When you say networking, it broadly refers to the entire ecosystem that allows computers, devices, and systems to communicate and share resources—locally or across the internet. It includes:
- Hardware – routers, switches, firewalls, cables, wireless access points, and network interface cards.
- Protocols – rules and standards like TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, etc., that define how data moves.
- IP Addressing & Subnetting – assigning addresses to devices and organizing networks into smaller segments.
- Routing & Switching – how data finds its way between networks (routing) or within the same network (switching).
- Security – firewalls, VPNs, encryption, and access control to protect data and devices.
- Topology – the structure/layout of a network (star, mesh, bus, etc.).
- Services – DNS, DHCP, NAT, and other background processes that make networks usable.