alwynallan · February 22, 2025 16:37 · tedsluis · Jan 17, 2021 · tedsluis · Jan 25, 2021
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
 CC = gcc
 RM = rm -f

 INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS := false

 ifeq ($(INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS),true)
  CFLAGS  = -Wall -DINSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
  LIBS    = -lbcm2835 -lprom -lpromhttp -lmicrohttpd
 else
  CFLAGS  = -Wall
  LIBS    = -lbcm2835
 endif

 TARGET = pi_fan_hwpwm

 all: $(TARGET)

 $(TARGET): $(TARGET).c Makefile
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(TARGET).c $(LIBS)

 install: $(TARGET)
        install $(TARGET) /usr/local/sbin
        cp $(TARGET).service /etc/systemd/system/
        systemctl enable $(TARGET)
        ! systemctl is-active --quiet $(TARGET) || systemctl stop $(TARGET)
        systemctl start $(TARGET)

 uninstall: clean
        systemctl stop $(TARGET)
        systemctl disable $(TARGET)
        $(RM) /usr/local/sbin/$(TARGET)
        $(RM) /etc/systemd/system/$(TARGET).service
        $(RM) /run/$(TARGET).*
        @echo
        @echo "To remove the source directory"
        @echo "    $$ cd && rm -rf ${CURDIR}"
        @echo

 clean:
        $(RM) $(TARGET)
diff --git a/pi_fan_hwpwm.c b/pi_fan_hwpwm.c
 /*
 /
 / pi_fan_hwpwm.c, [email protected] 12/2020, no license
 / latest version: https://gist.github.com/alwynallan/1c13096c4cd675f38405702e89e0c536
 /
 / Need    http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/index.html
 /
 / Compile $ gcc -Wall pi_fan_hwpwm.c -lbcm2835 -o pi_fan_hwpwm
 /
 / Disable $ sudo nano /boot/config.txt            [Raspbian, or use GUI]
 /         $ sudo nano /boot/firmware/usercfg.txt  [Ubuntu]
 /             # dtoverlay=gpio-fan,gpiopin=14,temp=80000 <- commented out, reboot
 /             enable_uart=0                              <- needed? not Ubuntu
 /             dtparam=audio=off                          <- needed? not Ubuntu
 /             dtparam=i2c_arm=off                        <- needed? not Ubuntu
 /             dtparam=spi=off                            <- needed? not Ubuntu
 /
 / Run     $ sudo ./pi_fan_hwpwm -v
 /
 / Forget  $ sudo ./pi_fan_hwpwm &
 /         $ disown -a
 /
 */

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <bcm2835.h>

 //#define INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS do this in the Makefile

 #ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
  // https://github.com/digitalocean/prometheus-client-c
  #define PROM_PORT 8764
  #include <signal.h>
  #include "microhttpd.h"
  #include "prom.h"
  #include "promhttp.h"
  prom_counter_t *pi_fan_hwpwm_loops;
  prom_gauge_t *pi_fan_hwpwm_temp;
  prom_gauge_t *pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm;
 #endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS

 #define PWM_PIN   0  // default, uses both GPIO 13 and GPIO 18
 #define HIGH_TEMP 80.
 #define ON_TEMP   65.
 #define OFF_TEMP  60.
 #define MIN_FAN   150
 #define KICK_FAN  200
 #define MAX_FAN   480

 unsigned pin = PWM_PIN;
 int verbose = 0;
 int fan_state = 0;
 double temp = 25.0;
 pid_t global_pid;
 int pwm_level = -555;

 void usage()
 {
   fprintf
   (stderr,
      "\n" \
      "Usage: sudo ./pi_fan_hwpwm [OPTION]...\n" \
      "\n" \
      "  -g <n> Use GPIO n for fan's PWM input, default 0 (both).\n" \
      "         Only hardware PWM capable GPIO 18 and GPIO 13 are present on\n" \
      "         the RasPi 4B pin header, and only GPIO 18 can be used with\n" \
      "         the unmodified case fan.\n" \
      "  -v     Verbose output\n" \
      "\n"
   );
 }

