gas", "discovered_by": "Friedrich Ernst Dorn", "melt": 202, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Gas", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_086_radon/element_086_radon_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_086_radon/element_086_radon.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radon_spectrum.png", "summary": "Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days.", "xpos": 18, "ypos": 6, "wxpos": 32, "wypos": 6, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6", "electron_affinity": -68, "electronegativity_pauling": 2.2, "ionization_energies": [1037], "cpk-hex": "428296", "image": {"title": "This is only an illustration, not radon itself. Radon is said to glow red in discharge tubes, although it practically is never used for this, due to its strong radioactivity.", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/radon.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/radon.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Alkali Metal", "melting": 27, "group": 1, "name": "Francium", "density": "", "poster": "element_087_francium/element_087_francium_srp_th", "symbol": "Fr", "discoveredby": "", "number": 87, "period": 7, "boiling": 676.85, "mass": 223, "english_name": "Francium", "fun_fact": "As little as 20\u201330 g (one ounce) exists at any given time throughout the Earth's crust; the other isotopes (except for francium-221) are entirely synthetic.", "model": "element_087_francium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKkxOMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKACC-yq5TAAAA", "type": "Alkali Metal", "line": 7, "discovery": "1939", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 223, "boil": 950, "category": "alkali metal", "discovered_by": "Marguerite Perey", "melt": 300, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_087_francium/element_087_francium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_087_francium/element_087_francium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It used to be known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon.", "xpos": 1, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 1, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 7s1", "electron_affinity": 46.89, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.79, "ionization_energies": [380], "cpk-hex": "420066", "image": {"title": "This is only an illustration, not francium itself.", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/francium.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical ELements A Virtual Museum, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> source: https://images-of-elements.com/francium.jpg"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "melting": 700, "group": 2, "name": "Radium", "density": "5.5", "poster": "element_088_radium/element_088_radium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ra", "discoveredby": "Marie Curie, Pierre Curie", "number": 88, "period": 7, "boiling": 1737, "mass": 226, "english_name": "Radium", "fun_fact": "Radium was formerly used in self-luminous paints for watches, nuclear panels, aircraft switches, clocks, and instrument dials.", "model": "element_088_radium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTs41NxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANMOM0tTAAAA", "type": "Alkaline Earth Metal", "line": 7, "discovery": "1898", "appearance": "silvery white metallic", "atomic_mass": 226, "boil": 2010, "category": "alkaline earth metal", "discovered_by": "Pierre Curie", "melt": 1233, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_088_radium/element_088_radium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_088_radium/element_088_radium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is almost colorless, but it readily combines with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, forming a black surface layer of radium nitride (Ra3N2).", "xpos": 2, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 2, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 7s2", "electron_affinity": 9.6485, "electronegativity_pauling": 0.9, "ionization_energies": [509.3, 979], "cpk-hex": "007d00", "image": {"title": "Radium electroplated on a very small sample of copper foil and covered with polyurethane to prevent reaction with the air", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Radium226.jpg", "attribution": "grenadier, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "s"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1050, "group": 3, "name": "Actinium", "density": "10", "poster": "element_089_actinium/element_089_actinium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ac", "discoveredby": "Andr\u00e9-Louis Debierne", "number": 89, "period": 7, "boiling": 3196.85, "mass": 227, "english_name": "Actinium", "fun_fact": "Actinium glows in the dark with a pale blue light, which originates from the surrounding air ionized by the emitted energetic particles.", "model": "element_089_actinium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIvzio2MRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKACKlgNNTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "line": 7, "discovery": "1899", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 227, "boil": 3500, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Friedrich Oskar Giesel", "melt": 1500, "molar_heat": 27.2, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_089_actinium/element_089_actinium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_089_actinium/element_089_actinium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Ac (not to be confused with the abbreviation for an acetyl group) and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated. Polonium, radium and radon were observed before actinium, but they were not isolated until 1902.", "xpos": 3, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 3, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 6d1 7s2", "electron_affinity": 33.77, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.1, "ionization_energies": [499, 1170], "cpk-hex": "70abfa", "image": {"title": "Actinium-225 medical radioisotope held in a v-vial at ORNL. The blue glow comes from the ionization of surrounding air by alpha particles", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Actinium_sample_%2831481701837%29.png", "attribution": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/oakridgelab/31481701837/"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1754.85, "group": 3.01, "name": "Thorium", "density": "11.7", "poster": "element_090_thorium/element_090_thorium_srp_th", "symbol": "Th", "discoveredby": "J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius", "number": 