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jacque_dibelin_export.html
<!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?-->
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title> Livre de Jacques d'Ibelin</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="work-title">Livre de Jacques d'Ibelin</h1>
<div class="export-metadata">FromThePage export of Livre de Jacques d'Ibelin from French of Outremer made on 2017-09-18 10:30:11 -0500.</div>
<hr>
<h2 class="divider">Page Transcripts</h2>
<div class="pages">
<div id="page-1785">
<h3>untitled page 1</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>III. LIVRE DE <a href="#article-40" title="JACQUES D’IBELIN">JACQUES D’IBELIN</a> (1).</p>
<p> VOZ AVÉZ OY ET ENTENDU SI AVANT <a href="#article-30" title="ASSISES">ASSISES</a> ET LES <a href="#article-31" title="USAGES">USAGES</a> DOU REIAUME DE JERUSALEM EN <a href="#article-33" title="plait">PLEIDEANT</a>, ET OR LES PORÉS OYR PUREMENT, SANS <a href="#article-33" title="PLAIT">PLAIT</a>; LESQUELS ASSISES FIST MESIRE <a href="#article-40" title="JACQUES D’IBELIN">JAQUE DE YBELIN</a>: QUE DIEU PACE VERAIE MERCI À S’ARME (2)(a).</p>
<p> Selonc ce que je ais piessà veu et oy et que je entens certainement quels sont les bons usages et les bones <a href="#article-34" title="costumes">costumes</a> (3) dou reiaume de <a href="#article-3" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, je les voz deviserai à dire (4) par chapitle, tot ensi come il sera si après escrit; et si comenserais au premier fait.</p>
<p> I. [NP1] Quant le reiaume de Jerusalem escheit à aucun home qui seit
dreit heir dou dit reiaume, il deit assembler le plus et les miaus des <a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a> liges doudit reiaume (b), et lor deit faire saveir coment le reiaume li est <a href="#article-35" title="escheu">escheu</a>,
et raconter coment et par quel raison; por ce espoir que il y aureit
aucun qui ne le saureit (5) mie devant ce que il l'aureit de lui oy. Et
puis requerre leur en generau que il li facent come à <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a> et à dreit heir ce que eaus faire li deivent faire por leur <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fiés</a>, les <a href="#article-41" title="homages">homages</a> et les autres <a href="#article-42" title="redevances">redevances</a>, et après les servises, si come chascun les deit. Et il euffre bien tot premier à faire à eaus quanque le <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a> deit faire, quant il entre et receit tel seignorie; et les <a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a>
lors deivent toz aler à une part et recorder ce que le seignor lor a
requis et offert. Et ce il sont certains que il seit dreit heir, ensi
come ils'avoe (c), il deivent maintenant venir devant le seignor et dire
li: “Sire, noz</p>
</div>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">§1 "purement" Adam Bishop:
James simply wanted to explain some of the more important assizes; in
contrast to his father's text, which talks about everything, and has
lengthy passages about court procedure (the various formulas that needed
to be spoken by each party, etc - "how to plead in court",
essentially). James skips most of that. Also, I don't think the
introduction was written by James himself - it was apparently written
after his death (hence, may God have mercy on his soul, since he's
already dead). If I'm not mistaken, this is the introduction to the
edition made for the court of Nicosia in the 14th century.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">§2 "deviserai" Tom O'Donnell: 'deviser' also means to tell, relate, outline, or explain</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-history">
<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/04/2016 08:14 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 05:00 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:36 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:34 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:34 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:23 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:22 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:19 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:18 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:17 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:15 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:57 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:57 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:11 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1786">
<h3>untitled page 2</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>conoissons bien que voz estes tel come voz avés dit, et somes prest et apareillés<br>
maintenant de faire ce que voz avés requis, faisant voz tot premier, si come voz l'avés<br>
offert, ce que vos faire noz devés.” Lors deit estre aportée l'Evangille, et le <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a> se deit agenoillier et metre la paume destre dessus, et un des <a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a>
deit deviser ensi et dire: “Sire, voz jurés sur les saintes Evangilles
de Dieu, come Crestien, que voz garderés et sauverés, et maintendrés et
defenderés de tot vostre leau poeir sainte Yglise et veves et orfenins,
partot cestui reiaume, en leur dries (8). Et encores, par vostre dit
sairement, tendrés et ferés tenir et acomplir de tot vostre leau poeir
les bons uz et les bones <a href="#article-34" title="costumes">costumes</a>
et les assises qui furent ordenées et faites ou dit reiaume, c'està
entendre par tot le reiaume. Et encores, par vostre dit seirement[NP2] ,
de tenir et de maintenir et faire tenir les dons et les previleges que
voz ancestres ont donés et fais en cest reiaume; et se aucun contens y
eust ès dons ou ès previleges que il ont fais,que voz ciaus contens
ferés determiner par <a href="#article-62" title="esgart">l'esgart</a> ou la <a href="#article-46" title="conoissance">conoissance</a>
de vostre court.Et encores estes tenus, par vostre dit seirement, de
tenir et de mainteir et de faire tenir et d’acomplir, de tot vostre leau
poeir, justice.” Et après que ces dessus dites choses seront complies,
le seignor se deit seyr; et les homes l'un après l’autre deivent venir
devant lui, et chascun à faire son <a href="#article-48" title="homage">homage</a> se deit agenoillier et metre ces mains jointes dedenz celles dou seignor; et un autre des homes deit dire: “Tu fais <a href="#article-47" title="lige">lige</a> <a href="#article-48" title="homage">homage</a>
à mon seignor le rei, por fié que tu as et tiens, lequel tu deis tenir
de lui; etli promès de garder le et de sauver come ton seignor lige
contre totes riens qui vivre et morir puissent. Et il t’en receit en
Dieu fei et en la soe come son home lige, de voz dreis sauvé les siens.”
