List of female scientists before the 20th century

gistfile1.txt

Extracted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_scientists_before_the_21st_century

Aglaonike (2nd century BCE), the first woman astronomer in Ancient Greece
Agnodike (4th century BCE), the first woman physician to practice legally in Athens
Arete of Cyrene (5th–4th centuries BCE), natural and moral philosopher, North Africa
Artemisia of Caria (c. 300 BCE), botanist
Aspasia of Miletus (4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist
Cleopatra the Alchemist - identity is unclear, but her book, The Chrysopoeia of Cleopatra, is[1] first recorded as existing in the 2nd century A.D./C.E. in Alexandria.
Diotima of Mantinea (4th century BCE), philosopher and scientist, ancient Greece (sources vary as to her historicity; possibly a fictionalized character based on Aspasia of Miletus)
Enheduanna (c. 2285–2250 BCE), Sumerian/Akkadian astronomer and poet
Hypatia of Alexandria (370–415), mathematician and astronomer, Egypt
Lastheneia of Mantinea, (5th century BCE), one of Plato's only female students
Mary the Jewess (1st or 2nd century CE), alchemist
Merit Ptah (c. 2700 BCE), Egyptian physician
Pythias of Assos (4th century BCE), marine zoologist[citation needed]
Tapputi-Belatekallim ([2] first mentioned in a clay tablet dating to 2000 BCE), Babylonian perfumer, the first person in history recorded as using a chemical process
Theano (6th century BCE), philosopher, mathematician and physician
Abella (14th century), Italian physician
Bettina d'Andrea (d. 1335), Italian lawyer and philosopher
Novella d'Andrea (d. 1333), Italian lawyer
Hildegard von Bingen (1099–1179), German natural philosopher
Dorotea Bocchi (fl. 1390), Italian professor of medicine
Constance Calenda (15th century), Italian surgeon specialising in diseases of the eye[2][3]
Calrice di Durisio (15th century), Italian physician
Jacobina Félicie (fl. 1322), Italian physician
Alessandra Giliani (fl. 1318), Italian anatomist
Rebecca de Guarna (14th century), Italian physician[2][3]
Heloise (12th century), French mathematician and physician[citation needed]
Herrad of Landsberg (c.1130–1195), German/French author of the encyclopedia and technological compendium Garden of Delight
Lilavati (c. 12th century), daughter featured in Bhāskara II's treatise on mathematics, who solves mathematical exercises
Margarita (14th century), Italian physician[3]
Thomasia de Mattio, Italian physician[3]
Mercuriade (14th century), Italian physician and surgeon[2]
Empress Theodora (500–545), Byzantine philosopher and mathematician[citation needed]
Trotula of Salerno (c. 1090), Italian physician
Walborg and Karin Jota (c. 1350), Swedish officials of the court
Anna Åkerhjelm (1647–1693), Swedish traveller and amateur archeologist.
Aphra Behn (1640–1689), British astronomer
Celia Grillo Borromeo (1684–1777), Italian natural philosopher
Sophia Brahe (1556–1643), Danish astronomer and chemist
Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673), natural philosopher
Isabella Cortese, (fl. 1561), Italian alchemist
Marie Crous (fl. 1640), French mathematician
Maria Cunitz (1610–1664), Silesian astronomer
Jeanne Dumée (fl. 1680), French astronomer
Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine (1618–1680), German natural philosopher
Beatriz Galindo (1465–1534), Spanish physician
Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius (1647–1693), astronomer, wife of Johannes Hevelius
Maria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717), naturalist
Tarquinia Molza (1542–1617), Italian natural philosopher
Elena Cornaro Piscopia (1646–1684), Italian mathematician and the first female PhD
Jane Sharp (fl. 1671), British midwife
Elinor Sneshell (fl. 1593), surgeon
Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799), Italian mathematician
Maria Ardinghelli (1728–1825), Italian mathematician and physicist
Anna Atkins (1799–1871), British botanist
Giuseppa Eleonora Barbapiccola (c. 1702–1740), natural philosopher, translator
Laura Bassi (1711–1778), Italian physicist
Margaret Bryan (c. 1760–1815), British natural philosopher
Maria Christina Bruhn (1732–1802), Swedish inventor
Elsa Beata Bunge (1734–1819), Swedish botanist
Maria Medina Coeli (1764–1846), Italian physician.
Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), French mathematician and physicist
Jane Colden (1724–1766), American biologist
Maria Dalle Donne (1778–1842), Italian physician
Marie-Jeanne de Lalande (1760–1832), French astronomer
Eva Ekeblad (1724–1786), Swedish agronomist
Nicole-Reine Lepaute (1723–1792), French astronomer
Dorothea Leporin Erxleben (1715–1762), German physician
Elizabeth Fulhame (fl. 1794), British chemist
Sophie Germain (1776–1831), elasticity theory, number theory
Lucia Galeazzi Galvani (1743–1788), Italian physician
Catherine Littlefield Greene (1755–1814), American inventor
Caroline Herschel (1750–1848), German-British astronomer
Josephine Kablick (1787–1863), Botanist
Maria Margarethe Kirch, (1670–1720), German astronomer
Marie Paulze Lavoisier (1758–1836), French chemist and illustrator
Anna Morandi Manzolini (1716–1774), Italian physician and anatomist
Maria Pettracini (1759–1791), Italian anatomist and physician