90, "period": 7, "boiling": 4786.85, "mass": 232.03806, "english_name": "Thorium", "fun_fact": "Thorium dioxide is found in heat-resistant ceramics, such as high-temperature laboratory crucibles.", "model": "element_090_thorium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzjYzMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKALveveZTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1828", "appearance": "silvery, often with black tarnish", "atomic_mass": 232.03774, "boil": 5061, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius", "melt": 2023, "molar_heat": 26.23, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_090_thorium/element_090_thorium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_090_thorium/element_090_thorium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Thorium is a chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90. A radioactive actinide metal, thorium is one of only two significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quantities as a primordial element (the other being uranium). It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian Reverend and amateur mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.", "xpos": 4, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 4, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 6d2 7s2", "electron_affinity": 112.72, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [587, 1110, 1930, 2780], "cpk-hex": "00baff", "image": {"title": "Thorium Metal in Ampoule, corroded", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Thorium-1.jpg", "attribution": "W. Oelen, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1568, "group": 3.02, "name": "Protactinium", "density": "15.37", "poster": "element_091_protactinium/element_091_protactinium_srp_th", "symbol": "Pa", "discoveredby": "", "number": 91, "period": 7, "boiling": 4000.0, "mass": 231.03588, "english_name": "Protactinium", "fun_fact": "Protactinium is one of the rarest and most expensive naturally occurring elements.", "model": "element_091_protactinium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNq8oNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAED6421TAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1913", "appearance": "bright, silvery metallic luster", "atomic_mass": 231.035882, "boil": 4300, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "William Crookes", "melt": 1841, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": "Otto Hahn", "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_091_protactinium/element_091_protactinium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_091_protactinium/element_091_protactinium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume +4 and even +2 or +3 states.", "xpos": 5, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 5, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f2 6d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2", "electron_affinity": 53.03, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.5, "ionization_energies": [568], "cpk-hex": "00a1ff", "image": {"title": "This sample of Protactinium-233 (dark circular area in the photo) was photographed in the light from its own radioactive emission (the lighter area) at the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Protactinium-233.jpg", "attribution": "ENERGY.GOV, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1132.2, "group": 3.03, "name": "Uranium", "density": "17.3", "poster": "element_092_uranium/element_092_uranium_srp_th", "symbol": "U", "discoveredby": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "number": 92, "period": 7, "boiling": 4131, "mass": 238.02891, "english_name": "Uranium", "fun_fact": "The main use of uranium in the civilian sector is to fuel nuclear power plants.", "model": "element_092_uranium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItzs3KMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAJPDv7BTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1789", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 238.028913, "boil": 4404, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", "melt": 1405.3, "molar_heat": 27.665, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_092_uranium/element_092_uranium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_092_uranium/element_092_uranium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons.", "xpos": 6, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 6, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f3 6d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2", "electron_affinity": 50.94, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.38, "ionization_energies": [597.6, 1420], "cpk-hex": "008fff", "image": {"title": "A biscuit of uranium metal after reduction via the Ames Process. c.1943.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Ames_Process_uranium_biscuit.jpg", "attribution": "Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 644, "group": 3.04, "name": "Neptunium", "density": "accepted standard value: 19.38", "poster": "element_093_neptunium/element_093_neptunium_srp_th", "symbol": "Np", "discoveredby": "Edwin McMillan, Philip Abelson", "number": 93, "period": 7, "boiling": 3901.85, "mass": 237.0482, "english_name": "Neptunium", "fun_fact": "Neptunium is used mainly for research purposes.", "model": "element_093_neptunium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNimqNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAC3OqvRTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1940", "appearance": "silvery metallic", "atomic_mass": 237, "boil": 4447, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Edwin McMillan", "melt": 912, "molar_heat": 29.46, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_093_neptunium/element_093_neptunium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_093_neptunium/element_093_neptunium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus.", "xpos": 7, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 7, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f4 6d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2", "electron_affinity": 45.85, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.36, "ionization_energies": [604.5], "cpk-hex": "0080ff", "image": {"title": "Neptunium 237 sphere (6 kg)", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Neptunium2.jpg", "attribution": "Los Alamos National Laboratory,, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 639.4, "group": 3.05, "name": "Plutonium", "density": "16.63", "poster": "element_094_plutonium/element_094_plutonium_srp_th", "symbol": "Pu", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy", "number": 