andrewrcollins · January 11, 2012 04:44
diff --git a/ppg.txt b/ppg.txt
 GLYCOLS ~ Propylene Glycol. Glycerin. Ethylene Glycol. Carbitol. Diethylene Glycol. Glycol literally means "glycerin" plus "alcohol." A group of syrupy alcohols derived from hydrocarbons and used in foods as emulsifiers and in chewing-gum bases and in cosmetics as humectants. The FDA cautions manufacturers that glycols may cause adverse reactions in users. Propylene glycol and glycerin are considered safe. Other glycols in low concentrations may be harmless for external application but ethylene glycol, carbitol, and diethylene glycol are hazardous in concentrations exceeding 5 percent even in preparations for use on small areas of the body. Wetting additives increase the absorption of glycols and therefore their toxicity.

 HUMECTANT ~ A substance used to preserve the moisture content of materials and used to preserve moisture in confections and tobacco. Glycerin, propylene, glycol, and sorbitol are widely used humectants. See individual substances for toxicity.

 ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATE ~ See Stearic Acid and Propylene Glycol.

 POLYOLS ~ Alcohol compounds that absorb moisture. They have a low molecular weight: polyols with a weight above 1,000 are solid and less toxic than those with weight 600 or below. The latter are liquid, and although higher in toxicity, large doses are required to kill animals. Such deaths in animals have been found to be due to kidney damage. See Propylene Glycol and Polyethylene Glycol as examples.

 PPG ~ The abbreviation for propylene glycol.

 PROPAN-1,2-DIOL ~ See Propylene Glycol.

 PROPAN-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS ~ See Esters of Fatty Acids and Propylene Glycol.

 PROPYLENE GLYCOL ~ 1,2-Propanediol. A clear, colorless, viscous liquid, slightly bitter tasting. In food, it is used in confectionery, chocolate products, ice cream emulsifiers, shredded coconut, beverages, baked goods, toppings, icings, and meat products to prevent discoloration during storage. Defoaming additive in processed beet sugar and yeast. Used in antifreeze in breweries and dairy establishments. It is the most common moisture-carrying vehicle other than water itself in cosmetics. Its use is being reduced and replaced by safer glycols such as butylene and polyethylene glycol. Large oral doses in animals have been reported to cause central nervous system depression and slight kidney changes. Propylene glycol and some other glycol compounds are used as solvents for the active ingredients in trans-dermal patches that are used to put medications through the skin.

 PROPYLENE GLYCOL ALGINATE ~ Kelcloid. The propylene glycol ester of alginic acid, derived from seaweed. Used as a stabilizer, filler, and defoaming additive in food. Cleared for use in French dressing and salad dressing under food standard regulations. Used as a stabilizer in ice cream, frozen custard, ice milk, fruit sherbet, and water ices, it is permitted up to 0.5 percent of the weight of the finished product. Can cause allergic reactions. The final report to the FDA of the Select Committee on GRAS Substances stated in 1980 that there is no available evidence that it is a hazard to the public when used as it is now and it should continue its GRAS status with limitations on amounts that can be added to food.

 PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE ~ Preservative. See Benzoic Acid.

 PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONO- and DIESTERS OF FATS and FATTY ACIDS ~ Emulsifiers.

 PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE ~ Cream-colored wax that disperses in water and is soluble in hot alcohol. It is used as a lubricating additive and emulsifier; also a dough conditioner in baked goods. Employed as a stabilizer of essential oils. Slightly more toxic than propylene glycol in animals and in large doses produces central nervous system depression and kidney injury.

 PROPYLENE GLYCOL STEARATE ~ Cream-colored wax. Disperses in water, soluble in hot alcohol. Widely used lubricating ingredient and emulsifier and stabilizer of essential oils.

 THALOSE ~ A blend of food-grade acidulants that contains propylene glycol and citric, lactic, phosphoric, and tartaric acids, and water and salt. Adding this compound to sugar permits a reduction in the amount required to achieve a desired sweetness (1 ounce of liquid thalose added to 32 pounds of sugar causes the perceived sweetness to be increased by 90 percent). One pint added to sugar will result in a saving of 500 pounds of sugar without reducing sweetness. Thalose itself is not sweet and does not alter the flavor or aroma of the foods to which it is added. It does not contribute calories but will reduce the caloric level of the end product by lowering the amount of carbohydrates in the compound. Thalose can be used in beverages, bakery and confectionery products, and in ice cream, as long as the physical properties of the sugar are not needed (sugar is often used as a thickening additive and texturizer). All of the substances contained in this extender are GRAS and comply with the FDA provision for food-grade ingredients.
	GLYCOLS ~ Propylene Glycol. Glycerin. Ethylene Glycol. Carbitol. Diethylene Glycol. Glycol literally means "glycerin" plus "alcohol." A group of syrupy alcohols derived from hydrocarbons and used in foods as emulsifiers and in chewing-gum bases and in cosmetics as humectants. The FDA cautions manufacturers that glycols may cause adverse reactions in users. Propylene glycol and glycerin are considered safe. Other glycols in low concentrations may be harmless for external application but ethylene glycol, carbitol, and diethylene glycol are hazardous in concentrations exceeding 5 percent even in preparations for use on small areas of the body. Wetting additives increase the absorption of glycols and therefore their toxicity.