Et chascune des parties deit comfermer le dit et dire “Oyl,” et puis se
deivent baisier en fei. Et toz les homes <a href="#article-47" title="lige">liges</a>
qui ou reiaume sont ou seront deivent aveir fait ou offert à faire ou
seignor, dedenz les quarante jors, leur homage. Et encores deivent les
dis homes, à la requeste dou seignor, faire feauté, c’est assaveir jurer
sur les saintes Evangilles de Dieu de garder et de sauver et de
defendre contre totes riens le cors dou seignor et ces villes et ces
chastiaus et son reiaume à lui, et, après lui, à ces dreis heirs.</p>
<p> II. Et les homes liges chevaliers, qui deivent servise de cors por leur <a href="#article-36" title="fiés">fiés</a>,
deivent servir le seignor as armes d'un cheval et d'autre deus
chevaucheures; et encores deit servir à venir fair ces comandemenz,
espesaiaument à estrà la court as plais et as requestes, et aler au
conseil de celui à qui le seignor le</p>
</div>
<div class="page-history">
<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/07/2016 12:50 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/07/2016 12:47 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">10/12/2015 07:46 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 05:00 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:25 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:24 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:23 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:59 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:14 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1787">
<h3>untitled page 3</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>donra par le comandement dou <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a>; et faire les <a href="#article-62" title="esgart">esgars</a> et lès <a href="#article-46" title="conoissance">conoissances</a>
et les recors que la court fera, et retraire les; et aler veir cops on
murtre que maufaitors ont fais; et semondre aucune persone, se le
seignor le comande; et faire devise ou partisson d'aigue et de terre
(14), quant genz sont en contens; et de veir mostre d'aucun leuc mouti;
et de faire requestes (15), et de garder champ de (16) champions; et le
compaignom de l'home, ce il l'a, deit servir d'un cheval et de autres
deus chevaucheures (h). Et l'home est tenu au seignor por l'<a href="#article-48" title="homage">omage</a> et la promence que il li a faite, tot ensi come il est dessuz devisié au faire de l'<a href="#article-48" title="homage">hommage</a>;
et deit l'on entendre que c'est à garder et à sauver et à defendre et à
maintenir son cors et ces honors, et de non faire ne soufrir à faire ne
consentir que on li face ne honte ne amermance. Et le seignor est tenu à
son home, sur la fei que il le receit et par le comfermement dou
baisier, quant il li fist <a href="#article-48" title="homage">homage</a>,
de garder le et de sauver come son home, et de non faire li ne
porchassier ne consentir que on li face honte ne domage là où il le
puisse destorrober.</p>
<p> III. L’ome deit faire au seignor, quant il entre en (17) sa seignorie, ou offrir li à faire son homage, por le <a href="#article-36" title="fiés">fié</a>
que il tient de lui, dedenz les quarante jors, tot ensi come il est
dessus dit. Et c'il esteit essoignié, il deit faire assaveir au seignor
son essoine dedenz ledit terme; et se il ne le faiseit et le terme
passeit, le seignor peut aveir, ce il viaut, par la court (i), son fié,
et tenir le et joyr des biens trusque à tant que celui veigne et que il
li face ou euffre à faire son <a href="#article-48" title="homage">homage</a>:
et de l'essoine on le deit conduire tot ensi come les autres essoines
sont conduis ès autres cas. Et celui qui ne sera ou reiaume, mais que on
sache que il seit en la terre de sà la mer (18), il deit aveir de
respit, dessus la quarantaine, treis quinzaines qui sont disset jors, se
il est esté (19); et se il est yver, treis meis; et ce il est outremer,
un an et un jor. Et se les <a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a> des homes qui deivent la <a href="#article-47" title="lige">ligece</a> au chief seignor, selon l'<a href="#article-2" title="assise">assise</a>,
ne font ou n'en eufrent à faire, dedenz un an et un jor, au chief
seignor lor dite ligeçe, et le seignor le viaut mener par sa court; il
deit perdre tot l'avantage et le proufit qu'il en eust, se il eust faite
ou offerte à faire ladite ligece: lequel proufit est devisié en
l'assise qui fut faite, quant le contens fu dou rie <a href="#article-51" title="Amauri">Amauri</a> et de mesire <a href="#article-52" title="Girart de Seete">Girart de Seete</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="page-history">
<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">09/05/2015 07:19 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">09/05/2015 07:18 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">09/05/2015 07:17 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">09/05/2015 07:17 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:53 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:52 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:51 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:51 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:50 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:48 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:48 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:26 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 05:09 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:15 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1788">
<h3>untitled page 4</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>IV. Et le <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a>
est tenus de totes les quarelles ou discors, quels que il seient, qui
sont ou seront entre lui et son home, ou de l'un home à l'autre de
quelque home que ce seit, à son home de faire les determiner par <a href="#article-62" title="esgart">l'esgart</a> (20) de sa court, se il ou autre li requierent esgart. Et il ne deit metre main sur son cors ne sur son <a href="#article-36" title="fiés">fié</a> ne sur les soes choses, se la court ne conut tot avant que il faire le puisse.</p>
<p> V. Et le seignor deit receveir les <a href="#article-41" title="homages">homages</a> des <a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a>
de son reiaume de ciaus qui faire le deivent, quant il li euffrent, tel
come le fié le deit. Et se il ne le fait ou ne dit raison por queci il
ne le deit (21) receveir, et tel que court esgarde ou conoisse que il le
refuse à dreit, ce il le fait autrement, et un an et un jor passe,
l'ome ne li deit plus faire <a href="#article-48" title="homage">homage</a>,
ne offrir li à faire, tant come il vivent ensemble; et si deit aveir
son fié enterinement, jusque audit terme, sanz servise; et lequel qui
muert avant, l'amende demorre; et si ne pert mie por cel (22) à estre
per des autres homes <a href="#article-47" title="lige">liges</a> (k). Et l'ome deit faire ou offrir à faire l'<a href="#article-48" title="homage">omage</a>
à son seignor tel come le fié le deit; et se il ne le fait, et un an et
un jor passe, le seignor peut aveir son fié tant come il vivent (l): et
(23) lequel qui muert avant, l'amende demorre (m).</p>
<p> VI. Et se celui qui deit la <a href="#article-47" title="lige">ligece</a> selonc l'<a href="#article-2" title="assise">assise</a>
l'euffre à faire au seignor si come il deit, et un an et un jor passe
sanz que il ait receu ou ditte raison qui vaille por quei il ne l'ait
receu, le seignor pert tot l'avantage (24) que il deust aveir de lui, se
il eust receue saditte ligece, tot ensi come l'avantage est devisé à la
pais qui fu faite, quant le contens fu dou rei <a href="#article-51" title="Amauri">Amauri</a> et de mesire <a href="#article-52" title="Girart de Seete">Girart de Seete</a>: et l'ome ne pert neent des avantages ne des proufis, si come il est devisié que il deit aver en la ditte assise.</p>
<p> VII. Le seignor ne deit faillir à son home d'esgart ce il li requiert, et si deit faire tenir les esgars et les <a href="#article-46" title="conoissance">conoissances</a>
et les recors que la court fait, quant ciaus por qui il sont fais le li
requierent. Et c'il le fait autrement, l'ome à qui le fait touche le
deit faire saveir à ces pers, et requerre les en tel maniere, après ce
que il aura conté les erremens: que il les prie et requiert et conjur et
semont que il constraiîgnent le seignor que il li face aveir son esgart
que il a requis, ou tenir l'esgart ou la conoissance ou le recort que
la court aura fait; et se le seignor portant ne le viaut faire, si
facent vers lui, come vers leur per, ce que il deivent. Et les</p>
</div>
<div class="page-history">
<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">10/12/2015 07:46 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">09/05/2015 07:21 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">09/05/2015 07:19 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">09/05/2015 07:18 PM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 05:02 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 05:01 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:59 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:58 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:58 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:17 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1789">
<h3>untitled page 5</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p><a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a> deivent venir devant le <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a>
et deivent retraire ce que leur per lor a dit et requis, et prier et
requerre le seignor que il face ce que leur per a requis. Et se le
seignor por tant ne le fait, un des homes deit dire por toz, et toz
deivent otreer son dit, quant il l'aura pardit (25): “Sire, puisque vos
ne le faites selonc l'<a href="#article-2" title="assise">assise</a>,
(26) noz voz gajons dou servise que noz vos devons; en tel maniere que
voz ne ferons neent por vos qui audit servise aparteigne, jusque à tant
que vos aiés fait à nostre per ce que il voz a requis, et noz por lui.”
