shell chaos

test1.sh

#!/bin/bash

set -E 
trap '[ '$?' -ne 77 ] || exit 77' ERR

$(echo '$(exit 11)';exit 11)

(echo '(exit 11)';exit 11)

$(echo '$(exit 77)';exit 77)

(echo '(exit 77)';exit 77)

echo 'exit 0';exit 0

echo 'not to be printed'

test1.txt

$ ./test1.sh 
./test1.sh: line 6: $(exit: command not found
(exit 11)
./test1.sh: line 10: $(exit: command not found
(exit 77)
exit 0

test2.sh

#!/bin/bash

set -E 
trap '[ '$?' -ne 77 ] || exit 77' ERR 

$(exit 11)
echo '$(exit 11)'

(exit 11)
echo '(exit 11)'

$(exit 77)
echo '$(exit 77)'

(exit 77)
echo '(exit 77)'

echo 'exit 0'
exit 0

echo 'not to be printed'

test2.txt

$ ./test2.sh 
$(exit 11)
(exit 11)
$(exit 77)
(exit 77)
exit 0