Внутренние компоненты iOS платформы? Из чего состоит iOS платформа?

Core OS (OSXKernel, Mach etc)
Core Services (Foundation, Networking etc)
Media (Core Audio, OpenAL, Quartz, Core Animation etc)
Cocoa Touch (UIKit, Camera, Controls, MapKit etc)

Core OS:

Все что связано с ОС Unix.

(OSXKernel, Mach 3.0, BSD, Sockets, Security, Power Management, Keychain Access, Certificates, File System, Bonjour).

OSXKernel, BSD, Mach - Unix operating system on device.

Эти API на С.

Core Service:

Foundation и сервисы.

(Collections, Address Book, Networking, File Access, SQLite, Core Location, Net Services, Threading, Preferences, URL Utilities).

Media:

Аудио, Видео и Графика

(Core Audio, OpenAL, Audio Recording, Video Playback, Quartz (2D), Core Animation, OpenGL ES, PDF)

Cocoa Touch:

Все что связано с UI.

UIKit, Multi-Touch, Core Motion, View Hierarchy, Localization, Controls, Alerts, Web View, Map Kit, Image Picker, Camera

Внешние компоненты iOS платформы?

Tools (Xcode, Debugger, Source Control, Static Analyzer).
Language (Objective-C)
Frameworks (CoreData, UIKit, Foundation etc.)
Design Patterns (MVC)

Tools:
---

`Xcode` - Debugger, UI building, Source code editing and control.

`Instruments` - Profiling, Memory Usage.

Language:
---

`Objective-C`

`Swift`

`C`

Frameworks:
---

Foundation, UIKit, Core Motion, Core Data, Map Kit etc.

Design Strategies:
---

MVC.