Use less confusing links for the WooCommerce built-in filters that always point to the base of the shop, the `shop` page.

include.php

<?php

// NOTE: This filter has no effect on "Active Filters" widget
add_filter('woocommerce_layered_nav_link', function(string $link) {
  static $shopPageId, $shopPermalink, $silent;

  if (!isset($silent)) {
    $silent = wp_get_environment_type() === 'production';
  }

  if (!isset($shopPageId)) {
    $shopPageId = wc_get_page_id('shop');
  }

  if ($shopPageId === -1) {
    if (!$silent) {
      trigger_error('Skipping: WooCommerce Shop page is not set. Could not change the filter links.');
    }

    return $link;
  }

  if (!isset($shopPermalink)) {
    $shopPermalink = get_permalink($shopPageId);
  }

  if (!$shopPermalink) {
    if (!$silent) {
      throw new \Exception('Unable to get Shop permalink. Please investigate.', 500);
    }

    return $link;
  }

  return strstr($link, '?')
    ? preg_replace('/^.+\?/', "${shopPermalink}?", $link)
    : $link;
});