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astefanutti/README.md

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Created December 23, 2015 09:23
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Solar Analemmas
Raw
README.md

Hourly solar analemmas (ignoring daylight savings time) as seen from San Francisco in 2014.

Raw
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
path {
fill: none;
stroke-linecap: round;
stroke-linejoin: round;
}
text {
font: 10px sans-serif;
}
.horizon {
stroke: #000;
stroke-width: 1.5px;
}
.graticule {
stroke: #000;
stroke-opacity: .15;
}
.analemmas path {
stroke: #f00;
stroke-width: 2px;
}
.ticks line {
stroke: #000;
}
.ticks text {
text-anchor: middle;
}
.ticks--azimuth text:nth-of-type(9n + 1) {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 14px;
}
</style>
<body>
<script src="//d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js"></script>
<script src="solar-calculator.js"></script>
<script>
var π = Math.PI,
τ = 2 * π,
radians = π / 180,
degrees = 180 / π;
var width = 960,
height = 960,
scale = width * .45;
var solar = solarCalculator([-122, 37]),
start = d3.time.year.utc.floor(new Date),
end = d3.time.year.utc.offset(start, 1);
var projection = d3.geo.projection(flippedStereographic)
.scale(scale)
.clipAngle(130)
.rotate([0, -90])
.translate([width / 2 + .5, height / 2 + .5])
.precision(.1);
var path = d3.geo.path()
.projection(projection);
var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
.attr("width", width)
.attr("height", height);
svg.append("path")
.datum(d3.geo.circle().origin([0, 90]).angle(90))
.attr("class", "horizon")
.attr("d", path);
svg.append("path")
.datum(d3.geo.graticule())
.attr("class", "graticule")
.attr("d", path);
var ticksAzimuth = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "ticks ticks--azimuth");
ticksAzimuth.selectAll("line")
.data(d3.range(360))
.enter().append("line")
.each(function(d) {
var p0 = projection([d, 0]),
p1 = projection([d, d % 10 ? -1 : -2]);
d3.select(this)
.attr("x1", p0[0])
.attr("y1", p0[1])
.attr("x2", p1[0])
.attr("y2", p1[1]);
});
ticksAzimuth.selectAll("text")
.data(d3.range(0, 360, 10))
.enter().append("text")
.each(function(d) {
var p = projection([d, -4]);
d3.select(this)
.attr("x", p[0])
.attr("y", p[1]);
})
.attr("dy", ".35em")
.text(function(d) { return d === 0 ? "N" : d === 90 ? "E" : d === 180 ? "S" : d === 270 ? "W" : d + "°"; });
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "ticks ticks--elevation")
.selectAll("text")
.data(d3.range(10, 91, 10))
.enter().append("text")
.each(function(d) {
var p = projection([0, d]);
d3.select(this)
.attr("x", p[0])
.attr("y", p[1]);
})
.attr("dy", ".35em")
.text(function(d) { return d + "°"; });
svg.insert("g", ".sphere")
.attr("class", "analemmas")
.selectAll("path")
.data(d3.range(24))
.enter().append("path")
.datum(function(h) { return {type: "LineString", coordinates: d3.time.days.utc(start, end).map(function(d) { return solar.position(d3.time.hour.utc.offset(d, h)); })}; })
.attr("d", path);
d3.select(self.frameElement).style("height", height + "px");
function flippedStereographic(λ, φ) {
var cosλ = Math.cos(λ),
cosφ = Math.cos(φ),
k = 1 / (1 + cosλ * cosφ);
return [
k * cosφ * Math.sin(λ),
-k * Math.sin(φ)
];
}
</script>
Raw
solar-calculator.js
// Equations based on NOAA’s Solar Calculator; all angles in radians.
// http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/
(function() {
var J2000 = Date.UTC(2000, 0, 1, 12),
π = Math.PI,
τ = 2 * π,
radians = π / 180,
degrees = 180 / π;
solarCalculator = function(location) {
var longitude = location[0],
minutesOffset = 720 - longitude * 4,
