A: This is the condition which arises when there is race between multiple requests from client to server try to modify or fetch the same resource in the same time of execution
A: When a system is multi-threaded or/and multi-process to handle concurrency or/and parallelism for performance optimisation.
A: By introducing locks or inter-threads / intra-process synchronisation race conditions be avoided as they would sequential handle requests which are trying to modify the same resource