overhead of hello world in C, C++, Zig

strace_c.txt

andy@ark ~/tmp> gcc -o hello hello.c
andy@ark ~/tmp> strace ./hello
execve("./hello", ["./hello"], 0x7ffe96b5ddb0 /* 62 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x2129000
access("/etc/ld-nix.so.preload", R_OK)  = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell/x86_64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell/x86_64", 0x7fff2bd55cc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell", 0x7fff2bd55cc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/x86_64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/x86_64", 0x7fff2bd55cc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls", 0x7fff2bd55cc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell/x86_64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell/x86_64", 0x7fff2bd55cc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell", 0x7fff2bd55cc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/x86_64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/x86_64", 0x7fff2bd55cc0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\240>\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0555, st_size=2056024, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe50c46c000
mmap(NULL, 1828160, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe50c2ad000
mprotect(0x7fe50c2cf000, 1650688, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fe50c2cf000, 1327104, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x22000) = 0x7fe50c2cf000
mmap(0x7fe50c413000, 319488, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x166000) = 0x7fe50c413000
mmap(0x7fe50c462000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b4000) = 0x7fe50c462000
mmap(0x7fe50c468000, 13632, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe50c468000
close(3)                                = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fe50c46d540) = 0
mprotect(0x7fe50c462000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x403000, 4096, PROT_READ)     = 0
mprotect(0x7fe50c496000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(0x88, 0xa), ...}) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x2129000
brk(0x214a000)                          = 0x214a000
write(1, "Hello, World!\n", 14Hello, World!
)         = 14
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

strace_cpp.txt

andy@ark ~/tmp> g++ -o hello hello.cpp
andy@ark ~/tmp> strace ./hello
execve("./hello", ["./hello"], 0x7ffe460aa220 /* 62 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0xa33000
access("/etc/ld-nix.so.preload", R_OK)  = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/haswell", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/tls", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/haswell", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0555, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls/haswell/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls/haswell/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls/haswell", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/tls", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/haswell/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/haswell/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/haswell/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/haswell", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/x86_64/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat("/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/x86_64", 0x7ffdb0f983b0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/danv012gh0aakh8xnk2b35vahklz72mk-gcc-9.2.0-lib/lib/libstdc++.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0@\17\n\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0555, st_size=1948144, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f6eca8de000
mmap(NULL, 1963616, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f6eca6fe000
mmap(0x7f6eca79b000, 950272, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x9d000) = 0x7f6eca79b000
mmap(0x7f6eca883000, 303104, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x185000) = 0x7f6eca883000
mmap(0x7f6eca8cd000, 57344, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1ce000) = 0x7f6eca8cd000
mmap(0x7f6eca8db000, 9824, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f6eca8db000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/libm.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\320\301\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0555, st_size=1405472, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 1306648, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f6eca5be000
mmap(0x7f6eca5ca000, 618496, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xc000) = 0x7f6eca5ca000
mmap(0x7f6eca661000, 634880, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xa3000) = 0x7f6eca661000
mmap(0x7f6eca6fc000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x13d000) = 0x7f6eca6fc000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/libgcc_s.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\3402\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=112336, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 103120, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f6eca5a4000
mprotect(0x7f6eca5a7000, 86016, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f6eca5a7000, 69632, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7f6eca5a7000
mmap(0x7f6eca5b8000, 12288, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x14000) = 0x7f6eca5b8000
mmap(0x7f6eca5bc000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x17000) = 0x7f6eca5bc000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/nix/store/xg6ilb9g9zhi2zg1dpi4zcp288rhnvns-glibc-2.30/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\240>\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0555, st_size=2056024, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 1828160, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f6eca3e5000
mprotect(0x7f6eca407000, 1650688, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f6eca407000, 1327104, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x22000) = 0x7f6eca407000
mmap(0x7f6eca54b000, 319488, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x166000) = 0x7f6eca54b000
mmap(0x7f6eca59a000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b4000) = 0x7f6eca59a000
mmap(0x7f6eca5a0000, 13632, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f6eca5a0000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f6eca3e3000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f6eca3e3f40) = 0
mprotect(0x7f6eca59a000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f6eca5bc000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f6eca6fc000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f6eca3e1000
mprotect(0x7f6eca8cd000, 53248, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x403000, 4096, PROT_READ)     = 0
mprotect(0x7f6eca908000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0xa33000
brk(0xa54000)                           = 0xa54000
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(0x88, 0xa), ...}) = 0
write(1, "Hello World!\n", 13Hello World!
)          = 13
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

strace_zig.txt

andy@ark ~/tmp> zig build-exe hello.zig
andy@ark ~/tmp> strace ./hello
execve("./hello", ["./hello"], 0x7ffe33c09220 /* 62 vars */) = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x23b478)       = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGSEGV, {sa_handler=0x22f8c0, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_RESETHAND|SA_SIGINFO, sa_restorer=0x204640}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGILL, {sa_handler=0x22f8c0, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_RESETHAND|SA_SIGINFO, sa_restorer=0x204640}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGBUS, {sa_handler=0x22f8c0, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_RESETHAND|SA_SIGINFO, sa_restorer=0x204640}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
write(1, "hello", 5hello)                    = 5
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++