terminologies

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Apache spark - Apache Spark is an open-source data analytics cluster computing framework originally developed in the AMPLab at UC Berkeley.[1] Spark fits into the Hadoop open-source community, building on top of the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS).[2] However, Spark is not tied to the two-stage MapReduce paradigm, and promises performance up to 100 times faster than Hadoop MapReduce for certain applications.

Database pipelining - http://www.tuplejump.com/img/ff08.theplatform.png
                      As you will notice it's just not about processing the data, but involves a lot of other components. Collection, storage, exploration, ML and visualization are critical to the proect's success.


SOLR -  Solr to build a highly scalable data analytics engine to enable customers to engage in lightning fast, real-time knowledge discovery.

Faceted search : Faceted search also called faceted navigation or faceted browsing, is a technique for accessing information organized according to a faceted classification system, allowing users to explore a collection of information by applying multiple filters. A faceted classification system classifies each information element along multiple explicit dimensions, called facets, enabling the classifications to be accessed and ordered in multiple ways rather than in a single, pre-determined, taxonomic order

        Solr (pronounced "solar") is an open source enterprise search platform from the Apache Lucene project. Its major features include full-text search, hit highlighting, faceted search, dynamic clustering, database integration, and rich document (e.g., Word, PDF) handling. Providing distributed search and index replication, Solr is highly scalable.[1] Solr is the most popular enterprise search engine.[2] Solr 4 adds NoSQL features

S3 - Amazon S3 is an online file storage web service offered by Amazon Web Services. Amazon S3 provides storage through web services interfaces. Wikipedia

Hadoop

HBase

Zookeeper

Hive

Mahout

For Python-
                      Scikit Learn

                      Numpy

                      Scipy

Freebase - Freebase is a large collaborative knowledge base consisting of metadata composed mainly by its community members. It is an online collection of structured data harvested from many sources, including individual 'wiki' contributions.

visualization tool 
                      ggplot in R
                      Tableu
                      Qlikview
                      
Mathematics : )

                      calculus, linear algebra and coordinate geometry

NER- Named Entity Recognition (NER) labels sequences of words in a text which are the names of things, such as person and company names, or gene and protein names.