Louise du Pierry (1746– fl. 1807), French astronomer
Faustina Pignatelli (d. 1785), Italian physicist
Christina Roccati (1732–1797) Italian physicist
Clotilde Tambroni (1758–1817), Italian philologist and linguistic
Petronella Johanna de Timmerman (1723–1786), Dutch scientist
Wang Zhenyi (astronomer) (1768–1797), Chinese astronomer
Alice Cunningham Fletcher (1838–1923), American ethnologist
Johanna Mestorf (1828–1909), German prehistoric archaeologist
Clémence Royer (1830–1902), French anthropologist
Ellen Churchill Semple (1863–1932), American geographer
Praskovja Uvarova (1840–1924), Russian archaeologist
Annie Jump Cannon (1863–1941), American astronomer
Agnes Mary Clerke (1842–1907), British astronomer
Florence Cushman American astronomer
Williamina Fleming (1857–1911), Scottish/American astronomer
Margaret Lindsay Murray Huggins (1848–1915), British astronomer
Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868–1921), American astronomer
Annie Russell Maunder (1868–1947), Irish astronomer
Antonia Caetana Maury (1866–1952), American astronomer
Maria Mitchell (1818–1889), American astronomer
Sarah Frances Whiting (1846–1927), American astronomer and physicist[4]
Mary Watson Whitney (1847–1921), American astronomer
Anna Winlock (1857–1904), American astronomer
Elizabeth Cary Agassiz (1822–1907), American natural historian
Mary Anning (1799–1847), British natural historian
Isabella Bird Bishop (1831–1904), British natural historian
Mary Agnes Meara Chase (1869–1963), American biologist
Cornelia Clapp (1849–1934), American zoologist
Anna Botsford Comstock (1854–1930), American natural historian
Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt (1859–1928) American pathologist
Amalie Dietrich (1821–1891), German natural historian
Alice Eastwood (1859–1953), American biologist
Rosa Smith Eigenmann (1858–1947), American biologist
Ida Henrietta Hyde (1857–1945), American biologist
Helen Dean King (1869–1955), American biologist
Olive Thorne Miller (1831–1918), American natural historian
Mary Murtfeldt (1848–1913), American biologist
Eleanor Anne Ormerod (1828–1901), British biologist
Edith Marion Patch (1876–1954), American biologist
Beatrix Potter (1866–1943), British mycologist
Mary Jane Rathbun (1860–1943), American marine biologist
Ethel Sargant (1863–1918), British biologist
Annie Lorrain Smith (1854–1937), British lichenologist and mycologist
Nettie Stevens (1861–1912), American geneticist
Mary Treat (1830–1923), American naturalist
Jeanne Villepreux-Power (1794–1871), French marine biologist
Florence Bascom (1862–1945), American geologist
Etheldred Benett (1776–1845), British geologist
Louise Hammarström (1849–1917), Swedish chemist
Mary Engle Pennington (1872–1952), American chemist
Vera Popova (1867–1896), Russian chemist
Ellen Swallow Richards (1842–1911), American industrial and environmental chemist
Anna Sundström (1785–1871), Swedish chemist
Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891), Russian mathematician (partial differential equations, rotating solids, Abelian functions)
Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace (1815–1851), British mathematician
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), British statistician and nurse
Hertha Marks Ayrton (1854–1923), British physicist
Mileva Einstein-Maric (1875–1948), Serbian/Swiss physicist
Margaret Eliza Maltby (1860–1944), American physicist
Mary Somerville (1780–1872), British physicist
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863–1930), American psychologist
Christine Ladd-Franklin (1847–1930), American psychologist
Margaret Floy Washburn (1871–1939), American psychologist
Jane Webb Loudon (1807–1858), Writer of introductory gardening books
Jane Haldimand Marcet (1769–1858), Writer of introductory science books
Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps (1793–1884), American science educator
Ellen Eglui (19th century) inventor
Hanna Hammarström (1829–1909), Swedish inventor
Mary Kies (19th century), American inventor
Emily Roebling (1844–1903), American civil engineer
Lovisa Årberg (1801–1881) first woman doctor and surgeon in Sweden
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836–1917), British physician
Hedda Andersson (1861-1950), Swedish physician
Amalia Assur (1803–1889), Swedish dentist
Sara Josephine Baker (1873–1945), American doctor (child hygiene pioneer)
Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910), American physician
Emily Blackwell (1826–1910 ), American physician
Marie Gillain Boivin (1773–1841), French midwife
Maria Dalle Donne (1778–1842), Italian physician
Marie Durocher (1809–1893), Brazilian obstetrician, midwife and physician
Rosalie Fougelberg (1841–1911), Swedish dentist
Johanna Hedén (1837–1912), Swedish midwife, feldsher and barber.
Maria Jansson (1788–1842), known as Kisamor, Swedish physician
Sophia Jex-Blake (1840–1912), British physician
Emmy Rappe (1835–1896), Swedish nurse
Lucy Hobbs Taylor (1833–1910), American dentist
Isala Van Diest (1842–1916), first female medical doctor and female university graduate in Belgium
Mary Walker (1832–1919), American surgeon
Karolina Widerström (1856–1949), Swedish physician