94, "period": 7, "boiling": 3231.85, "mass": 244, "english_name": "Plutonium", "fun_fact": "If you were to touch a small piece of plutonium it would feel warm because of the energy released by alpha decay. A larger piece of the metal could boil water.", "model": "element_094_plutonium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDLLza6qNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANw6n-NTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1940", "appearance": "silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air", "atomic_mass": 244, "boil": 3505, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", "melt": 912.5, "molar_heat": 35.5, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_094_plutonium/element_094_plutonium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_094_plutonium/element_094_plutonium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states.", "xpos": 8, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 8, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f6 7s2", "electron_affinity": -48.33, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.28, "ionization_energies": [584.7], "cpk-hex": "006bff", "image": {"title": "Plutonium Ring", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Plutonium_ring.jpg", "attribution": "Los Alamos National Laboratory, Attribution, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1176, "group": 3.06, "name": "Americium", "density": "", "poster": "element_095_americium/element_095_americium_srp_th", "symbol": "Am", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Ralph A. James", "number": 95, "period": 7, "boiling": 2606.85, "mass": 243, "english_name": "Americium", "fun_fact": "Americium is commonly used in smoke alarms.", "model": "element_095_americium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDIvriipNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAHc_0UtTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1944", "appearance": "silvery white", "atomic_mass": 243, "boil": 2880, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", "melt": 1449, "molar_heat": 62.7, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_095_americium/element_095_americium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_095_americium/element_095_americium.glb", "spectral_img": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Americium_spectrum_visible.png", "summary": "Americium is a radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. This member of the actinide series is located in the periodic table under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T.Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the metallurgical laboratory of University of Chicago.", "xpos": 9, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 9, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f7 7s2", "electron_affinity": 9.93, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.13, "ionization_energies": [578], "cpk-hex": "545cf2", "image": {"title": "A small disc of Am-241 under the microscope.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Americium_microscope.jpg", "attribution": "Bionerd, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1346.85, "group": 3.07, "name": "Curium", "density": "13.51", "poster": "element_096_curium/element_096_curium_srp_th", "symbol": "Cm", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Ralph A. James", "number": 96, "period": 7, "boiling": 3109.85, "mass": 247, "english_name": "Curium", "fun_fact": "Curium isotops are used in the space program as a heat source.", "model": "element_096_curium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS4zMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKACVwvoRTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1944", "appearance": "silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark", "atomic_mass": 247, "boil": 3383, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", "melt": 1613, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_096_curium/element_096_curium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_096_curium/element_096_curium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie \u2013 both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley.", "xpos": 10, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 10, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7 6d1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2", "electron_affinity": 27.17, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.28, "ionization_energies": [581], "cpk-hex": "785ce3", "image": {"title": "A piece of curium, which emitts strong radiation that makes it glow", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/curium-glow.jpg", "attribution": "European Union, The Actinide Group, Institute for Transuranium Elements (JRC-ITU), source: https://images-of-elements.com/curium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 984.85, "group": 3.08, "name": "Berkelium", "density": "", "poster": "element_097_berkelium/element_097_berkelium_srp_th", "symbol": "Bk", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso", "number": 97, "period": 7, "boiling": 2627, "mass": 247, "english_name": "Berkelium", "fun_fact": "Berkelium exists in such small amounts that very little is known about its properties.", "model": "element_097_berkelium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItLsvLNRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAAZLBnRTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1949", "appearance": "silvery", "atomic_mass": 247, "boil": 2900, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "melt": 1259, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_097_berkelium/element_097_berkelium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_097_berkelium/element_097_berkelium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949.", "xpos": 11, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 11, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f9", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f9 7s2", "electron_affinity": -165.24, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [601], "cpk-hex": "8a4fe3", "image": {"title": "It took 250 days to make enough berkelium, shown here (in dissolved state), to synthesize element 117", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Berkelium.jpg", "attribution": "ORNL, Department of Energy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 898.85, "group": 3.09, "name": "Californium", "density": "", "poster": "element_098_californium/element_098_californium_srp_th", "symbol": "Cf", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso", "number": 