 void fatal(int show_usage, char *fmt, ...) {
   char buf[128];
   va_list ap;

   va_start(ap, fmt);
   vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
   if (show_usage) usage();
   fflush(stderr);
   exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }

 void run_write(const char *fname, const char *data) {
 // https://opensource.com/article/19/4/interprocess-communication-linux-storage
  struct flock lock;
  lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
  lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
  lock.l_start = 0;
  lock.l_len = 0;
  lock.l_pid = global_pid;
  int fd;
  if ((fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0666)) < 0)
    fatal(0, "failed to open %s for writing", fname);
  if (fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &lock) < 0)
    fatal(0, "fcntl failed to get lock on %s", fname);
  if (ftruncate(fd, 0) < 0)
    fatal(0, "truncate failed to on %s", fname);
  write(fd, data, strlen(data));
  close(fd);
 }

 void PWM_out(int level) {
  if(level > pwm_level && (level - pwm_level) < 5) return;
  if(level < pwm_level && (pwm_level - level) < 10) return;
  if(level != pwm_level) {
    if(pin == 0 || pin == 13) bcm2835_pwm_set_data(1, level);
    if(pin == 0 || pin == 18) bcm2835_pwm_set_data(0, level);
    pwm_level = level;
  }
 }

 void fan_loop(void) {
  if(!fan_state && (temp > ON_TEMP)) {
    PWM_out(KICK_FAN);
    fan_state = 1;
    return;
  }
  if(fan_state && (temp < OFF_TEMP)) {
    PWM_out(0);
    fan_state = 0;
    return;
  }
  if(fan_state) {
    unsigned out = (double) MIN_FAN + (temp - OFF_TEMP) / (HIGH_TEMP - OFF_TEMP) * (double)(MAX_FAN - MIN_FAN);
    if(out > MAX_FAN) out = MAX_FAN;
    PWM_out(out);
  }
 }

 #ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
 void ae1() {
  prom_collector_registry_destroy(PROM_COLLECTOR_REGISTRY_DEFAULT);
 }
 struct MHD_Daemon *mhdDaemon;
 void ae2() {
  MHD_stop_daemon(mhdDaemon);
 }
 #endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS

 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int opt;
  unsigned loop = 0;
  int t;
  FILE *ft;
  char buf[100];

  while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "g:v")) != -1) {
    switch (opt) {
    case 'g':
      pin = atoi(optarg);
      if(pin != 0 && pin != 13 && pin != 18) fatal(0, "Invalid GPIO");
      break;
    case 'v':
      verbose = 1;
      break;
    default:
      usage();
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
  }
  if(optind != argc) fatal(1, "optind=%d argc=%d Unrecognized parameter %s", optind, argc, argv[optind]);

  global_pid = getpid();
  sprintf(buf, "%d\n", global_pid);
  run_write("/run/pi_fan_hwpwm.pid", buf);

  if(!bcm2835_init()) fatal(0, "bcm2835_init() failed");
  if(pin==0 || pin==13) bcm2835_gpio_fsel(13, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_ALT0);
  if(pin==0 || pin==18) bcm2835_gpio_fsel(18, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_ALT5);
  bcm2835_pwm_set_clock(2); // 19.2 / 2 MHz
  if(pin==0 || pin==13) bcm2835_pwm_set_mode(1, 1, 1);
  if(pin==0 || pin==13) bcm2835_pwm_set_range(1, 480);
  if(pin==0 || pin==18) bcm2835_pwm_set_mode(0, 1, 1);
  if(pin==0 || pin==18) bcm2835_pwm_set_range(0, 480);
  PWM_out(0);
 #ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
  prom_collector_registry_default_init();
  pi_fan_hwpwm_loops = prom_collector_registry_must_register_metric(
    prom_counter_new("pi_fan_hwpwm_loops", "Control loop counter.", 0, NULL));
  pi_fan_hwpwm_temp = prom_collector_registry_must_register_metric(
    prom_gauge_new("pi_fan_hwpwm_temp", "Core temperature in Celsius.", 0, NULL));
  pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm = prom_collector_registry_must_register_metric(
    prom_gauge_new("pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm", "Fan speed PWM in percent.", 0, NULL));
  promhttp_set_active_collector_registry(NULL);
  atexit(ae1);
  mhdDaemon = promhttp_start_daemon(MHD_USE_SELECT_INTERNALLY, PROM_PORT, NULL, NULL);
  if (mhdDaemon == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  else                   atexit(ae2);
 #endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS

  while(1) {
    loop++;
    ft = fopen("/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp", "r");
    fscanf(ft, "%d", &t);
    fclose(ft);
    temp = 0.0001 * (double)t + 0.9 * temp;
    if((loop%4) == 0) { // every second
      fan_loop();
      sprintf(buf, "%u, %.2f, %.1f\n", loop/4, temp, (float)pwm_level/(float)MAX_FAN*100.);
      run_write("/run/pi_fan_hwpwm.state", buf);
      if(verbose) fputs(buf, stdout);
 #ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
      prom_counter_inc(pi_fan_hwpwm_loops, NULL);
      prom_gauge_set(pi_fan_hwpwm_temp, temp, NULL);
      prom_gauge_set(pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm, (double)pwm_level/(double)MAX_FAN*100., NULL);
 #endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
    }
    usleep(250000);
  }

  exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 }
diff --git a/pi_fan_hwpwm.service b/pi_fan_hwpwm.service
 [Unit]
 Description=Hardware PWM control for Raspberry Pi 4 Case Fan
 After=syslog.target

 [Service]
 Type=simple
 User=root
 WorkingDirectory=/run
 PIDFile=/run/pi_fan_hwpwm.pid
 ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/pi_fan_hwpwm
 Restart=on-failure

 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
	CC = gcc
	RM = rm -f

	INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS := false

	ifeq ($(INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS),true)
	CFLAGS = -Wall -DINSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
	LIBS = -lbcm2835 -lprom -lpromhttp -lmicrohttpd
	else
	CFLAGS = -Wall
	LIBS = -lbcm2835
	endif

	TARGET = pi_fan_hwpwm

	all: $(TARGET)

	$(TARGET): $(TARGET).c Makefile
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(TARGET).c $(LIBS)

	install: $(TARGET)
	install $(TARGET) /usr/local/sbin
	cp $(TARGET).service /etc/systemd/system/
	systemctl enable $(TARGET)
	! systemctl is-active --quiet $(TARGET) \|\| systemctl stop $(TARGET)
	systemctl start $(TARGET)

	uninstall: clean
	systemctl stop $(TARGET)
	systemctl disable $(TARGET)
	$(RM) /usr/local/sbin/$(TARGET)
	$(RM) /etc/systemd/system/$(TARGET).service
	$(RM) /run/$(TARGET).*
	@echo
	@echo "To remove the source directory"
	@echo " $$ cd && rm -rf ${CURDIR}"
	@echo

	clean:
	$(RM) $(TARGET)
	/*
	/
	/ pi_fan_hwpwm.c, [email protected] 12/2020, no license
	/ latest version: https://gist.github.com/alwynallan/1c13096c4cd675f38405702e89e0c536
	/
	/ Need http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/index.html
	/
	/ Compile $ gcc -Wall pi_fan_hwpwm.c -lbcm2835 -o pi_fan_hwpwm
	/
	/ Disable $ sudo nano /boot/config.txt [Raspbian, or use GUI]
	/ $ sudo nano /boot/firmware/usercfg.txt [Ubuntu]
	/ # dtoverlay=gpio-fan,gpiopin=14,temp=80000 <- commented out, reboot
	/ enable_uart=0 <- needed? not Ubuntu
	/ dtparam=audio=off <- needed? not Ubuntu
	/ dtparam=i2c_arm=off <- needed? not Ubuntu
	/ dtparam=spi=off <- needed? not Ubuntu
	/
	/ Run $ sudo ./pi_fan_hwpwm -v
	/
	/ Forget $ sudo ./pi_fan_hwpwm &
	/ $ disown -a
	/
	*/