(n).</p>
<p> VIII. Et se le seignor meist main à aucun de ces homes ou sur son <a href="#article-36" title="fiés">fié</a>,
sanz esgart de court; et cel home ou autre por lui, c'il n'est en son
poeir, le face saveir à ces pers et les en requiert qu'il facent vers
lui ce que il deivent, les homes deivent venir au seignor et faire li
assaveir ce que il ont entendu, et prier et requerre le que il delivre
leur per et que il le meine par sa court, si come il deit. Et se le
seignor por tant ne le fait, il deivent aler et delivrer le à force où
qu'il seit et où il le poront saveir, se le seignor en sa persone ne lor
vait defendre; et se le seignor le fait, il ne se deivent mie prendre à
lui à force as armes, mais il li deivent dire, un por toz: “Sire,
puisque voz en vostre persone noz faites force, à qui noz ne voz poons
prendre, noz, selonc l'assise, noz gajons dou servise que noz voz
devons; en tel maniere que noz ne ferons aucune maniere dou servise <br>
por voz trusque à tant que voz aiés delivré nostre per.” (o)</p>
<p> IX. Et dou <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fié</a>, ce il l'a
aresté, si come est dessuz dit, le deivent il conduire si come il est
dessus devisié que il l'ont conduit por le cors de l'home; ce est
assaveir, à remetre le à force en <a href="#article-29" title="saisine">saisine</a> et en <a href="#article-55" title="teneure">teneure</a> de ce dont l'on l'aura geté, se le cors dou seignor ne le defent; et c'il le defent, tenir la vée dessus devisiée (p).</p>
<p> X. Et quant l'assise fu faite par la cort, qui fu por le contens dou rei <a href="#article-51" title="Amauri">Amauri</a> et de mesire <a href="#article-52" title="Girart de Seete">Girart de Seete</a>,
si fu ordené par l'assise que tot le peuple des villes et des chastiaus
des homes dou rei deivent faire au rei, à la requeste de lui ou de son
comandement, <a href="#article-56" title="feauté">feauté</a>, ce est
assaveir de garder et de sauver son cors, et de non estre vers lui
contraire ne rebel, tant come il seront en son reiaume; et les homes des
<a href="#article-57" title="barons">barons</a> et des autres <a href="#article-58" title="vavassors">vavassors</a> (27) deivent faire au rie <a href="#article-59" title="ligece">ligece</a>
selonc l'assise. Et ou fait de la ligece deivent dire ensi: “Sire, je
voz fais ligece, selonc l'assise, et voz promet de garder et de sauver
contre tote riens qui vivre et morir puissent.” Et cest assise fu ensi
acordée, que por tant, come il a esté dit, que l'ome a fait au seignor <a href="#article-59" title="ligece">ligece</a>
(28) est il (29) tenu à lui de fei come à son home, et le deit garder
et sauver et conduire quant à la fei, tot ensi come il est contenu en
cestui livre, que (30) il est tenu à ces autres homes <a href="#article-47" title="lige">liges</a>; et si est per des homes de la Haute Court (q).</p>
<p> XI. Et ledit home est tenus au seignor de qui il tient le <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fié</a>,
tot autant come il esteit tenu devant, et à conseillier et à aidier et à
defendre et as armes et en totes manieres contre le chief seignor à qui
il a fait la ligece, aussi hien come il esteit devant tenus (31), tant
se come son seignor se vodra maintenir à dreit vers</p>
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<br>
<div id="page-1790">
<h3>untitled page 6</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>le chief <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a>;
mais si tost come l'ome s'aparsevera que son seignor se mesface vers le
chief seignor, il le deit requerre et avertir que il s'en adrece; et se
il ne le fait dedenz quarante jors, ou il avant (32) des quarante jors
porchassast ou feist le damage dou chief seignor, l'<a href="#article-38" title="homes">ome</a>,
se il le seit, se deit maintenant partir et venir au chief seignor, et
dire li por quei et coment il vient à lui; et deit aidier et conseillier
et defendre le chief seignor as armes et autrement contre son autre
seignor; et le chief seignor li deit restorer son <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fié</a>
que il aura perdu et les damages qu'il aura receu por venir à lui; et
se il ne le fait dedenz quarante jors, l'ome se peut retorner (33) au
seignor de cui il tient le <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fié</a>, et servir le et aidier le de sa guerre, jusque à pais ou à guerre finée: et ce est la force de l'ordenement de l'<a href="#article-2" title="assise">assise</a> (r).</p>
<p> XII. Et toz les <a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a> <a href="#article-47" title="lige">liges</a>
sont tenus de jurer sur les saintes Evangilles de Dieu de tenir et de
maintenir, et de faire tenir et acomplir, de tot leur leau poeir, les
bons uz et les bones <a href="#article-34" title="costumes">costumes</a> et les <a href="#article-2" title="assise">assises</a> (34) dou reiaume de <a href="#article-3" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> ou dit reiaume (s).</p>
<p> XIII. Et toz les homes liges chevaliers, selonc l'assise, sont pers
et tenus l'un à l'autre espessiaument en preupre cas, ce est assaveir de
garder et de sauver et d'entreaidier l'un l'autre, se le seignor les
voleit mener de leur cors ou de leur <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fiés</a> ou de leur teneures autrement que par leur jugement, qui sont pers et court quant le seignor y est; et la maniere de la <a href="#article-55" title="teneure">teneure</a> que il ont, si est que il se conduisent selonc l'<a href="#article-2" title="assise">assise</a>, tot ensi come il est devisié en un des dessus dis chapitle que les homes le deivent faire quant il en sont requis.</p>
<p> XIV. Et se le seignor met sus à son home que il li est defailli de
servise, et il en est ataint, le seignor, ce il viaut, peut aveir le <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fié</a> dont l'ome li est defailli et tenir le un an et un jor.</p>
<p> XV. Les <a href="#article-60" title="batailles">batailles</a> qui se pevent faire par la court, selonc l'<a href="#article-2" title="assise">assise</a> ou l'usage, si est:<br>
La premiere de trayson aparant, quant l'ome lige est contre son seignor
en champ as armes, se aucun de ces pers de ce li viaut metre sus et
apeler.<br>
Et l'autre trayson si est quant la ville ou le chastiau dou seignor est
tray aparaument: de ce en peut un de ces homes metre le sus et apeler
lequel que il vodra de ces pers.</p>
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<br>
<div id="page-1791">
<h3>untitled page 7</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>Et se le rei est à conseill, et son secré est descovert
(35), de chose dont il a damage receu ou peut avoir receu (36) et la
chose est paleise, un des <a href="#article-38" title="homes">homes</a> <a href="#article-47" title="lige">liges</a>
peut apeler lequel que il vodra de ciaus qui sont dou conseill dou rei,
ne qui cest secrei auront seu par lui ou par autre persone que (37) par
lui (t).<br>
Et se aucun des homes dou <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a>
ment sa fei vers lui par quelque maniere que ce seit ou que ce fust, et
il en est ataint, un des homes le peut apeler, ce il viaut, de
desleauté.</p>
<p> Et se un murtre aparant est present ou a esté presenté (38), et court l'ait veu,<br>
on le peut metre sus à qui que l'on viaut appeler.</p>
<p> Et de carelle d'un marc d'argent en amont peut on metre sus à qui que l'on viaut appeler.</p>
<p> Et por totes ces devant dittes choses et por chascune d'elles y a <a href="#article-60" title="batailles">bataille</a>.</p>
<p> XVI. Et por totes les manieres dessus dittes se combatent chevaliers à cheval, mais que de murtre (39).</p>
<p> Et totes autres manieres de genz, à pié.</p>
<p> Et se chevalier apelle sergent, il se deit combatre à lui à la lei dou sergent.</p>
<p> Et se le sergent apelle chevalier, il se deit faire <a href="#article-61" title="adober">adober</a> (40) chevalier et combatre se à lui à la lei dou chevalier (u).</p>
<p> XVII. Et celui qui viaut apeler d'aucune des choses dessus
devisiées, deit dire à celui sur qui il viaut metre la mallefaite, que
ce que il a mouti que il l'a fait mauvaisement et desleaument; et ce il
le viaut neer, il est prest de mostrer li de son cors contre le sien et
rendre le mort ou recreant en une orre de jor, tot ensi come la cour <a href="#article-62" title="esgart">esgardera</a>
que faire le dée. Et de ce en deit requerre esgart por offrir son gage
devant le seignor. Et se l'aversaire fait que sage, il neera et defendra
ce que l'on li met sus et desmentira l'apeleor mout à mout de quanque
il aura dit de lui, et offrira son cors por le defendre, et en requerra
la court dou si et dou quant, et poroffrira son gage au seignor.</p>
<p> XVIII. Et se l'apeleor ou le defendeor est mahaignié ou a passé aage
de soissante anz, si peut dire celui qui l'une des deus essoines aura,
que il le mostrera vers l'autre par un home, ou que il se defendera vers