98, "period": 7, "boiling": 1472, "mass": 251, "english_name": "Californium", "fun_fact": "Californium is easily cut with a razor-blade.", "model": "element_098_californium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItyS6zMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAL-nahpTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1950", "appearance": "silvery", "atomic_mass": 251, "boil": 1743, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "melt": 1173, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_098_californium/element_098_californium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_098_californium/element_098_californium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium).", "xpos": 12, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 12, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f10 7s2", "electron_affinity": -97.31, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [608], "cpk-hex": "a136d4", "image": {"title": "A disc of californium metal (249Cf, 10 mg). The source implies that the disc has a diameter about twice the thickness of a typical pin, or on the order of 1 mm", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Californium.jpg", "attribution": "United States Department of Energy (see File:Einsteinium.jpg), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 860, "group": 3.1, "name": "Einsteinium", "density": "8.84", "poster": "element_099_einsteinium/element_099_einsteinium_srp_th", "symbol": "Es", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso", "number": 99, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 252, "english_name": "Einsteinium", "fun_fact": "Scientists know too little about einsteinium, however, it does pose a threat to human health.", "model": "element_099_einsteinium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MLJIyjDNMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKABceMwxTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1952", "appearance": "silver-colored", "atomic_mass": 252, "boil": 1269, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "melt": 1133, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_099_einsteinium/element_099_einsteinium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_099_einsteinium/element_099_einsteinium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein.", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 13, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f11", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f11 7s2", "electron_affinity": -28.6, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [619], "cpk-hex": "b31fd4", "image": {"title": "300 micrograms of Einsteinium 253, which has a half-life of 20 days.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Einsteinium.jpg", "attribution": "Haire, R. G., US Department of Energy.Touched up by Materialscientist at en.wikipedia., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1526.85, "group": 3.11, "name": "Fermium", "density": "", "poster": "element_100_fermium/element_100_fermium_srp_th", "symbol": "Fm", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso", "number": 100, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 257, "english_name": "Fermium", "fun_fact": "Fermium was first discovered in the fallout from the 'Ivy Mike' nuclear test .", "model": "element_100_fermium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKkzONhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKANmyGFVTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1953", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 257, "boil": null, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "melt": 1800, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_100_fermium/element_100_fermium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_100_fermium/element_100_fermium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is a member of the actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities, although pure fermium metal has not yet been prepared.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 14, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f12", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f12 7s2", "electron_affinity": 33.96, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [627], "cpk-hex": "b31fba", "image": {"title": "Fermium was first observed in the fallout from the Ivy Mike nuclear test.", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg", "attribution": "U.S. Department of Energy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 826.85, "group": 3.12, "name": "Mendelevium", "density": "", "poster": "element_101_mendelevium/element_101_mendelevium_srp_th", "symbol": "Md", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso", "number": 101, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 258, "english_name": "Mendelevium", "fun_fact": "Mendelevium was discovered by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles in 1955, the same method still used to produce it today.", "model": "element_101_mendelevium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNihKMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKABPo88hTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1955", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 258, "boil": null, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "melt": 1100, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelevium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_101_mendelevium/element_101_mendelevium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_101_mendelevium/element_101_mendelevium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the antepenultimate actinide and the ninth transuranic element.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 15, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f13", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f13 7s2", "electron_affinity": 93.91, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [635], "cpk-hex": "b30da6", "image": {"title": "This is only an illustration, not mendelevium itself. Chemically similar to Thulium, the highly radioactive heavy metal emits very energetic \u03b1-radiation.", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/mendelevium.