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Python Training - September 26-28, 2013
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day1.ipynb
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day2.ipynb
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day3.ipynb
{
"metadata": {
"name": ""
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Python Training - Day 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Problem** Write a program `countpy.py` to print filename and number of lines for each python file in the current directory.\n",
"\n",
"This is should import `linecount` function from wc.py.\n",
"\n",
" import wc\n",
" \n",
" def find_py_files():\n",
" \"\"\"Returns all the .py files in the\n",
" current directory.\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" # TODO\n",
" return []\n",
" \n",
" def main():\n",
" files = find_py_files()\n",
" for f in files:\n",
" print f, wc.linecount(f)\n",
" \n",
" if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
" main()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Installing pip\n",
"\n",
"pip is a program to install third-party modules in Python.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"* Install setuptools first by downloading and running [ez_setup.py](https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py).\n",
"\n",
"* Install pip by downloading and running [get-pip.py](https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py)\n",
"\n",
"**Ubuntu/Debian Linux**\n",
"\n",
" $ sudo apt-get install python-pip\n",
" \n",
"For more instructions look at <http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/installing.html>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Once `pip` is installed, try to install a third-party module using the following module.\n",
"\n",
" pip install tablib"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"On windows, if that didn't work, please try:\n",
"\n",
" C:\\Python27\\Scripts\\pip.exe install tablib"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Python maintains list of third-party packages at https://pypi.python.org/\n",
"\n",
"When we install a package using `pip install`, it downloads it from there and installs it."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import tablib\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 3
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"data = tablib.Dataset()\n",
"data.append([\"A\", 1])\n",
"data.append([\"B\", 2])\n",
"data.append([\"C,D\", 3])\n",
"print data.csv"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"A,1\r\n",
"B,2\r\n",
"\"C,D\",3\r\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 5
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"f = open(\"a.csv\", \"w\")\n",
"f.write(data.csv)\n",
"f.close()\n",
"print \"saved data as a.csv\""
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"saved data as a.csv\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!cat a.csv"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"A,1\r",
"\r\n",
"B,2\r",
"\r\n",
"\"C,D\",3\r",
"\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# lets try saving the data as xls\n",
"\n",
"# use wb when you are saving binary files.\n",
"# this is very important, esp. on windows\n",
"f = open(\"a.xls\", \"wb\")\n",
"f.write(data.xls)\n",
"f.close()\n",
"print \"saved data as a.xls\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"saved data as a.xls\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Problem** Improve the previously written `countpy.py` to write the counts to an excel file instead of printing.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Note: The tablib.Dataset append method takes a list as argument, like this:\n",
"\n",
"<pre>\n",
"data.append([\"foo\", \"bar\"])\n",
"</pre>\n",
"\n",
"not like this:\n",
"\n",
"<pre>\n",
"data.append(\"foo\", \"bar\")\n",
"</pre>\n",
"\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%file countpy.py\n",
"import wc\n",
"import os\n",
"import tablib\n",
" \n",
"def find_py_files():\n",
" \"\"\"Returns all the .py files in the\n",
" current directory.\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" return [f for f in os.listdir(\".\") \n",
" if f.endswith(\".py\")]\n",
"\n",
"def main():\n",
" files = find_py_files()\n",
" \n",
" # create a dataset\n",
" data = tablib.Dataset()\n",
" \n",
" for f in files:\n",
" # append each row to the dataset\n",
" row = [f, wc.linecount(f)]\n",
" data.append(row)\n",
" \n",
" # saving it as csv. \n",
" # You can save as xls if you want\n",
" f = open(\"countpy.csv\", \"wb\")\n",
" f.write(data.csv)\n",
" f.close()\n",
" print \"saved the counts as countpy.csv\"\n",
" \n",
"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
" main()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Overwriting countpy.py\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 13
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python countpy.py"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"saved the counts as countpy.csv\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 14
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Lets try to email this generated csv/xls file to someone.\n",
"\n",
"There is a nice third-party library called `envelops` for sending emails.\n",
"\n",
"Lets install that using:\n",
"\n",
" pip install envelopes\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" # sample program to send email from Python\n",