lui (41) au jor que la court ly aura mis. Et c'il font que sage, il ne
nomeront pas l'<a href="#article-38" title="homes">ome</a> (42)(v). Et por tant se peut l'on defendre par champion.</p>
<p> XIX. Et toz homes vencus en champ de tex <a href="#article-60" title="batailles">batailles</a>
(43) deivent estre pendus. Mais le cas de la carelle se conduit en
autre chose autrement que les autres homes (44): car de la carelle il li
covient clain ou mostre, et le requerant si deit prover par garenz (w);
et ce celui à qui l'on demande viaut, il en peut bien lever l'un.</p>
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<br>
<div id="page-1792">
<h3>untitled page 8</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>XX. En totes choses covient, avant que <a href="#article-60" title="batailles">bataille</a>
en seit faite, que l’on face seirement. L'apeleor se deit agenoillièr
et jurer sur les saintes Evangilles de Dieu, come Crestien, que ce que
il a dit et mis sus à son aversaire, que il est veir. Et le defendeor
deit estre esveillié que si tost come celui a juré, avant que il se
liéve, il le deit prendre par le poin ou par le bras au plus près dou
poin que il pora, et dire: “Ge t'en lieve come faus et parjur.” Et se le
defendeor ne le fait ensi, et celui qui a fait le seirement s'en lieve
quittes, le defendeor a perdue sa [legal term |carelle].</p>
<p> Et quant les garens jureront dou fait de la carelle, celui qui se
defende peut, lever lequel que il vodra des deus garenz; car l'un jure
avant de l'autre: et se il ne le fait tot ensi come il est dessus
devisié ou devant (45) dit chapitle, il a sá quarelle perdue.</p>
<p> XXI. Et la court deit conoistre que le si si est la maniere coment on deit estre apareillié de combatre, et le quant le jor.</p>
<p> XXII. Et le jor dou murtre n'est que treis jors; et de totes autres quarelles quarante jors.</p>
<p> XXIII. Et celui qui met champion dou fait dou murtre, se son
champion est vencu, le cors de celui qui l'a mis est aussi bien justisié
come est le vencu (y).</p>
<p> XXIV. Home qui a son <a href="#article-54" title="fié">fié</a> par don de <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">seignor</a>,
et il l'a par l'une des deus manieres: ou à lui et à ces heirs de feme
espouse, ces heirs ne pevent perdre le fié tot outre por nulle maniere
que l'<a href="#article-38" title="homes">ome</a> mesface, que par treis: la premiere si est de vendre le par l'<a href="#article-2" title="assise">assise</a>
si come il se deit vendre por dette; la segonde par trayson aparant
contre son seignor, ce il en est ataint par jugement de court; la tierce
por Dieu reneer, ce il en est ataint (z).</p>
<p> XXV. L'ome peut perdre par pluisors manieres son fié à sa vie, mais
ces heirs n'i ont point de damage. L'une des manieres si est, ce il ne
fait son <a href="#article-48" title="homage">homage</a> ou il ne l'euffre à faire avant que un an et un jor passe; l'autre, ce il a sa <a href="#article-73" title="fei mentie">fei mentie</a>
vers son seignor par quelque maniere que ce seit, et il en est ataint;
et se il est ataint par bataille, si come il est dessus dit que un des
pers peut apeler, le cors et quanque il a est <a href="#article-74" title="encheu">encheu</a>
en la merci dou seignor; et ce il est ataint par autre maniere, le
meuble ne le cors ne les autres choses ne pert il mie, mais que le fié:
mais il est fors paysé, et a de respit quarante jors à voidier le pays
(aa).</p>
<p> XXVI. Et encores peut l'on eschangier son fié, tot ou partie, mais
que ce seit par l'otrei dou seignor de qui l'on le tient, ou dou chief
seignor, ce il le tient de lui; mais il <a href="#article-75" title="covient">covient</a> que le chief seignor le consente.</p>
</div>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXIV. Disagreement over rendering of first line. </p>
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<br>
<div id="page-1793">
<h3>untitled page 9</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>XXVII. Et si peut on doner de son fié, qui a fié qui deit pluisors servises partie dou fié por partie dou servise (ab).</p>
<p> XXVIII. Et si peut on doner de son conquest un fié ou pluisors, ce il les a, à celui ou à ciaus de ces heirs que il vodra (ac).</p>
<p> XXIX. Et si peut on doner à son dreit heir le fié qui fu de son patremoine, mais que le seignor l’otrée (ad).</p>
<p> XXX. Et les fiés qui se perdent à vie d'ome, si come il est dessus
dit, si est à entendre que lequel qui muert avant, ou le seignor ou
l'ome, le fié revient là où il deit, car l'amende faut.</p>
<p> XXXI. Et se le fié escheit à un home par la mort de son pere ou de
mere, il se peut bien me metre en la saisine et en la teneure dou fié,
sanz parler au seignor (ae).</p>
<p> XXXII. Et totes autres manieres d’escheete deit l'on requerre au
seignor, et le seignor le deit metre en saisine, ce (46) il entent que
celui qui le requiert ait dreit (af).</p>
<p> XXXIII. Et se escheete escheit à merme d'aage et il a pere ou mere,
il peut requerre son baillage et aveir le, se l'eir est present en la
court; et ce il n'est present et il a essoine par quei on ne le puisse
aveer ne amener, et le seignor le mescreit, il le peut bien faire veir
par treis de ces homes come court, à saveir ce il est vif, et puis peut
metre le requerant en saisine et en teneure dou fié (47); et pere et
mere deit aveir la garde de l'enfant et ses biens enterinement trusque à
son parfait aage ou à sa mort, ce il avant moreit (ag).</p>
<p> XXXIV. Et c'il n'a pere ne mere, le plus preuchein de son lignage
qui li tient de là dont le fié muet, ce il requiert le baillage, aveir
le det, et un autre de ces parens dou qu'il li teigne en deit aveir la
garde de l'enfant, c'il la requiert: et le plus preuchein l'enporte par
devant les autres, ce il viaut. Et quant l'enfant vient en son aage et
il viaut aveir le fié, il deit venir devant le seignor et deit dire:
“Sire (48), je sui tel,” et se deit nomer; “et si ai quinse anz complis,
dont je sui en mon aage (49). Et se mon baille ou autre mescrust que il
ne seit ensi, je suis prest de faire ent ce que la court conoistra que
je faire en dée.” Et ce il est mescreu, il deit aveir deus leaus garenz
de la lei de Rome, homes ou femes.<br>
qui deivent jurer sur sains que il a quinse anz complis; et ce faisant,
il se peut aler saisir dou fié et uzer come dou sien, car à son baill
(50) n'a il riens que demander.</p>
<p> XXXV. Et quant il n'i a heir qui baillage puisse tenir par parenté, le seignor deit tenir le baillage.</p>
</div>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">In general, we need to make
some kind of statement about the default to male pronouns throughout
this text. Clearly, participants in all of these legal processes (except
for trial by battle) could be male or female. </p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXXIII. We had to translate
the parents as "they," but this brings up the question of the gender in
non-gendered pronouns in Old French. We tend to translate them as male
pronouns.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXXIV. We are unclear on the meaning of "en dée". </p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">bailliage and
"guardianship"- a more technical/legal way to translate? Maybe wardship
for the person and conservatorship for the fief? </p>
</div>
</div>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">03/29/2016 09:10 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">03/29/2016 08:45 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">03/29/2016 08:25 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">03/29/2016 08:17 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">03/29/2016 08:16 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">03/29/2016 08:09 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">07/16/2015 04:53 AM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
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</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1794">
<h3>untitled page 10</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>XXXVI. Et quant aucun home requiert aucune chose que il ait
et teigne, et dit que celle chose est de son dreit et de son fié, car
ce fu de ces ancestres ou soe (51), et que il ait esté aucun tens
tenant; le parenté se deit prover en toz endreis vers le seignor par
deus leaus garenz de la lei de Rome, homes ou femes; et ne deivent plus
dire que tant: “Je oy que tel teneit à tel son heir<br>
1eau (ah).”</p>
<p> XXXVII. Et de la teneure, ce il a previlege ou recort de court ou
garentie d'ome de court, ces treis choses sont valables sanz contredit.</p>
<p> XXXVIII. Et se aucun home ait et teigne aucune chose de rente, et le
seignor le mete à raison, et dit que il entent que cest chose seit soe:
por quei il l'avertist de sa fei come à son home, et le conjure sur la
fei que il li deit que il li dée rendre, se l'ome n'entent que il seit
ensi, il peut tenir des deus voies l'une, laquel que il vodra tenir.