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/mendelevium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 826.85, "group": 3.13, "name": "Nobelium", "density": "", "poster": "element_102_nobelium/element_102_nobelium_srp_th", "symbol": "No", "discoveredby": "Glenn T. Seaborg, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "number": 102, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 259, "english_name": "Nobelium", "fun_fact": "Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles.", "model": "element_102_nobelium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNik2MRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAHY2TLlTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1958", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 259, "boil": null, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": 1100, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_102_nobelium/element_102_nobelium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_102_nobelium/element_102_nobelium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102. It is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of science. A radioactive metal, it is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 16, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f14 7s2", "electron_affinity": -223.22, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [642], "cpk-hex": "bd0d87", "image": {"title": "This is only an illustration, not nobelium itself. Nobelium can only be made in very small amounts and emits strong radiation of various kinds.", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/nobelium.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/nobelium.php"}, "block": "f"}, {"type_localized": "Actinide", "melting": 1627, "group": 3.14, "name": "Lawrencium", "density": "", "poster": "element_103_lawrencium/element_103_lawrencium_srp_th", "symbol": "Lr", "discoveredby": "Albert Ghiorso", "number": 103, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 262, "english_name": "Lawrencium", "fun_fact": "Chemistry experiments have confirmed that lawrencium behaves as a heavier homolog to lutetium in the periodic table, and is a trivalent element. ", "model": "element_103_lawrencium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItijfIMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKADBuvBhTAAAA", "type": "Actinide", "discovery": "1961", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 266, "boil": null, "category": "actinide", "discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "melt": 1900, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_103_lawrencium/element_103_lawrencium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_103_lawrencium/element_103_lawrencium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with chemical symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was used to discover many artificial radioactive elements. A radioactive metal, lawrencium is the eleventh transuranic element and is also the final member of the actinide series.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 10, "wxpos": 17, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 7p1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1", "electron_affinity": -30.04, "electronegativity_pauling": 1.3, "ionization_energies": [470], "cpk-hex": "c70066", "image": {"title": "This is only an illustration, not lawrencium itself. Lawrencium can only be made in very small amounts and emits strong radiation", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/lawrencium.jpg", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/lawrencium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": 2100, "group": 4, "name": "Rutherfordium", "density": "", "poster": "element_104_rutherfordium/element_104_rutherfordium_srp_th", "symbol": "Rf", "discoveredby": "Albert Ghiorso, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "number": 104, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 261, "english_name": "Rutherfordium", "fun_fact": "As a synthetic element, it is not found in nature and can only be created in a laboratory. ", "model": "element_104_rutherfordium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTjGsMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKABWBMwtTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 7, "discovery": "1964", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 267, "boil": 5800, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": 2400, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_104_rutherfordium/element_104_rutherfordium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_104_rutherfordium/element_104_rutherfordium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d - block element and the second of the fourth - row transition elements.", "xpos": 4, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 18, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [580], "cpk-hex": "cc0059", "image": {"title": "Decay traces in a spark chamber, not of rutherfordium, but of a pion. This is a completely different, unrelated particle, but the decay of rutherfordium would make streaks there, too.", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/rutherfordium.jpg", "attribution": "Image \u00a9 CERN, Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/rutherfordium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": "", "group": 5, "name": "Dubnium", "density": "", "poster": "element_105_dubnium/element_105_dubnium_srp_th", "symbol": "Db", "discoveredby": "Albert Ghiorso, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "number": 105, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 262, "english_name": "Dubnium", "fun_fact": "Dubnium does not occur naturally on Earth and is produced artificially.", "model": "element_105_dubnium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDI3STI2NhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAI7WuvJTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 7, "discovery": "1967", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 268, "boil": null, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubnium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_105_dubnium/element_105_dubnium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_105_dubnium/element_105_dubnium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Dubnium is a chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia (north of Moscow), where it was first produced. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of approximately 28 hours.", "xpos": 5, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 19, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": "d1004f", "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/dubnium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": "", "group": 6, "name": "Seaborgium", "density": "", "poster": "element_106_seaborgium/element_106_seaborgium_srp_th", "symbol": "Sg", "discoveredby": "", "number": 106, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": "", "english_name": "Seaborgium", "fun_fact": "Seaborgium as a synthetic element, it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature.", "model": "element_106_seaborgium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItTs82MBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAFfoMZhTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 7, "discovery": "1974", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 269, "boil": null, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_106_seaborgium/element_106_seaborgium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_106_seaborgium/element_106_seaborgium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Seaborgium is a synthetic element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. Its most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A more recently discovered isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightly longer half-life (ca.", "xpos": 6, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 20, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": "d90045", "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/seaborgium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": "", "group": 7, "name": "Bohrium", "density": "", "poster": "element_107_bohrium/element_107_bohrium_srp_th", "symbol": "Bh", "discoveredby": "", "number": 107, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 264, "english_name": "Bohrium", "fun_fact": "The most stable known isotope of bohrium is 270Bh with a half-life of approximately 61 seconds, though the unconfirmed 278Bh may have a longer half-life of about 690 seconds.", "model": "element_107_bohrium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItji-oNBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAH7PE5dTAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 7, "discovery": "1981", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 270, "boil": null, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohrium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_107_bohrium/element_107_bohrium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_107_bohrium/element_107_bohrium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Bohrium is a chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 270Bh, has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds.", "xpos": 7, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 21, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": "e00038", "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/bohrium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Transition Metal", "melting": "", "group": 8, "name": "Hassium", "density": "", "poster": "element_108_hassium/element_108_hassium_srp_th", "symbol": "Hs", "discoveredby": "", "number": 108, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 269, "english_name": "Hassium", "fun_fact": "Hassium is produced artificially and only small amounts have been made.", "model": "element_108_hassium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKilPMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKABZUVt9TAAAA", "type": "Transition Metal", "line": 7, "discovery": "1984", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 269, "boil": null, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung", "melt": 126, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_108_hassium/element_108_hassium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_108_hassium/element_108_hassium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108, named after the German state of Hesse. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 9.7 seconds, although an unconfirmed metastable state, 277mHs, may have a longer half-life of about 130 seconds. More than 100 atoms of hassium have been synthesized to date.", "xpos": 8, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 22, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": "e6002e", "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/hassium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 9, "name": "Meitnerium", "density": "", "poster": "element_109_meitnerium/element_109_meitnerium_srp_th", "symbol": "Mt", "discoveredby": "", "number": 109, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 278, "english_name": "Meitnerium", "fun_fact": "No properties of meitnerium or its compounds have been measured; this is due to its extremely limited and expensive production", "model": "element_109_meitnerium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItNsquMBJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKACUiKW5TAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "1982", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 278, "boil": null, "category": "unknown, probably transition metal", "discovered_by": "Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_109_meitnerium/element_109_meitnerium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_109_meitnerium/element_109_meitnerium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Meitnerium is a chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature that can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 7.6 seconds.", "xpos": 9, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 23, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d7", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": "eb0026", "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/meitnerium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 10, "name": "Darmstadtium", "density": "", "poster": "element_110_darmstadtium/element_110_darmstadtium_srp_th", "symbol": "Ds", "discoveredby": "Sigurd Hofmann", "number": 110, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 281, "english_name": "Darmstadtium", "fun_fact": "Boiling Point and Melting Point for darmstadtium are unknown.", "model": "element_110_darmstadtium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItrkwuMRJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAJC9Up9TAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "1994", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 281, "boil": null, "category": "unknown, probably transition metal", "discovered_by": "Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadtium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_110_darmstadtium/element_110_darmstadtium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_110_darmstadtium/element_110_darmstadtium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Darmstadtium is a chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approximately 10 seconds.", "xpos": 10, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 24, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d8", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/darmstadtium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 11, "name": "Roentgenium", "density": "", "poster": "element_111_roentgenium/element_111_roentgenium_srp_th", "symbol": "Rg", "discoveredby": "Victor Ninov, Sigurd Hofmann", "number": 111, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 282, "english_name": "Roentgenium", "fun_fact": "No one knows for sure what roentgenium looks like.", "model": "element_111_roentgenium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKagsNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAKzIupRTAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "1994", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 282, "boil": null, "category": "unknown, probably transition metal", "discovered_by": "Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgenium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_111_roentgenium/element_111_roentgenium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_111_roentgenium/element_111_roentgenium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); the most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 2.1 minutes. Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany.", "xpos": 11, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 25, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d9", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1", "electron_affinity": 151, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/roentgenium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 12, "name": "Copernicium", "density": "", "poster": "element_112_copernicium/element_112_copernicium_srp_th", "symbol": "Cn", "discoveredby": "Victor Ninov, Sigurd Hofmann", "number": 112, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 285, "english_name": "Copernicium", "fun_fact": "The most stable known isotope, 285Cn, has a half-life of 29 seconds.", "model": "element_112_copernicium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItiTeKNxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKALU0d95TAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "1996", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 285, "boil": 3570, "category": "transition metal", "discovered_by": "Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Liquid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_112_copernicium/element_112_copernicium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_112_copernicium/element_112_copernicium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Copernicium is a chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 29 seconds, but it is possible that this copernicium isotope may have a nuclear isomer with a longer half-life, 8.9 min.", "xpos": 12, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 26, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/copernicium.php"}, "block": "d"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 13, "name": "Nihonium", "density": "", "poster": "element_113_nihonium/element_113_nihonium_srp_th", "symbol": "Nh", "discoveredby": "", "number": 113, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 286, "english_name": "Nihonium", "fun_fact": "All nihonium isotopes are unstable and radioactive.", "model": "element_113_nihonium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDJLKiwoMxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAGVcMrtTAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "2003", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 286, "boil": 1430, "category": "unknown, probably transition metal", "discovered_by": "RIKEN", "melt": 700, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununtrium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_113_nihonium/element_113_nihonium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_113_nihonium/element_113_nihonium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Nihonium is a chemical element with atomic number 113. It has a symbol Nh. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of 20 seconds.", "xpos": 13, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 27, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p1", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1", "electron_affinity": 66.6, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/nihonium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 14, "name": "Flerovium", "density": "", "poster": "element_114_flerovium/element_114_flerovium_srp_th", "symbol": "Fl", "discoveredby": "Yuri Oganessian, Sigurd Hofmann, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions", "number": 114, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 289, "english_name": "Flerovium", "fun_fact": "More recent results show that flerovium's reaction with gold is similar to that of copernicium, showing that it is a very volatile element that may even be gaseous at standard temperature and pressure.", "model": "element_114_flerovium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDJLKsw1MxJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAPvkO5dTAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "1998", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 289, "boil": 420, "category": "post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": 340, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerovium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_114_flerovium/element_114_flerovium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_114_flerovium/element_114_flerovium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998.", "xpos": 14, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 28, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p2", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2", "electron_affinity": null, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/flerovium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 15, "name": "Moscovium", "density": "", "poster": "element_115_moscovium/element_115_moscovium_srp_th", "symbol": "Mc", "discoveredby": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "number": 115, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 289, "english_name": "Moscovium", "fun_fact": "Moscovium is an extremely radioactive element: its most stable known isotope, moscovium-290, has a half-life of only 0.65 seconds.", "model": "element_115_moscovium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItqco2NhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAFEqr4hTAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "2003", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 289, "boil": 