" from envelopes import Envelope\n",
" \n",
" envelope = Envelope(\n",
" from_addr=\"[email protected]\",\n",
" to_addr=\"[email protected]\",\n",
" subject=\"Hello from Python\",\n",
" text_body=\"Hello Envelope\"\n",
" )\n",
" \n",
" #password = open(\"pw-file.txt\").read().strip()\n",
" pw = \"secret\"\n",
" \n",
" # or ask for the password\n",
" import getpass\n",
" pw = getpass.getpass()\n",
" \n",
" envelope.send('smtp.googlemail.com', \n",
" login='[email protected]',\n",
" password=pw,\n",
" tls=True)\n",
" \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## The `urllib` module"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# The urllib module allows downloading stuff\n",
"# from the web\n",
"import urllib\n",
"\n",
"response = urllib.urlopen(\"http://python.org/\")"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 18
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"contents = response.read()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 21
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"len(contents)"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 22,
"text": [
"20728"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 22
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"contents[:400]"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 24,
"text": [
"'<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd\">\\n\\n\\n<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">\\n\\n<head>\\n <meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\\n <title>Python Programming Language &ndash; Official Website</title>\\n <meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"python programming langua'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 24
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"print response.headers"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Date: Sat, 28 Sep 2013 08:31:25 GMT\r\n",
"Server: Apache/2.2.16 (Debian)\r\n",
"Last-Modified: Fri, 27 Sep 2013 23:36:44 GMT\r\n",
"ETag: \"105800d-50f8-4e765f589bb00\"\r\n",
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n",
"Content-Length: 20728\r\n",
"Vary: Accept-Encoding\r\n",
"Connection: close\r\n",
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 27
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Problem:** Write a program `wget.py` to download the given URL. The program should take the URL as command line argument, download it and save it with the basename of the URL. If the URL ends with `/`, then it should save it as `index.html`.\n",
"\n",
"<pre>\n",
"$ python wget.py http://docs.python.org/tutorial/interpreter.html\n",
"saving http://docs.python.org/tutorial/interpreter.html as interpreter.html.\n",
"\n",
"$ python wget.py http://python.org/\n",
"saving http://python.org/ as index.html\n",
"\n",
"$ python wget.py http://python.org/images/python-logo.gif\n",
"saving http://python.org/images/python-logo.gif as python-logo.gif\n",
"</pre>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Classes and Objects"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We've already used objects a lot."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"x = \"hello\"\n",
"print x.upper()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"HELLO\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 28
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"print len(x.upper())"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"5\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 29
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"x.upper().endswith(\"O\")"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 31,
"text": [
"True"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 31
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"f = open(\"a.txt\")"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 32
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"f"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 33,
"text": [
"<open file 'a.txt', mode 'r' at 0x1057b7780>"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 33
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"f.readline()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "pyout",
"prompt_number": 34,
"text": [
"'first line \\n'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 34
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Example: Bank Account**"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%file bank1.py\n",
"\n",
"balance = 0\n",
"\n",
"def deposit(amount):\n",
" global balance\n",
" balance = balance + amount\n",
"\n",
"def withdraw(amount):\n",
" global balance\n",
" balance = balance - amount\n",
"\n",
"deposit(100)\n",
"print balance\n",
"\n",
"withdraw(10)\n",
"print balance"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Writing bank1.py\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 35
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python bank1.py"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"100\r\n",
"90\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 36
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%file bank2.py\n",
"\n",
"class BankAccount:\n",
" def __init__(self):\n",
" self.balance = 0\n",
" \n",
" def deposit(self, amount):\n",
" self.balance = self.balance + amount\n",
"\n",
" def withdraw(self, amount):\n",
" self.balance = self.balance - amount\n",
" \n",
"x = BankAccount()\n",
"y = BankAccount()\n",
"\n",