L'une si est que il die: “Sire, sauve seit vostre grace, je n'entens que
je teigne riens dou vostre; et se je l'entendeie, je le voz rendereie
(52) volentiers. Et se voz me savés riens que demander, je voz fornirai
dreit par la court.” Et l'autre si est à dire: “Sire, je entens
certainement que ce que vos me requerés est de mon fié, et je l'aquiaus
et atrais à partie de mon fié; et sui tot prest, se je en sui mescreu,
de faire ent ce que la court conoistra que je faire en dée.” Et se l'on
se met en la court, elle deit conoistre que il deit jurer sur
l'Evangille, que quanque il a dit de cest cas est veir: et, ce faisant,
la chose li demorre en pais. Mais c'il y a aucun de ces pers en la
presence, quant il fait le sairement, et il set que il le fait
mauvaisement, il le peut lever come parjure; et por tant il y a
bataille, car ce est desleauté.</p>
<p> XXXIX. Et nul home lige ne deit dire parole en court por nullui, ce il ne viaut (ai).</p>
<p> XL. Les jugemenz se deivent faire en seant.</p>
<p> XLI. Et se le seignor semont son home de son (53) servise, et il li
deit aucune quantité de son fié, ce est asseveir de treis meis en sus,
l'ome peut respondre tot brief: “Je entens que vos me devés de mon fié
tel quantité de deniers ou plus: faites me paier, et je voz servirai
volentiers. Et se voz ne le faites, je n'entens que je voz dée servir;
ne faire ne le viaus por les raisons que j'ai dittes, se vostre court
n'esgarde que je faire le dée. Et de ce requiert esgart.” Sachiés, se le
seignor viaut aveir son servise, il li fera son gré ou il s'en
delivrera de lui par esgart, ou autrement l'ome ne perdra riens (aj).</p>
</div>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">AdamBishop</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXXVI - "lei de Rome" means
that the guarantors should be Roman Catholics. John of Ibelin and
Philip of Novara also mention in detail who can be guarantors, depending
on their religion.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">esgart, assises: do these
have stable meanings throughout the three texts? or are we translating
them according to how it must be rendered in English?</p>
</div>
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<small class="page-version-date">04/03/2016 09:17 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">04/03/2016 09:03 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-date">04/03/2016 08:43 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">04/03/2016 08:36 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-date">07/22/2015 04:02 AM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
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</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1795">
<h3>Untitled Page 11</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p></p>
<p> XLII. Et se l'ome a requis aucune feis ou pluisors feis en court à
son seignor chose que il ait et teigne, et que il entent que celle chose
est de son fié, et come de son fié l'a adès requise, et le seignor l'a
adès desleé et passé par pluisors manieres de respis que l'on peut
faire, ou il en ait aucune feis plaideé de ceste chose, et aucun des
respis a esté par la court; se le seignor a sur ce besoin dou servise de
son home, et il le semont, l'ome ne le servira pas, ce il ne viaut,
devant ce que le seignor a fait son gré de sa demande ; ou il s'en
delivrera par l'esgart de sa court, se il a autrefeis requis esgart ou
se il le requiert encores.</p>
<p> XLIII. Et se le seignor failleit de sa fei vers son home et il en
fust ataint, l'ome aureit son fié sanz servise tant come le seignor ou
lui vivereent; et si sereit quitte de la fei dont il sereit tenus, et le
seignor ne sereit mie quitte de la soe vers lui ; et si ne perdreit
riens l'ome de l'avantage de la court ne de la teneure de ces pers.</p>
<p> XLIV. Et le seignor peut semondre son home de sa bouche, c'il est en
la court; et si le peut semondre par un home, qui sera en leuc de lui,
et deus come court; et si le peut semondre par son banier, et par ces
letres, là ou son seau sera: et de laquel des semonces que il faille, se
il est ataint, il perdra son fié an et jor, se le seignor viaut. Et de
la semonce des letres et dou banier, se l'ome vient à court et viaut
dire, par la fei que il deit au seignor, que il n'a pas esté semons, il
en est quitte.</p>
<p> XLV. Et le seignor peut bien semondre, selonc ce que le besoin le
semont, ou hastivement ou à tort : il en est à sa volenté ou à sa
discretion.</p>
<p> XLVI. Et la semonce est hastive, et il a chevalier ou sergent dont
il deit le servise; et aucun a essoine de son cors, ou il n'est mie
present en la ville, ainz est ou reiaume sur aucune besoigne soues ou de
son seignor; ou le cheval de l'ome, ce il n'a que un, ou le chevau dou
compaignon, ou la beste d'armes dou sergent ait essoine, tel que elle ne
peust aler; l'ome deit dire au seignor : « Sire, vos m'aves semons, »
et moutir de quei et coment, et dire son essoine tel come il l'aura. «
Et par la fei que je vos dei, come à mon seignor, que je ais l'essoine
que je voz ai si retraite. Et se il voz plaist que je voisse, je irai
volentiers au jor que voz m'avés semons, sauve l'essoine que je voz ai
moutie. Et ce il ne voz plaist de ce faire, et voz me donés respit
covenable, tant que je puisse recouvrer ce qui me faut, je sus
apareillié de faire vostre comandement sanz delai. Et ce se il ne voz
plaist, je voz baillerais tant de deniers, » et aveir les present, «
come le chevalier ou le sergent me costereit à retenir le, qui le
trovereit. »</p>
<p> XLVII. Et se aucun home est semons d'aler en un servise soul, et le
seignor dit que il n'a mie esté là où il a esté semons ou que il s'en
parti devant le terme de la semonce, il deit dire que il i fu trusque au
terme: et de ce est il prest de faire droit par esgart de la court.