1400, "category": "unknown, probably post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": 670, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununpentium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_115_moscovium/element_115_moscovium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_115_moscovium/element_115_moscovium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Moscovium is the name of a synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mc and has the atomic number 115. It is an extremely radioactive element; its most stable known isotope, moscovium-289, has a half-life of only 220 milliseconds. It is also known as eka-bismuth or simply element 115.", "xpos": 15, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 29, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p3", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3", "electron_affinity": 35.3, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/moscovium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 16, "name": "Livermorium", "density": "", "poster": "element_116_livermorium/element_116_livermorium_srp_th", "symbol": "Lv", "discoveredby": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Yuri Oganessian", "number": 116, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 293, "english_name": "Livermorium", "fun_fact": "Livermorium is produced by bombarding Curium with Calcium.", "model": "element_116_livermorium", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKS4qMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAMdw8uhTAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "2000", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 293, "boil": 1085, "category": "unknown, probably post-transition metal", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": 709, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_116_livermorium/element_116_livermorium_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_116_livermorium/element_116_livermorium.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Livermorium is a synthetic superheavy element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nature. The element is named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, which collaborated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to discover livermorium in 2000.", "xpos": 16, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 30, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p4", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4", "electron_affinity": 74.9, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/livermorium.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 17, "name": "Tennessine", "density": "", "poster": "element_117_tennessine/element_117_tennessine_srp_th", "symbol": "Ts", "discoveredby": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Yuri Oganessian", "number": 117, "period": 7, "boiling": 610, "mass": "", "english_name": "Tennessine", "fun_fact": "In 2016, the element was formally added to the periodic table.", "model": "element_117_tennessine", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItqcqtMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAKsxqslTAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "2010", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 294, "boil": 883, "category": "unknown, probably metalloid", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": 723, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessine", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_117_tennessine/element_117_tennessine_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_117_tennessine/element_117_tennessine.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Tennessine is a superheavy artificial chemical element with an atomic number of 117 and a symbol of Ts. Also known as eka-astatine or element 117, it is the second-heaviest known element and penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. As of 2016, fifteen tennessine atoms have been observed: six when it was first synthesized in 2010, seven in 2012, and two in 2014.", "xpos": 17, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 31, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p5", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5", "electron_affinity": 165.9, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/tenessine.php"}, "block": "p"}, {"type_localized": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "melting": "", "group": 18, "name": "Oganesson", "density": "", "poster": "element_118_oganesson/element_118_oganesson_srp_th", "symbol": "Og", "discoveredby": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Yuri Oganessian", "number": 118, "period": 7, "boiling": "", "mass": 294, "english_name": "Oganesson", "fun_fact": "Since 2005, only few (five possibly six) atoms of oganesson have been produced", "model": "element_118_oganesson", "sticky": "H4sIAI6vEmAC_-OQUeLSz9U3MDItKS6qMhJMzkjNzUxOzFFIzUnNTc0rKY5ic04sSsrPO8WIpO4Xo6AzTKErVOEiVqhKAF2nJnZTAAAA", "type": "Unknown Chemical Properties", "line": 7, "discovery": "2006", "appearance": null, "atomic_mass": 294, "boil": 350, "category": "unknown, predicted to be noble gas", "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", "melt": null, "molar_heat": null, "named_by": null, "phase": "Solid", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson", "bohr_model_image": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_118_oganesson/element_118_oganesson_srp_th.png", "bohr_model_3d": "https://storage.googleapis.com/search-ar-edu/periodic-table/element_118_oganesson/element_118_oganesson.glb", "spectral_img": null, "summary": "Oganesson is IUPAC's name for the transactinide element with the atomic number 118 and element symbol Og. It is also known as eka-radon or element 118, and on the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period. Oganesson is currently the only synthetic member of group 18.", "xpos": 18, "ypos": 7, "wxpos": 32, "wypos": 7, "shells": [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8], "electron_configuration": "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6", "electron_configuration_semantic": "*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6", "electron_affinity": 5.40318, "electronegativity_pauling": null, "ionization_energies": [], "cpk-hex": null, "image": {"title": "No Image Found", "url": "https://images-of-elements.com/s/transactinoid.png", "attribution": "Chemical Elements A Virtual Museum under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, source: https://images-of-elements.com/oganesson.php"}, "block": "p"}]
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