	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <stdarg.h>
	#include <bcm2835.h>

	//#define INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS do this in the Makefile

	#ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
	// https://github.com/digitalocean/prometheus-client-c
	#define PROM_PORT 8764
	#include <signal.h>
	#include "microhttpd.h"
	#include "prom.h"
	#include "promhttp.h"
	prom_counter_t *pi_fan_hwpwm_loops;
	prom_gauge_t *pi_fan_hwpwm_temp;
	prom_gauge_t *pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm;
	#endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS

	#define PWM_PIN 0 // default, uses both GPIO 13 and GPIO 18
	#define HIGH_TEMP 80.
	#define ON_TEMP 65.
	#define OFF_TEMP 60.
	#define MIN_FAN 150
	#define KICK_FAN 200
	#define MAX_FAN 480

	unsigned pin = PWM_PIN;
	int verbose = 0;
	int fan_state = 0;
	double temp = 25.0;
	pid_t global_pid;
	int pwm_level = -555;

	void usage()
	{
	fprintf
	(stderr,
	"\n" \
	"Usage: sudo ./pi_fan_hwpwm [OPTION]...\n" \
	"\n" \
	" -g <n> Use GPIO n for fan's PWM input, default 0 (both).\n" \
	" Only hardware PWM capable GPIO 18 and GPIO 13 are present on\n" \
	" the RasPi 4B pin header, and only GPIO 18 can be used with\n" \
	" the unmodified case fan.\n" \
	" -v Verbose output\n" \
	"\n"
	);
	}

	void fatal(int show_usage, char *fmt, ...) {
	char buf[128];
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
	if (show_usage) usage();
	fflush(stderr);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	void run_write(const char fname, const char data) {
	// https://opensource.com/article/19/4/interprocess-communication-linux-storage
	struct flock lock;
	lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
	lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
	lock.l_start = 0;
	lock.l_len = 0;
	lock.l_pid = global_pid;
	int fd;
	if ((fd = open(fname, O_RDWR \| O_CREAT, 0666)) < 0)
	fatal(0, "failed to open %s for writing", fname);
	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &lock) < 0)
	fatal(0, "fcntl failed to get lock on %s", fname);
	if (ftruncate(fd, 0) < 0)
	fatal(0, "truncate failed to on %s", fname);
	write(fd, data, strlen(data));
	close(fd);
	}

	void PWM_out(int level) {
	if(level > pwm_level && (level - pwm_level) < 5) return;
	if(level < pwm_level && (pwm_level - level) < 10) return;
	if(level != pwm_level) {
	if(pin == 0 \|\| pin == 13) bcm2835_pwm_set_data(1, level);
	if(pin == 0 \|\| pin == 18) bcm2835_pwm_set_data(0, level);
	pwm_level = level;
	}
	}

	void fan_loop(void) {
	if(!fan_state && (temp > ON_TEMP)) {
	PWM_out(KICK_FAN);
	fan_state = 1;
	return;
	}
	if(fan_state && (temp < OFF_TEMP)) {
	PWM_out(0);
	fan_state = 0;
	return;
	}
	if(fan_state) {
	unsigned out = (double) MIN_FAN + (temp - OFF_TEMP) / (HIGH_TEMP - OFF_TEMP) * (double)(MAX_FAN - MIN_FAN);
	if(out > MAX_FAN) out = MAX_FAN;
	PWM_out(out);
	}
	}

