VC2017 /permissive- fails on this

atomic.cpp

#include <atomic>
#include <iostream>

struct Parallel_tag {};

template <typename K, typename C>
struct Base {

  typedef int A;
};

template <typename K>
struct Base<K, Parallel_tag> {

    typedef std::atomic<int>  A;
};



template <typename K, typename C>
struct Derived  : Base<K, C> {
  typedef Base<K,C>::A A;

    void fct();
    A a = 0;
};

template <typename K,typename C>
void Derived<K,C>::fct()
{
    ++a;
    std::cout << a << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
  Derived<int,Parallel_tag> d;
    d.fct();
    return 0;
}

In fact VC2019 and VC2022 have the same problem