λ = location[0] * radians,
φ = location[1] * radians,
cosφ = Math.cos(φ),
sinφ = Math.sin(φ);
function position(date) {
var centuries = (date - J2000) / (864e5 * 36525),
θ = solarDeclination(centuries),
cosθ = Math.cos(θ),
sinθ = Math.sin(θ),
azimuth = ((date - d3.time.day.utc.floor(date)) / 864e5 * τ + equationOfTime(centuries) + λ) % τ - π,
zenith = Math.acos(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, sinφ * sinθ + cosφ * cosθ * Math.cos(azimuth)))),
azimuthDenominator = cosφ * Math.sin(zenith);
if (azimuth < -π) azimuth += τ;
if (Math.abs(azimuthDenominator) > 1e-6) azimuth = (azimuth > 0 ? -1 : 1) * (π - Math.acos(Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, (sinφ * Math.cos(zenith) - sinθ) / azimuthDenominator))));
if (azimuth < 0) azimuth += τ;
// Correct for atmospheric refraction.
var atmosphere = 90 - zenith * degrees;
if (atmosphere <= 85) {
var te = Math.tan(atmosphere * radians);
zenith -= (atmosphere > 5 ? 58.1 / te - .07 / (te * te * te) + .000086 / (te * te * te * te * te)
: atmosphere > -.575 ? 1735 + atmosphere * (-518.2 + atmosphere * (103.4 + atmosphere * (-12.79 + atmosphere * .711)))
: -20.774 / te) / 3600 * radians;
}
// Note: if zenith > 108°, it’s dark.
return [azimuth * degrees, 90 - zenith * degrees];
}
function noon(date) {
var centuries = (d3.time.day.utc.floor(date) - J2000) / (864e5 * 36525),
minutes = (minutesOffset - (equationOfTime(centuries + (minutesOffset - (equationOfTime(centuries - longitude / (360 * 365.25 * 100)) * degrees * 4)) / (1440 * 365.25 * 100)) * degrees * 4) - date.getTimezoneOffset()) % 1440;
if (minutes < 0) minutes += 1440;
return new Date(+d3.time.day.floor(date) + minutes * 60 * 1000);
}
return {
position: position,
noon: noon
};
};
function equationOfTime(centuries) {
var e = eccentricityEarthOrbit(centuries),
m = solarGeometricMeanAnomaly(centuries),
l = solarGeometricMeanLongitude(centuries),
y = Math.tan(obliquityCorrection(centuries) / 2);
y *= y;
return y * Math.sin(2 * l)
- 2 * e * Math.sin(m)
+ 4 * e * y * Math.sin(m) * Math.cos(2 * l)
- 0.5 * y * y * Math.sin(4 * l)
- 1.25 * e * e * Math.sin(2 * m);
}
function solarDeclination(centuries) {
return Math.asin(Math.sin(obliquityCorrection(centuries)) * Math.sin(solarApparentLongitude(centuries)));
}
function solarApparentLongitude(centuries) {
return solarTrueLongitude(centuries) - (0.00569 + 0.00478 * Math.sin((125.04 - 1934.136 * centuries) * radians)) * radians;
}
function solarTrueLongitude(centuries) {
return solarGeometricMeanLongitude(centuries) + solarEquationOfCenter(centuries);
}
function solarGeometricMeanAnomaly(centuries) {
return (357.52911 + centuries * (35999.05029 - 0.0001537 * centuries)) * radians;
}
function solarGeometricMeanLongitude(centuries) {
var l = (280.46646 + centuries * (36000.76983 + centuries * 0.0003032)) % 360;
return (l < 0 ? l + 360 : l) / 180 * π;
}
function solarEquationOfCenter(centuries) {
var m = solarGeometricMeanAnomaly(centuries);
return (Math.sin(m) * (1.914602 - centuries * (0.004817 + 0.000014 * centuries))
+ Math.sin(m + m) * (0.019993 - 0.000101 * centuries)
+ Math.sin(m + m + m) * 0.000289) * radians;
}
function obliquityCorrection(centuries) {
return meanObliquityOfEcliptic(centuries) + 0.00256 * Math.cos((125.04 - 1934.136 * centuries) * radians) * radians;
}
function meanObliquityOfEcliptic(centuries) {
return (23 + (26 + (21.448 - centuries * (46.8150 + centuries * (0.00059 - centuries * 0.001813))) / 60) / 60) * radians;
}
function eccentricityEarthOrbit(centuries) {
return 0.016708634 - centuries * (0.000042037 + 0.0000001267 * centuries);
}
})();
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