I just put the finishing touches on my Raspberry Pi 3 emulation machine running RetroArch. I was not a huge fan of RetroPie due to the reliance on Emulation Station - more moving parts meant that there were more things that could potentially break. I just wanted something that would run raw RetroArch, no frills.
This tutorial is mostly recreated from memory and was most recently tested with a Raspberry Pi 3 running Raspbian Stretch and RetroArch 1.7.7. If there is a mistake or a broken link, PLEASE message me and I will fix it.
I used Raspbian Stretch Lite from this page. Write the image to your SD card using something like Win32 Disk Imager, or if you're using OSX/Linux follow a tutorial on how to write the image using dd.
First things first, you're going to need to get Wi-Fi set up. Follow this tutorial. You will also need to give the GPU at least 128 megabytes of memory in order to properly run the more advanced interfaces, see this tutorial for instructions on how to do that.
After that, make sure your system is totally up to date:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
Unless you live in Great Britain, you will probably not be happy with some of the defaults. Use this to fix your keyboard:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
Use this to fix your locale (choose en_US.UTF-8 if you live in the US):
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
Use this to fix your timezone:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
It's probably a good idea to reboot at this point.
Unlike some other tutorials, I believe in keeping things simple, explaining what flags I'm enabling and why, and not going overboard on bells and whistles or disabling things. So let's get started:
sudo apt install build-essential libasound2-dev libudev-dev
Okay, time out - what are we installing and why?
build-essentialis a meta-package that depends on GCC, libc development libraries, and GNU Make. Essentially it contains the bare minimum needed to compile software on Debian.libasound2-devis ALSA. This library ensures that RetroArch will have sound - kind of important.libudev-devis udev. This library is necessary to ensure compatibility with a wider range of input devices. Without this, my DualShock 3 could be detected, but didn't actually work.
Now that we have libraries, grab the source for the latest stable version of RetroArch. You can find the latest source of RetroArch on the Releases page of the official RetroArch github - you want to copy the link labeled "Source code (tar.gz)". From now on, we are going to assume use of 1.7.7, but this is more than likely not the latest release, so please do check the releases page for the latest version.
curl -LO 'https://github.com/libretro/RetroArch/archive/v1.7.7.tar.gz'
tar -zxvf v1.7.7.tar.gz
cd RetroArch-1.7.7
Now to configure it:
CFLAGS='-mfpu=neon' ./configure --enable-alsa --enable-udev --enable-floathard --enable-neon --enable-dispmanx --disable-opengl1
Okay, time out again - why are we passing these parameters to configure?
CFLAGS='-mfpu=neon'ensures that the--enable-neonoption works, specified later.--enable-alsaensures that we're compiling with ALSA support. If the library isn't installed, the configure script will die screaming instead of disabling the feature.--enable-udevensures that we're compiling with udev support.--enable-floathardensures that RetroArch uses the Pi's built-in hardware Floating Point Unit. Without this, there is the possibility that floating point calculations might be emulated in software, which is much slower.--enable-neonensures that RetroArch can use the Pi's SIMD CPU instructions (called NEON) for extra speed. Some cores take advantage of this.--enable-dispmanxensures RetroArch can use the Pi's Dispmanx support for rendering graphics. Dispmanx is a low-level 2D graphics API unique to the Raspberry Pi's video core which you can use as an efficient alternative to OpenGL. Some emulators run faster with Dispmanx, but the downside is that it is not as featureful as OpenGL (for one, the OSD text at the bottom of the screen won't render), and comes with ugly bilnear filtering enabled by default, though this can be turned off. So we compile with support for both GL and Dispmanx, and you can decide for yourself which one you prefer.--disable-opengl1ensures RetroArch does not attempt to compile support for the legacy OpenGL 1.x standard, which the Pi does not support.
And that's it. Disabling 20 different options is pointless - all you're really saving is binary size. If the configure script completes without errors, you can then:
make
sudo make install
Now that RetroArch is installed, run it:
retroarch
You will be presented with the GUI front-end. You can use the arrow keys to navigate the UI, x to select an option, z to back out, and esc to quit RetroArch completely. We still have a little ways to go, however, until we're completely up and running.
Quit out of RetroArch and edit the ~/.config/retroarch/retroarch.cfg file with your editor of choice - nano is good if you don't have a preference. Look for the line that mentions core_updater_buildbot_url and set it to http://buildbot.libretro.com/nightly/linux/armhf/latest/.
Next, unless you are incredibly lucky your controller probably is not working. Navigate to Online Updater, then Update Autoconfig Profiles and wait for the OSD text to stop flashing. Quit and restart RetroArch to see if your controller was found. If your controller still isn't configured, you might need to go to Settings, then Input, then Input User 1 Binds. It should be self-explanatory from here.
Now, let's test our updated settings. From the main menu, navigate to Online Updater, then Core Updater, and select 2048. Once it's installed, from the main menu, select Load Core then 2048. Finally, select Start Core. If everything went smoothly, you should be able to play a simple game of 2048 to prove that everything is set up correctly. To exit the game, press escape or use the button on your controller that you bound to said functionality.
At this point, you are now ready to follow other RetroArch tutorials that concern importing and playing your games.
Does it bug you that sometimes your Pi will show a blank screen after a period of inactivity, which can only be undone by touching the keyboard? Use your editor of choice to modify /etc/rc.local and put the line setterm -blank 0 before the last line that says exit 0.
If you remember from earlier, we compiled RetroArch with Dispmanx support. To give it a spin and see if you prefer it to the default GL implementation, first ensure that you are using the default rgui menu driver - if you haven't changed your menu driver, you're fine. Next, at the Main Menu select Settings, Driver, then Video Driver and select dispmanx. You must then quit and relaunch RetroArch. If you ever want to go back, go to the same place and select gl instead.
RetroArch gives you many different choices for cores. Sometimes it's a little confusing trying to figure out which core is the best. Here is my suggestions based both on personal experience and other people giving me advice:
- NES: FCEUmm.
- Genesis: Genesis Plus GX. If you get slowdown, try PicoDrive.
- 32X: PicoDrive.
- SNES: Snes9x Next. If you get slowdown, try CATSFC.
There are many libraries missing in Buster. These need to be installed. The following is pretty much everything RA needs.
sudo apt install build-essential libxkbcommon-dev zlib1g-dev libfreetype6-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgles2-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libavcodec-dev libsdl2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libxml2-dev yasm libavformat-dev libavdevice-dev libswresample-dev libavresample-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev libgl*-mesa-dev libegl-dev libgdm-dev libgles-dev