git help
Initialize Git:
git init
Get everything ready to commit:
git add .
Get custom file ready to commit:
git add index.html
Commit changes:
git commit -m "Message"
Add and commit in one step:
git commit -am "Message"
Remove files from Git:
git rm index.html
Update all changes:
git add -u
Remove file but do not track anymore:
git rm --cached index.html
Move or rename files:
git mv index.html dir/index_new.html
Undo modifications (restore files from latest commited version):
git checkout -- index.html
Restore file from a custom commit (in current branch):
git checkout 6eb715d -- index.html
Go back to commit:
git revert 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Soft reset (move HEAD only; neither staging nor working dir is changed):
git reset --soft 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Undo latest commit: git reset --soft HEAD~
Mixed reset (move HEAD and change staging to match repo; does not affect working dir):
git reset --mixed 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Hard reset (move HEAD and change staging dir and working dir to match repo):
git reset --hard 073791e7dd71b90daa853b2c5acc2c925f02dbc6
Test-Delete untracked files:
git clean -n
Delete untracked files (not staging):
git clean -f
Unstage (undo adds):
git reset HEAD index.html
Commit to most recent commit:
git commit --amend -m "Message"
Update most recent commit message:
git commit --amend -m "New Message"
Show branches:
git branch
Create branch:
git branch branchname
Change to branch:
git checkout branchname
Create and change to new branch:
git checkout -b branchname
Rename branch:
git branch -m branchname new_branchname or:
git branch --move branchname new_branchname
Show all completely merged branches with current branch:
git branch --merged
Delete merged branch (only possible if not HEAD):
git branch -d branchname or:
git branch --delete branchname
Delete not merged branch:
git branch -D branch_to_delete
True merge (fast forward):
git merge branchname
Merge to master (only if fast forward):
git merge --ff-only branchname
Merge to master (force a new commit):
git merge --no-ff branchname
Stop merge (in case of conflicts):
git merge --abort
Stop merge (in case of conflicts):
git reset --merge // prior to v1.7.4
Merge only one specific commit:
git cherry-pick 073791e7
this is used to put together some commits in just one
i.e. if I want to merge to stage:
go to stage branch
git merge --squash origin/444_productClickFix
then write a new commit and then push
Put in stash:
git stash save "Message"
Show stash:
git stash list
Show stash stats:
git stash show stash@{0}
Show stash changes:
git stash show -p stash@{0}
Use custom stash item and drop it:
git stash pop stash@{0}
Use custom stash item and do not drop it:
git stash apply stash@{0}
Delete custom stash item:
git stash drop stash@{0}
Delete complete stash:
git stash clear
About: https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files
Useful templates: https://github.com/github/gitignore
Add or edit gitignore:
nano .gitignore
Track empty dir:
touch dir/.gitkeep
Show commits:
git log
Show oneline-summary of commits:
git log --oneline
Show oneline-summary of commits with full SHA-1:
git log --format=oneline
Show oneline-summary of the last three commits:
git log --oneline -3
Show only custom commits:
git log --author="Sven"
git log --grep="Message"
git log --until=2013-01-01
git log --since=2013-01-01
Show only custom data of commit:
git log --format=short
git log --format=full
git log --format=fuller
git log --format=email
git log --format=raw
Show changes:
git log -p
Show every commit since special commit for custom file only:
git log 6eb715d.. index.html
Show changes of every commit since special commit for custom file only:
git log -p 6eb715d.. index.html
Show stats and summary of commits:
git log --stat --summary
Show history of commits as graph:
git log --graph
Show history of commits as graph-summary:
git log --oneline --graph --all --decorate
Compare modified files:
git diff
Compare modified files and highlight changes only:
git diff --color-words index.html
Compare modified files within the staging area:
git diff --staged
Compare branches:
git diff master..branchname
Compare branches like above:
git diff --color-words master..branchname^
Compare commits:
git diff 6eb715d
git diff 6eb715d..HEAD
git diff 6eb715d..537a09f
Compare commits of file:
git diff 6eb715d index.html
git diff 6eb715d..537a09f index.html
Compare without caring about spaces:
git diff -b 6eb715d..HEAD or:
git diff --ignore-space-change 6eb715d..HEAD
Compare without caring about all spaces:
git diff -w 6eb715d..HEAD or:
git diff --ignore-all-space 6eb715d..HEAD
Useful comparings:
git diff --stat --summary 6eb715d..HEAD
Blame:
git blame -L10,+1 index.html
Show all released versions:
git tag
Show all released versions with comments:
git tag -l -n1
Create release version:
git tag v1.0.0
Create release version with comment:
git tag -a v1.0.0 -m 'Message'
Checkout a specific release version:
git checkout v1.0.0
Show remote:
git remote
Show remote details:
git remote -v
Add remote origin from GitHub project:
git remote add origin https://github.com/user/project.git
Add remote origin from existing empty project on server:
git remote add origin ssh://[email protected]/path/to/repository/.git
Remove origin:
git remote rm origin
Show remote branches:
git branch -r
Show all branches:
git branch -a
Compare:
git diff origin/master..master
Push (set default with -u):
git push -u origin master
Push to default:
git push origin master
Fetch:
git fetch origin
Fetch a custom branch:
git fetch origin branchname:local_branchname
Pull:
git pull
Pull specific branch:
git pull origin branchname
Merge fetched commits:
git merge origin/master
Clone to localhost:
git clone https://github.com/user/project.git or:
git clone ssh://[email protected]/~/dir/.git
Clone to localhost folder:
git clone https://github.com/user/project.git ~/dir/folder
Clone specific branch to localhost:
git clone -b branchname https://github.com/user/project.git
Delete remote branch (push nothing):
git push origin :branchname or:
git push origin --delete branchname
View all commits by specific author:
https://github.com/styladev/layoutEngine/commits/stage?author=antoniocosentino
https://github.com/styladev/ferret-embed/commits/[email protected]
Undo commit pushed by accident:
git push -f origin HEAD^:master
Prune local branches that don't exist on remote:
git branch -r | awk '{print $1}' | egrep -v -f /dev/fd/0 <(git branch -vv | grep origin) | awk '{print $1}' | xargs git branch -d
Signed commit:
git commit -S -m "the message"
Merging with rebasing (i.e. from stage to master)
- go to master
git fetch -apgit reset --hard origin/stagegit push
if there are problems (maybe because of cherry-picks) you can force push:
git push -f
Merging without merge commit
git merge v1.0 --no-commit --no-ff
$ git rebase -i HEAD~4
(4 is the number of commits that needs to be included)
$ git push origin branch-name --force
Helpful hint: You can always edit your last commit message, before pushing, by using:
$ git commit --amend
To rebase from the very beginning:
$ git rebase -i --root
git checkout -b new_clean_branch
git merge original_messy_branch
git reset --soft main
git commit -m "Squashed changes from original_messy_branch"
git commit --amend --date="now"
Or, even better, this is to specify a specific date. It will change the committer date as well, not only the author date
GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="Tue 25 Jul 2021 23:18:11 CET" git commit --amend --no-edit --date "Tue 25 Jul 2021 23:18:11 CET"
$ git rebase -i HEAD~4