Etle dreit est tel, que il deit dire, par la fei que il deit à son
seignor, que il fu en la semonce jusques au terme : et à tant en</p>
</div>
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<small class="page-version-date">05/28/2016 01:18 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-date">04/24/2016 08:27 PM</small>
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</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1796">
<h3>Untitled Page 12</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p> est quite. Et c’il dit qu'il n'i ala mie, ou que il y ala
et s'en parti, et que ce fu par maladie, et que il fist assaveir au
seignor ou à celui qui est en son leuc; et ce deit il dire par la fei
qu'il deit à son seignor. Et c'il ne le fait, il encheit aussi come il
est dit des autres par devant.</p>
<p> XLVIII. Nul fié ne peut estre departi ne desmembré, se ce n'est par
treis choses: l'une, que l'on en doint partie por le servise faisant, se
il deit autre servise que d'un escu, et selonc le servise que le fié
deit; et si en deit l'on doner mains de la meitié. L'autre maniere por
quei fié se part si est por doaire; car la feme en a la moitié por son
doaire quel que le fié seit. La tierce maniere, quant il n'i a heir et
il y a fille plus d'une, et le fié est plus d'un escu, se part par
chevaleries selonc ce que il y a filles et chevaleries: mais une chose
ne se part mie, ainz l'a tote l'ainz née, quant le fié n'est que d'un
escu.</p>
<p> XLIX. L'assise de la vente dou fié est tel que le fié ne peut estre
vendu que por dette, et ensi: que ciaus à qui l'ome deit, deivent venir
devant le rei et clamer se de celui qui lor deit la dette; et ce celui
conut la dette, ou elle li est provée par preuve, le rei li deit
comander que il paie celle dette dedenz set jors. Et celui peut dire
lors, ou après les set jors: “Sire, je n'ai de quei paier ceste dette
autre chose que de mon fié. Je le vos livre, que voz le vendés par
l'assise et en paiés ma dette.” Et le seignor le deit receveir et faire
crier en treis cités par treis jors. Et le crior deit nomer totes les
choses qui sont dou fié et le servise que il deit; et à chascun jor deit
dire: “De hui en quarante jors.” Et, aprè les quarante deus jors, ciaus
qui veulent metre, vienent devant le seignor en 1i court. Et lors deit
le crior dire le plus que l'on y a mis et crier à tant, et moutir les
choses dou fié et le servise et l'omage et à quels heirs. Et quant nul
n'i met plus, le seignor deit comander que il le livre à celui qui plus y
a mis; et le crior deit les treis mous dire, et livrer à celui qui plus
y a mis. Et celui deit doner les besanz au seignor. Et lors celui de
qui le fié fu, deit jurer sur la sainte Evangille que il deit celle
dette qui est moutie et coneue en la court, et que il n'i a fait barat
ne malice; et puis jurre que il n'a nulle autre chose à couvert ne à
decouvert que son fié, meuble ne estable, de quei il puisse paier celle
dete qui est moutie. Mais c'il a au reiaume autre fié, il peut dire:
“Fol's tel fié.” Et ce il a previlege de cel fié, il le deit rendre à
l'acheteor; et se il dit que il ne l'a, il<br>
le deit jurer sur sainz, et que, quant il l'aura, il le rendra à celui
ou à ces heirs. Et le seignor deit faire à l'acheteor previlege des
erremenz de l'achat. Et celui qui l'a acheté a tel homage et a tel
servise et a tel heirs come celui qui le vendi l'aveit. Ne nul home ne
peut acheter fié qui a autre fié, c'il n'est chevalier, fiz de chevalier
et de dame, né en leau mariage. Le seignor receit les besanz et en paie
la dette, et le remanant garde jusque à set jors, por saveir ce celui
deit autre chose; après rent le surplus des besanz à celui de qui le
fié fu. </p>
</div>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XLIX. “De hui en quarante jors.” Not sure if "hui" means "today" or "this proclamation"</p>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1797">
<h3>Untitled Page 13</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>L. En l'assise est que à totes clamors a l'on jor de
quinsaine, for de murtre aparant et de chevaucheure restive et d'aucunes
autres choses. Et à toz creissemenz et changemenz de la parole en la
clamor a l'on jor.</p>
<p> LI. Et est coneu par l'assise, de quei il me souvient, s'aucun home
se claime de cop aparant, il covient qui se claime par l'assise dou rei
Baudoyn: se il viaut jurer sur sainz que il n'a le cop fait, si en est
quitte; et se il ne le viaut jurer, et l'autre le jure ou celui qui a
fait le cop le conut, il paie C. besanz et C. soz, cent besanz au
seignor et C. soz au batu.</p>
<p> LII. Et se autre que chevalier bate ou fiert chevalier, il pert le poin.</p>
<p> LIII. Et se un home se claime d'un autre par l'assise de dete; se
celui de qui l'on se claime viaut jurer que il ne li deit riens, il en
est quitte; et se il ne viaut faire le sairement, et le clamant viaut
jurer, il deit estre paié de sa dette.</p>
<p> LIV. Se un home a maladiré aucune soe chose, il la peut arester
quelque part que il la truisse et amener devant la justice. Et se il se
claime par l'assise come de chose maladirée, il deit jurer sur sains que
il ne l'a prestée ne vendue ne donée ne alienée en aucune maniere, ainz
li a esté preuprement maladirée. Et deit aveir deus garenz qui facent
ce que garenz deivent faire, que il le virent saisi et tenant come dou
sien: et ce faisant, il recuevre la soe chose.</p>
<p> LV. Se aucun home m'est <a href="#article-135" title="plege">plege</a>
as uz et à costumes dou reiaume de Jerusalem, et je me viaus clamer par
l'assise; se je ensi me claime, il ne deit aveir jor, ainz me deit
responder en l'orre. Et c'il neeit la plegerie, et je puis prover par
deus leaus garenz que il m'est plege, il m'est tenus de paier sur toz
ces biens ce dont il m'esteit plege, come principau detor. N'a garent de
plegerie n'i a nul tornes de bataille. Et se il conut la plegerie, ou
il est ataint qu'il seit plege, et il n'a de quei il puisse fornir la
plegerie des choses muebles, il covient que il le face des choses
estables, de celles sanz servise, ce il les a, ou de celles à servise,
come de dette coneue.</p>
<p> LVI. Et l'eir dou plege n'est pas tenu de fornir la plegerie de son
pere après son decet; ne les choses de lui ne de son pere ne sont
obliges.</p>
</div>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">chevaucheure restive - mounted rebellion</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">AdamBishop</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">Chapter 51 and 52 are
paraphrases of Philip of Novara (chapter 60 in Edbury's edition). Philip
was also unsure about the origins of this law and why it was changed
over time. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-history">
<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
<ul>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 08:48 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 08:43 PM</small>
</li>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 08:43 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 08:43 PM</small>
</li>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 08:43 PM</small>
</li>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 08:39 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/31/2016 08:08 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">04/26/2016 09:09 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">04/26/2016 09:00 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">04/26/2016 08:00 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1798">