	#ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
	void ae1() {
	prom_collector_registry_destroy(PROM_COLLECTOR_REGISTRY_DEFAULT);
	}
	struct MHD_Daemon *mhdDaemon;
	void ae2() {
	MHD_stop_daemon(mhdDaemon);
	}
	#endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS

	int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	int opt;
	unsigned loop = 0;
	int t;
	FILE *ft;
	char buf[100];

	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "g:v")) != -1) {
	switch (opt) {
	case 'g':
	pin = atoi(optarg);
	if(pin != 0 && pin != 13 && pin != 18) fatal(0, "Invalid GPIO");
	break;
	case 'v':
	verbose = 1;
	break;
	default:
	usage();
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	}
	if(optind != argc) fatal(1, "optind=%d argc=%d Unrecognized parameter %s", optind, argc, argv[optind]);

	global_pid = getpid();
	sprintf(buf, "%d\n", global_pid);
	run_write("/run/pi_fan_hwpwm.pid", buf);

	if(!bcm2835_init()) fatal(0, "bcm2835_init() failed");
	if(pin==0 \|\| pin==13) bcm2835_gpio_fsel(13, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_ALT0);
	if(pin==0 \|\| pin==18) bcm2835_gpio_fsel(18, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_ALT5);
	bcm2835_pwm_set_clock(2); // 19.2 / 2 MHz
	if(pin==0 \|\| pin==13) bcm2835_pwm_set_mode(1, 1, 1);
	if(pin==0 \|\| pin==13) bcm2835_pwm_set_range(1, 480);
	if(pin==0 \|\| pin==18) bcm2835_pwm_set_mode(0, 1, 1);
	if(pin==0 \|\| pin==18) bcm2835_pwm_set_range(0, 480);
	PWM_out(0);
	#ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
	prom_collector_registry_default_init();
	pi_fan_hwpwm_loops = prom_collector_registry_must_register_metric(
	prom_counter_new("pi_fan_hwpwm_loops", "Control loop counter.", 0, NULL));
	pi_fan_hwpwm_temp = prom_collector_registry_must_register_metric(
	prom_gauge_new("pi_fan_hwpwm_temp", "Core temperature in Celsius.", 0, NULL));
	pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm = prom_collector_registry_must_register_metric(
	prom_gauge_new("pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm", "Fan speed PWM in percent.", 0, NULL));
	promhttp_set_active_collector_registry(NULL);
	atexit(ae1);
	mhdDaemon = promhttp_start_daemon(MHD_USE_SELECT_INTERNALLY, PROM_PORT, NULL, NULL);
	if (mhdDaemon == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	else atexit(ae2);
	#endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS

	while(1) {
	loop++;
	ft = fopen("/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp", "r");
	fscanf(ft, "%d", &t);
	fclose(ft);
	temp = 0.0001 * (double)t + 0.9 * temp;
	if((loop%4) == 0) { // every second
	fan_loop();
	sprintf(buf, "%u, %.2f, %.1f\n", loop/4, temp, (float)pwm_level/(float)MAX_FAN*100.);
	run_write("/run/pi_fan_hwpwm.state", buf);
	if(verbose) fputs(buf, stdout);
	#ifdef INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
	prom_counter_inc(pi_fan_hwpwm_loops, NULL);
	prom_gauge_set(pi_fan_hwpwm_temp, temp, NULL);
	prom_gauge_set(pi_fan_hwpwm_pwm, (double)pwm_level/(double)MAX_FAN*100., NULL);
	#endif //INSTRUMENT_FOR_PROMETHEUS
	}
	usleep(250000);
	}

	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
	}
	[Unit]
	Description=Hardware PWM control for Raspberry Pi 4 Case Fan
	After=syslog.target

	[Service]
	Type=simple
	User=root
	WorkingDirectory=/run
	PIDFile=/run/pi_fan_hwpwm.pid
	ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/pi_fan_hwpwm
	Restart=on-failure

	[Install]
	WantedBy=multi-user.target