Following through Steve Losh's post on representing lists as lambdas.

lists.js

/* LISTS */

var empty_list = function(selector) {
    return selector(undefined, undefined, true);
};

var prepend = function(el, list) {
    return function(selector) {
        return selector(el, list, false);
    };
};

var head = function(list) {
    return list(function(h, t, e) {
        return h;
    });
};

var tail = function(list) {
    return list(function(h, t, e) {
        return t;
    });
};

var is_empty = function(list) {
    return list(function(h, t, e) {
        return e;
    });
};

var map = function(fn, l) {
    if (is_empty(l)) {
        return empty_list;
    } else {
        return prepend(fn(head(l)), map(fn, tail(l)))
    }
};

var filter = function(fn, l) {
    if (is_empty(l)) {
        return empty_list;
    } else if (fn(head(l))) {
        return prepend(head(l), filter(fn, tail(l)))
    } else {
        return filter(fn, tail(l))
    }
}

/* BOOLEANS */
var not = function(x) {
    return x === false;
};

var and = function(x, y) {
    if (not(x)) {
        return false;
    } else {
        return y;
    }
};

var or = function(x, y) {
    if (x) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return y;
    }
};

/* NUMBERS */

var zero = empty_list;
var one = prepend(empty_list, empty_list)
var two = prepend(empty_list, prepend(empty_list, empty_list))

var inc = function(n) {
    return prepend(empty_list, n);
};

var dec = function(n) {
    return tail(n);
};

var is_zero = function(n) {
    return is_empty(n);
};

var add = function(x, y) {
    if (is_zero(y)) {
        return x;
    }
    
    return add(inc(x), dec(y));
};

var sub = function(x, y) {
    if (is_zero(y)) {
        return y;
    } else {
        return sub(dec(x), dec(y));
    }
};

var mul = function(x, y) {
    if (is_zero(y)) {
        return zero;
    } else {
        return add(x, mul(x, dec(y)));
    }
};

var pow = function(x, y) {
    if (is_zero(y)) {
        return one;
    } else {
        return mul(x, pow(x, dec(y)));
    }
};

var is_equal = function(x, y) {
    return is_zero(sub(x, y));
};

var less_than = function(x, y) {
    if (and(is_zero(x), is_zero(y))) {
        return false;
    } else if (is_zero(x)) {
        return true;
    } else if (is_zero(y)) {
        return false;
    } else {
        return less_than(dec(x), dec(y));
    }
};

var greater_than = function(x, y) {
    return less_than(y, x);
};

var div = function(x, y) {
    if (less_than(x, y)) {
        return zero;
    } else {
        return inc(div(sub(x, y), y));
    }
};

var rem = function(x, y) {
    if (less_than(x, y)) {
        return x;
    } else {
        return rem(sub(x, y), y);
    }
};

/* MORE LISTS */

var nth = function(l, n) {
    if (is_zero(n)) {
        return head(l);
    } else {
        return nth(tail(l), dec(n));   
    }
};

var drop = function(l, n) {
    if (is_zero(n)) {
        return l;
    } else {
        return drop(tail(l), dec(n));
    }
};

var take = function(l, n) {
    if (is_zero(n)) {
        return empty_list;
    } else {
        return prepend(head(l), take(tail(l), dec(n)));
    }
};

var slice = function(l, start, end) {
    return take(drop(l, start), sub(end, start));
};

var length = function(l) {
    if (is_empty(l)) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        return inc(length(tail(l)));
    }
};

/* TESTS */
head(prepend(5, empty_list))