test whether exceptions are thrown in different PowerShell error scenarios

errorTest.ps1

Add-Type '
    using System;
    using System.Management.Automation; 
    
    [Cmdlet("Invoke", "ThrowTerminatingError")]
    public class InvokeThrowTerminatingError : Cmdlet 
    {
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=true)]
        public object InputObject { get; set; }

        protected override void ProcessRecord()
        {
            ThrowTerminatingError(
                new ErrorRecord(
                    new Exception("message"),
                    "id",
                    ErrorCategory.NotSpecified,
                    null
                )
            );
        }
    }
' -PassThru | % Assembly | Import-Module

$statement = @{
    'throw' =                 { throw }
    'ThrowTerminatingError' = { 1 | Invoke-ThrowTerminatingError }
    'Write-Error' =           { Write-Error 'error' }
    'Write-Error -ea Stop' =  { Write-Error 'error' -ea Stop }
}.'throw'
$inTry = $false
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Continue'

if ($inTry)
{
    try
    {
        & $statement
        'no exception thrown'
    }
    catch
    {
        'exception thrown'
        throw
    }
}
else
{
    & $statement
    'no exception thrown'
}