"x.deposit(100)\n",
"\n",
"# in a sense, \n",
"# x.deposit(100) is same as \n",
"# BankAcount.deposit(x, 100)\n",
"\n",
"y.deposit(50)\n",
"\n",
"x.withdraw(10)\n",
"y.withdraw(20)\n",
"\n",
"print x.balance, y.balance\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Overwriting bank2.py\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 45
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python bank2.py"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"90 30\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 46
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Problem: Timer**"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Lets say we want to measure time taken by a function.\n",
"import time\n",
"\n",
"def f():\n",
" for i in range(1000):\n",
" g()\n",
" h()\n",
" \n",
"def g():\n",
" sum = 0\n",
" for i in range(1000):\n",
" sum = sum + i * i\n",
" return sum\n",
"\n",
"def h():\n",
" sum = 0\n",
" for i in range(1000):\n",
" sum = sum + i ** 2\n",
" return sum\n",
"\n",
"def main():\n",
" t0 = time.time()\n",
" f()\n",
" t1 = time.time()\n",
" print \"time taken\", t1-t0\n",
" \n",
"main()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"time taken 0.291068077087\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 48
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Now lets say we want to measure time taken \n",
"# by each function separately. How to do that?\n",
"# We create a Timer class.\n",
"\n",
"class Timer:\n",
" def __init__(self):\n",
" self.t0 = 0\n",
" self.elapsed = 0\n",
" self.count = 0\n",
" \n",
" def start(self):\n",
" # remember when the timer is started\n",
" self.t0 = time.time()\n",
" \n",
" def stop(self):\n",
" # time when the timer is stopped\n",
" t1 = time.time()\n",
" \n",
" # find the difference\n",
" dt = t1 - self.t0\n",
" \n",
" self.elapsed += dt\n",
" self.count += 1 \n",
" \n",
" def avgtime(self):\n",
" # average time taken by each \n",
" # start-stop cycle\n",
" return self.elapsed / self.count\n",
" \n",
"def f():\n",
" tf.start()\n",
" for i in range(1000):\n",
" g()\n",
" h()\n",
" tf.stop()\n",
" \n",
"def g():\n",
" tg.start()\n",
" sum = 0\n",
" for i in range(1000):\n",
" sum = sum + i * i\n",
" tg.stop()\n",
" return sum\n",
"\n",
"def h():\n",
" th.start()\n",
" sum = 0\n",
" for i in range(1000):\n",
" sum = sum + i ** 2\n",
" th.stop()\n",
" return sum\n",
"\n",
"tf = Timer()\n",
"tg = Timer()\n",
"th = Timer()\n",
"\n",
"def main():\n",
" f()\n",
" print \"time taken by f\", tf.elapsed\n",
" print \"time taken by g\", tg.elapsed, tg.avgtime()\n",
" print \"time taken by h\", th.elapsed, th.avgtime()\n",
" \n",
"main()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"time taken by f 0.335296869278\n",
"time taken by g 0.141316652298 0.000141316652298\n",
"time taken by h 0.18944478035 0.00018944478035\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 52
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Exceptions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"foo"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "NameError",
"evalue": "name 'foo' is not defined",
"output_type": "pyerr",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-53-d3b07384d113>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mfoo\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'foo' is not defined"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 53
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"open(\"foo.txt\") # opening a file which is not there"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "IOError",
"evalue": "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'foo.txt'",
"output_type": "pyerr",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mIOError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-54-55b95bede01e>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"foo.txt\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# opening a file which is not there\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mIOError\u001b[0m: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'foo.txt'"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 54
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Sometimes we may want to handle these errors\n",
"\n",
"def read_config():\n",
" \"\"\"Looks at config.txt in the current\n",
" directory and load the configuration.\n",
" \"\"\"\n",
" try:\n",
" f = open(\"config.txt\")\n",
" value = f.read()\n",
" except IOError:\n",
" print \"no configuration found. ignoring...\"\n",
" except SomeOtherError:\n",
" pass\n",
" \n",
" \n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"prompt_number": 61
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%file csvsum.py\n",
"\"\"\"Example: Find sum of values in the third\n",
"column of a CSV file.\n",
"\"\"\"\n",
"import sys\n",
"\n",
"def parse_csv(filename):\n",
" return [line.strip().split(\",\") \n",
" for line in open(filename).readlines()]\n",
"\n",
"def safeint(value):\n",
" try:\n",
" return int(value)\n",
" except ValueError:\n",
" print \"WARNING: bad number\", value\n",
" return 0\n",
"\n",
"def find_sum(filename):\n",
" \"\"\"Finds sum of the third column in given\n",
" filename\"\"\"\n",
" rows = parse_csv(filename)\n",
" col3 = [safeint(row[2]) for row in rows]\n",
" return sum(col3)\n",
"\n",
"def main():\n",
" try:\n",
" filename = sys.argv[1]\n",
" except IndexError:\n",
" print \"USAGE: python csvsum.py input.csv\"\n",
" return\n",
