the following regex will validate all examples provided here: https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/
^(build|chore|ci|docs|feat|fix|perf|refactor|revert|style|test){1}(\([\w\-\.]+\))?(!)?: ([\w ])+([\s\S]*)
a grep/posix compatible variant
^(build|chore|ci|docs|feat|fix|perf|refactor|revert|style|test){1}(\([[:alnum:]._-]+\))?(!)?: ([[:alnum:]])+([[:space:][:print:]]*)