<h3>Untitled Page 14</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>LVII. Et ciaus de qui l'on se claime, qui sont pleges et
dettes, il covient à conduire le claim si come il est devisié dessus,
sanz ce que il n'i a point de quinsaine; et que les biens de celai et de
ces heirs en sont tenus après son desset. </p>
<p> LVIII. Et un home qui requiert devise à un autre devant seignor ou
devant baill, l'autre ne se peut eschampir que il ne li face devise: et
le seignor met de ces homes deviseors à sa volenté, ce est assaveir ou
cinq ou treis; lesquels jurent sur sainz, en la presence de la court et
des parties, que il feront bien et leaument la devise dedenz quarante
jors, selonc l'usage dou reiaume de Jerusalem. Et l'usage en est tel que
ce il treuvent que devise en ait esté faite, il la deivent porchassier;
et c'elle n'a esté faite, il la deivent faire. Recort d'ome de court
vaut en ce devant totes choses, et après, previlege de seignor, et
après, leaus garenz de la lei de Rome, et après, totes gens crestiens de
quelque nassion que il seient, et après, mescreans, qui faut à ce
trover. Les deviseors sont tenus de faire la devise en leur conoissance,
regardant les teneures dou leuc et les anciens irritages: et ce que
ciaus en diront seit tenus.</p>
<p> LIX. Et des requestes que on fereit au seignor par previlege que les
ancestres dou seignor auront fait as ancestres dou requerant, le
seignor peut respondre que il n'entent pas que ces ancestres en orrent
onques teneure aparant, et que ce n'est pas don, ainz est promece. Et se
le requerant proveit vers le seignor, si come il devreit, la teneure,
si poreit dire le seignor que il n'entent que il seit son parent de là
où le fié meut. Et à prover le parenté, il covient que l'on preuve par
autel garens come il est uzé de prover lignage; en tel maniere que il
facent ce que garenz deivent faire; que il virent et oyrent que celui à
qui le fié fu doné et qui en ot teneure, tint le requerant à fiz leau,
et il lui à pere. Et se autre que le fiz qui de lui fust dessendu le
requeyst, deit venir à la preuve dessendant jusques à lui, en la maniere
que il est dessuz devisié.</p>
<p> LX. Et la preuve de la teneure vers le seignor deit estre par recort
de court ou par previlege ou par home de court. Et les homes de court
deivent jurer et faire ce que leaus garenz deivent faire. Ne entre
seignor et home n'a nulle torne de bataille.</p>
<p> LXI. Se aucun home aporte previlege et requiert par celui previlege
chose de quei autre seit en teneure que le seignor, il deit ensi
respondre: que il ne viaut respondre à ce que celui li demande par celui
previlege. Et dit raison por quei: que le seignor qui fist le
previlege, se il fust en presence, et il de sa vive vois confessast ou
garentist que les choses qui sont ou previlege furent faites par lui et
qu'il les fist faire, ne vaudreit son dit, ne que d'un autre home, soul
contre la teneure. Et puisque ce que il direit ou garentireit en sa
preupre persone et de sa vive vois ne vodreit riens, donc est il aparant
que son seel, lequel est en son poeir, que on peut faire et uzer à sa
volenté, deit mains valeir que son dit. </p>
</div>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LVIII. Adam says that the list of acceptable documentation or guarantees comes from Philip of Novara.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LVIII. Adam says it's chapter 53 of Peter Edbury's edition of Ph. of Novara.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LXI. Only makes sense if
the first half of the last sentence pertains to the false claimant
(forger?) and the second half pertains to the lord. </p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LXI- here we see the option
for oral testimony (that of the lord) to trump written proof (the seal
presented by the false claimant).</p>
</div>
</div>
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<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
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<small class="page-version-date">08/25/2016 12:00 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 08:49 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/22/2016 09:04 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/22/2016 09:03 PM</small>
</li>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2016 09:13 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2016 08:57 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2016 08:44 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/03/2016 09:01 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/03/2016 09:00 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/03/2016 08:55 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/03/2016 08:48 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/03/2016 08:34 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">Nicholas Paul</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/03/2016 08:17 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">04/26/2016 09:13 PM</small>
</li>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
<li>
<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1799">
<h3>Untitled Page 15</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>LXII. Se je requier fié que mon seignor teigne, lequel ait
esté doné à mon ancestre ou à mei, et je ai preuve valable contre le
seignor, je me dei garder de non receveir la teneure par grace, ainz la
deis aveir par la preuve que je en aurai faite, contre le seignor, par
esgart de la court: car se je l'ai ensi, je ne respondereie à nul home
qui me demandast riens en celui fié, ce il ne le me demandast de par
celui de qui je aureie fait la prevue.</p>
<p> LXIII. Se il y a carelle de un home à autre de fié, l'on deit offrir
à prover que son ancestre en morut saisi et tenant come dou sien, si
come la court esgardera et conoistra que prover le dée. Et la preuve
deit estre par deus leaus garens: et l'autre de qui l'on se clamera en
peut torner l'un.</p>
<p> LXIV. Se aucun home a et tient aucune chose laquelle il acuille à
son fié, et son seignor l'en mescreit, il est tenu de jurer sur sains,
de son poin destre, que il est de l'apartenance de son fié. Et un de ces
pers le peut lever come parjure, ce il viaut: et chascun en est tenu
par sa fei de faire ce, se il seit qu'il seit parjure; et por tant y
aura bataille.</p>
<p> LXV. Feme por nul doaire ne deit mariage à celui de qui elle le tient, ne elle ne se deit marier sanz son congié.</p>
<p> LXVI. Et de totes escheetes de fié et de baillage elle deit le mariage au seignor.</p>
<p> LXVII. Et quant le seignor semont feme de prendre baron, il la deit
faire semondre par treis de ces homes come court; et li deivent offrir
treis barons, et que elle en ait l'un pris dedenz quarante jors, ou dit
raison por quei elle ne le deit faire, et tel que cort l'esgarde ou
conoisse: et c'elle ne le fait, elle est encheue de defaut.</p>
<p> LXVIII. L'usage des doaires par l'assise est tel: que quant l'ome
muert, que de totes les choses quel qu'elles seient, meubles et
estables, que l'on li treuve, ce il est chevalier, sa feme en deit aveir
la meitié, ce est puisque l'on a paiée la dette dou mort. Et la dette
deit estre paiée dou mueble; et ce il ne fornist à paier la dette, ce
qu'il en faut, l'eir en deit paier la moitié et la feme l'autre mitié.