	HUMECTANT ~ A substance used to preserve the moisture content of materials and used to preserve moisture in confections and tobacco. Glycerin, propylene, glycol, and sorbitol are widely used humectants. See individual substances for toxicity.

	ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATE ~ See Stearic Acid and Propylene Glycol.

	POLYOLS ~ Alcohol compounds that absorb moisture. They have a low molecular weight: polyols with a weight above 1,000 are solid and less toxic than those with weight 600 or below. The latter are liquid, and although higher in toxicity, large doses are required to kill animals. Such deaths in animals have been found to be due to kidney damage. See Propylene Glycol and Polyethylene Glycol as examples.

	PPG ~ The abbreviation for propylene glycol.

	PROPAN-1,2-DIOL ~ See Propylene Glycol.

	PROPAN-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS ~ See Esters of Fatty Acids and Propylene Glycol.

	PROPYLENE GLYCOL ~ 1,2-Propanediol. A clear, colorless, viscous liquid, slightly bitter tasting. In food, it is used in confectionery, chocolate products, ice cream emulsifiers, shredded coconut, beverages, baked goods, toppings, icings, and meat products to prevent discoloration during storage. Defoaming additive in processed beet sugar and yeast. Used in antifreeze in breweries and dairy establishments. It is the most common moisture-carrying vehicle other than water itself in cosmetics. Its use is being reduced and replaced by safer glycols such as butylene and polyethylene glycol. Large oral doses in animals have been reported to cause central nervous system depression and slight kidney changes. Propylene glycol and some other glycol compounds are used as solvents for the active ingredients in trans-dermal patches that are used to put medications through the skin.

	PROPYLENE GLYCOL ALGINATE ~ Kelcloid. The propylene glycol ester of alginic acid, derived from seaweed. Used as a stabilizer, filler, and defoaming additive in food. Cleared for use in French dressing and salad dressing under food standard regulations. Used as a stabilizer in ice cream, frozen custard, ice milk, fruit sherbet, and water ices, it is permitted up to 0.5 percent of the weight of the finished product. Can cause allergic reactions. The final report to the FDA of the Select Committee on GRAS Substances stated in 1980 that there is no available evidence that it is a hazard to the public when used as it is now and it should continue its GRAS status with limitations on amounts that can be added to food.

	PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE ~ Preservative. See Benzoic Acid.

	PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONO- and DIESTERS OF FATS and FATTY ACIDS ~ Emulsifiers.

	PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOSTEARATE ~ Cream-colored wax that disperses in water and is soluble in hot alcohol. It is used as a lubricating additive and emulsifier; also a dough conditioner in baked goods. Employed as a stabilizer of essential oils. Slightly more toxic than propylene glycol in animals and in large doses produces central nervous system depression and kidney injury.

	PROPYLENE GLYCOL STEARATE ~ Cream-colored wax. Disperses in water, soluble in hot alcohol. Widely used lubricating ingredient and emulsifier and stabilizer of essential oils.

	THALOSE ~ A blend of food-grade acidulants that contains propylene glycol and citric, lactic, phosphoric, and tartaric acids, and water and salt. Adding this compound to sugar permits a reduction in the amount required to achieve a desired sweetness (1 ounce of liquid thalose added to 32 pounds of sugar causes the perceived sweetness to be increased by 90 percent). One pint added to sugar will result in a saving of 500 pounds of sugar without reducing sweetness. Thalose itself is not sweet and does not alter the flavor or aroma of the foods to which it is added. It does not contribute calories but will reduce the caloric level of the end product by lowering the amount of carbohydrates in the compound. Thalose can be used in beverages, bakery and confectionery products, and in ice cream, as long as the physical properties of the sugar are not needed (sugar is often used as a thickening additive and texturizer). All of the substances contained in this extender are GRAS and comply with the FDA provision for food-grade ingredients.