How to make a website with Python and Django

django-website.sh

# This Gist is a list of resources and commands to accompany The Hackershack YouTube series.

# https://www.youtube.com/@hackershack

# How to make a website with Python and Django - STATIC FRONTEND ASSETS (E06) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzEXSEkS8gM

# For this attempt I am using Linux / Ubuntu and the demo is on a mac, so I will note any differences as I go along

# BASICS (E01)
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rA4X73E_HV0

# How to install ZSH on Ubuntu: 
# https://www.redswitches.com/blog/install-zsh-#ubuntu/#:~:text=Zsh%2C%20or%20Z%20Shell%2C%20is,commands%2C%20and%20improved%20customization%20options.

# Create a directory

Documents mkdir python 
Documents cd python 
mkdir django-website
cd django-website 

# Install pyenv
# Pyenv is an outstanding tool for managing multiple Python installations. 
# Pyenv-virtualenv is a pyenv plugin that facilitates the creation and management of Python virtual environments with pyenv. This is a compelling proposition, making it possible to manage multiple Python versions with pyenv and provide the means to control the Python environment in a more granular manner.
# https://realpython.com/intro-to-pyenv/
# https://medium.com/@derejehinsermu2/install-pyenv-and-pyenv-virtualenv-linux-debian-7568751e2f6e
# Note the change to the following line from the above tutorial - python3-openssl
sudo apt install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python3-openssl git

# Install the pyenv virtualenv plugin
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv/blob/master/README.md
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/73566474/unable-to-locate-package-python-openssl

pyenv install -l # List available versions of Python to install
pyenv install 3.12.2 # Install Python
pyenv versions # Show versions 

pyenv local 3.12.2 # To use locally

# https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html
python -m venv nameOfEnvironment # Create virtual environment
source nameOfEnvironment/bin/activate # Activate virtual environment
deactivate # Deactivate virtual environment

# Open and IDE and create a requirements directory in the django-website directory
# Create prod.txt and dev.txt
# Add the following to dev.txt to include everything that is going to be used in prod.txt
-r prod.txt

# pip is a python package manager
# Pip is included in with Python versions 3.4 and later
# The following command will install requirements for the project
# To start with, nothing will be installed as there are no requirements
pip install -r requirements/dev.txt


# Install Django
(DjangoWebsite) ➜  django-website pip install Django  
Django==5.0.3 # Add the version name to prod.txt
# Check that Django is installed
# Open a python shell
python
>>> import django
>>> # working
>>> print(django.get_version())
5.0.3
### ctrl + c to exit the python shell

# Start project and observer new directory and files in your IDE
django-admin startproject hackershack_website

# manage.py is an entry point for running commands that will help us run and start the server.
python manage.py runserver # start server
# observe boilerplate site at http://localhost:8000/

# Issue with using get rather than post on logout
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77928535/django-can-login-but-cant-logout-405-method-not-allowed

# At this stage it may be worth reminding what action needs to be taken when returning to the project
# 1) Open a terminal in the directory that contains the website folder
# 2) Open the Z shell if you're using it
zsh
# 3) Activate a virtual environment
source DjangoWebsite/bin/activate
# 4) Start the Python server
python manage.py runserver
# 5) Observe web application running locally
http://localhost:8000/

## Docker containerisation

# The Dockerfile contains information about what container to build and what goes into it.
# The Makefile contains a series of short commands that allow access to lenghty Docker commands
# The docker-compose file contains information about what image to use when creating a container as we as ports and migrations

# 1) Build an image
make build
docker image ls

# 2) Create and start a container from an image
make compose-start
docker container ls

## Creating a superuser

# Once the Postgres database is in a container, make compose-manage will need to be used to create a super user
make compose-manage-py cmd="createsuperuser"

## Starting and stopping a container instance
make compose-start
make compose-stop
docker container ls

## Building image and starting docker container from scratch

#  Build the docker image
docker image ls # observe
make build
docker image ls # observe

# Start container from image
docker container ls # observe
make compose-start
docker container ls # observe
make compose-stop
docker container ls # observe
docker volume ls # Notice how the data volume persists
make compose-start

# Observe local site running
http://localhost:8000/
# Observe local Django admin interface - No login has been created at this point
http://localhost:8000/admin/login/

# Create a user on the Postgres database
make compose-manage-py cmd="createsuperuser"
# Attempt login
http://localhost:8000/admin/