" \n",
" try:\n",
" print find_sum(filename)\n",
" except IOError:\n",
" print \"file not found:\", filename\n",
"\n",
"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
" main()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Overwriting csvsum.py\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 82
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python csvsum.py foo.csv"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"file not found: foo.csv\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 68
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%file col3.csv\n",
"a,aa,1\n",
"b,bb,2\n",
"c,cc,N/A\n",
"d,dd,4"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Overwriting col3.csv\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 86
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python csvsum.py col3.csv"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"WARNING: bad number N/A\r\n",
"7\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 87
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python csvsum.py "
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"USAGE: python csvsum.py input.csv\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 83
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The case of rows with less than 3 columns is not handled. Can you try fixing that?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Defining our own exceptions**"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%file bank3.py\n",
"\n",
"class InsufficientBalanceError(Exception):\n",
" pass\n",
"\n",
"class BankAccount:\n",
" def __init__(self):\n",
" self.balance = 0\n",
" \n",
" def deposit(self, amount):\n",
" self.balance = self.balance + amount\n",
"\n",
" def withdraw(self, amount):\n",
" if self.balance < amount:\n",
" raise InsufficientBalanceError(\"low balance\")\n",
" self.balance = self.balance - amount\n",
" \n",
"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
" x = BankAccount()\n",
" x.deposit(100)\n",
" x.withdraw(40)\n",
" x.withdraw(70)\n",
" print x.balance\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Overwriting bank3.py\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 92
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python bank3.py"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Traceback (most recent call last):\r\n",
" File \"bank3.py\", line 21, in <module>\r\n",
" x.withdraw(70)\r\n",
" File \"bank3.py\", line 14, in withdraw\r\n",
" raise InsufficientBalanceError(\"low balance\")\r\n",
"__main__.InsufficientBalanceError: low balance\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 93
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Writing Unittests"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"%%file test_bank3.py\n",
"\n",
"import unittest\n",
"from bank3 import BankAccount\n",
"\n",
"class TestBankAccount(unittest.TestCase):\n",
" def setUp(self):\n",
" print \"setUp: before each test\"\n",
"\n",
" def tearDown(self):\n",
" print \"tearDown: after each test\"\n",
" \n",
" def test_initial(self):\n",
" print \"test_initial\"\n",
" b = BankAccount()\n",
" self.assertEquals(b.balance, 0)\n",
"\n",
" def test_deposit(self):\n",
" print \"test_deposit\" \n",
" b = BankAccount()\n",
" b.deposit(100)\n",
" self.assertEquals(b.balance, 101)\n",
"\n",
" \n",
"if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
" unittest.main()\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Overwriting test_bank3.py\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 104
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python test_bank3.py"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"setUp: before each test\r\n",
"test_deposit\r\n",
"FtearDown: after each test\r\n",
"setUp: before each test\r\n",
"test_initial\r\n",
"tearDown: after each test\r\n",
".\r\n",
"======================================================================\r\n",
"FAIL: test_deposit (__main__.TestBankAccount)\r\n",
"----------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n",
"Traceback (most recent call last):\r\n",
" File \"test_bank3.py\", line 21, in test_deposit\r\n",
" self.assertEquals(b.balance, 101)\r\n",
"AssertionError: 100 != 101\r\n",
"\r\n",
"----------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n",
"Ran 2 tests in 0.000s\r\n",
"\r\n",
"FAILED (failures=1)\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 105
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"!python test_bank3.py -v"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"test_deposit (__main__.TestBankAccount) ... ok\r\n",
"test_initial (__main__.TestBankAccount) ... ok\r\n",
"\r\n",
"----------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n",
"Ran 2 tests in 0.000s\r\n",
"\r\n",
"OK\r\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 101
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Things to discuss in the mailing list:\n",
"\n",
"* bangpypers - [email protected] - http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/bangpypers\n",
"* Parsing XML\n",
"* Using modules globally\n",
"* urllib with login\n",
"* parsing HTML\n",
"* Django\n",
"* Regular Expressions\n",
"* matplotlib\n",
"* handling unicode\n",
"* py.test\n",
"* iterators\n",
"* More problems to solve"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": []
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}
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