La feme ne peut riens faire de ce que elle a en doaire, seit fié ou
irritage, mais que joyr des rentes sa vie. Et ceste assise est des
chevaleriers.</p>
</div>
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<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
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<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 09:26 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-date">06/05/2016 09:17 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-date">05/24/2016 08:21 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-date">05/24/2016 08:11 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-date">05/22/2016 09:43 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">lmorreale3</small>
<small class="page-version-date">04/26/2016 09:15 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
</li>
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</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="page-1800">
<h3>Untitled Page 16</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>LXIX. Quant fié se partist por doaire ou entre suers, la
mainz née deit faire la partisson, dès le jor qu'elle en sera requise
trusqu'au quarantisme jor; et lors le deit offrir en deus chartres
escrites à l'ainz née, en la court, et l’ainz née a quinse jors de
choisir (90). </p>
<p> EXPLICIT.</p>
</div>
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<strong>Page Edit History:</strong>
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<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2016 09:19 PM</small>
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<small class="page-version-username">benwbrum</small>
<small class="page-version-date">05/15/2015 08:17 AM</small>
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</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<hr>
<h2 class="divider">Page Translations</h2>
<div class="pages">
<div id="translation-1785">
<h3>untitled page 1</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>The Book of James of Ibelin</p>
<p> You have heard and understood so far the <a href="#article-30" title="assises">rulings</a> and the <a href="#article-31" title="usages">practices</a> for <a href="#article-33" title="plait">pleading</a>
in the kingdom of Jerusalem and now you can hear them straightfowardly
(plainly), without instructions about the manner of pleading; those are
the assises made by my lord <a href="#article-39" title="Jaque de Ybelin">James of Ibelin</a>: may God have true mercy on his soul. </p>
<p> According to that which I have long seen and heard and which I surely understand to be the good practices and the good <a href="#article-34" title="costumes">customs</a>
of the kingdom of Jerusalem. I will divide them up for you to be
recorded (said) by chapters, just as will be written down hereafter. And
so I will begin with the first matter. </p>
<p> I. When the kingdom of Jerusalem <a href="#article-49" title="escheit">escheats</a> to any man who might be the rightful heir of the said kingdom, he should assemble the greater part of the best of the liege <a href="#article-38" title="homes">men</a> of the said kingdom, and should let them know how the kingdom has <a href="#article-49" title="escheit">escheated</a>
to him, and tell them how and for what reason, because perhaps there
might be someone who did know about it before he heard it from him. And
then he should require them collectively that they perform/do/make
(faire) for him as to a <a href="#article-37" title="seignor">lord</a> and to the rightful heir that which they should perform/do/make (faire) on account of their <a href="#article-36" title="fiés">fiefs</a>, their sworn <a href="#article-41" title="homages">allegiances</a>, and their other <a href="#article-42" title="redevances">dues</a>, and afterwards on account of the <a href="#article-50" title="servises">services</a>,
according to what each one owes. And he should offer first and foremost
to do for them whatever the lord should do when he enters and receives
such a lordship; and those men then ought to go all together to one side
and make known what the lord has requested/required of them and
offered. And if they are certain that he is the rightful heir, as he
claims to be, they should immediately come before the lord and say to
him: “Lord, we</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">§1 "purement" Adam Bishop:
James simply wanted to explain some of the more important assizes; in
contrast to his father's text, which talks about everything, and has
lengthy passages about court procedure (the various formulas that needed
to be spoken by each party, etc - "how to plead in court",
essentially). James skips most of that. Also, I don't think the
introduction was written by James himself - it was apparently written
after his death (hence, may God have mercy on his soul, since he's
already dead). If I'm not mistaken, this is the introduction to the
edition made for the court of Nicosia in the 14th century.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">§2 "deviserai" Tom O'Donnell: 'deviser' also means to tell, relate, outline, or explain</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="translation-1786">
<h3>untitled page 2</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>acknowledge that you are such the one as you have said,
and we are ready and prepared to perform/do/make what you have
requested/required without delay, provided that you do first and
foremost what you should do for us, just as you have offered. Then the
Gospels should be brought out, and the lord should kneel and place his
right palm upon them, and one of the men should speak in the following
manner and say: “Lord, you swear on the holy Gospels of the Lord, as a
Christian, that you will guard, and preserve, and maintain, and defend
with all of your righful/legal (leau) power the holy church and the
widows and the orphans throughout the kingdom in their rights. And
furthermore, by your said oath, you will hold and cause to be held and
to be fulfilled by all your rightful/legal (leal) power the good uz and
the good costumes and the assises which were established (ordenées) and
made in the said kingdom, that is as [they are] understood through the
whole kingdom. And furthermore, by your said oath, to hold and to
maintain and to preserve the grants and the privileges which your
ancestors have given and made in that kingdom; and if there is any
disagreement about the grants and privileges that they [i.e., the
ancestors] have made, that you will promise to pass judgment on those
disagreements by the esgart or by the conoissance of your court. And
furthermore as you are bound, by your sworn oath, to hold and to
maintain and to cause to be held and to be fulfilled, by that is in your
rightful/legal (leau) power, justice. And after the above said things
have been carried out, the lord should sit down; and the men one after
the other should come before him, and each one, in making his homage,
should kneel and place his hands together within those of the lord; and
another of the men should say: “You make liege homage (lige homage) to
my lord the king, on account of the fief (fié) that you have and you
hold, which you should hold from him; and you promise to guard him and
to protect him as you liege lord (seignor lige)against all who may live
and die. And he receives you in God’s faith and in his own as his liege
man, he will safeguard your rights as his own.” And each of the parties
should confirm what has been said and say “Yes”, and then they should
kiss one another in [good] faith. And all the liege men who are in the
kingdom or who will be there should have either made or offered to make,
within the forty days, their homage to the lord. And then the said men
should, at the request of their lord, make fealty (feauté), it is namely
to swear on the holy Gospels of the Lord to guard and the protect and
defend against anyone the body of the lord and his towns (villes) and
castles (chastiaus) and his kingdom for him and, after him, for his
rightful heirs. </p>
<p> II.And the liege men [who are] knights, who owe service of the body
for their fiefs (fiés), should serve the lord with their arms and with
one horse and with two additional mounts; and furthermore [such a liege
man] should be prepared to come to carry out commands, especially to be
at the court of pleas and of requests, and to go to the counsel of
anyone to whom the lord </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1787">
<h3>untitled page 3</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>has given him by the commandment of the lord; and [he
should] carry out the judgments (esgarts) and the decisions
(conoissances) and the securities (recors) that the court has made, and
report them; and go to see the crimes or the murders that the
malefactors have done; and summon any person if the lord orders it; and,
when men are in conflict, make division or partition of the water and
the land; and to see evidence at the designated place; and to make
inquiries; and to maintain a field for champions; and, in the company of
his men, he should serve with one horse and two other mounts. And the
man is bound to the lord by homage and the promise that he has made, as
has been laid out above with regard to homage; and it should be
understood that this [the homage and the promise] is to protect and
safeguard and defend and maintain his body and his honors/possessions
(honors), and he should not himself cause nor tolerate nor allow anyone
to bring him either into shame or belittlement/disadvantage. And the
lord is held to his man on the faith that he has received him and by the
confirmation of the kiss, when he has done homage to him, to guard him
and to protect him as his man, and neither to attempt himself nor to
consent that anyone should bring him into dishonour nor harm him where
he has it in his power.</p>
<p> III. The man should perform homage to the lord, when he comes into
his lordship, or offer to perform it for him, for the fief that he holds
from him, within the forty days, all as has already been said. And if
he is excused, he should make known to the lord his excuse within the
said term, and if he does not do it and the term has passed, the lord
can have if he wishes, by the court, his fief, and hold it and enjoy the
benefits of it until that [man] comes and either does homage to him or
offers to do it: and as for the excuse, one should present it just as
other excuses are presented in other cases. And the one who happens not
to be in the kingdom, but is in the land on this side of the sea, he
should have a postponement, in addition to the forty days, of three
weeks, which is seventeen days, if it is summer; and if it is winter,
three months; and if he is across the sea/on the other side of the sea
(outremer), a year and a day. And if the men of the men who owe
allegiance to the chief lord, following the assise, have not made or
have not offered to make the said liege homage/allegiance to the chief
lord within a year and a day, and the lord wishes to pursue/administer,
it by the court; he should lose all advantage and all profit which he
would have in it if he had made or offered to make the said liege
homage/allegiance. This profit is determined in the judgment/precedent
(assise) which which was made when the disagreement arose between King
Amalric and Lord Gerard of Sidon (i.e. the Assise sur la ligece). </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1788">
<h3>untitled page 4</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>IV. And the lord is obliged to have his liegeman settle
arguments, whatever they might be, that exist or that may come to pass
between him and his man, or from one man with regard to the other of
some man which he is, to offer judgment to his man by the esgart of his
court, if he or another require from him the esgart. And he [the lord]
should not place his hand on his [the man’s] body nor on his fief nor on
his possessions if the court has not recognized in advance that he has
the power to do so. </p>
<p> V. And the lord should receive homages from men of his kingdom from
those who ought to make/do/perform them, when they are offered them, as
when the fié is owed to them. And if he does not do it or does not give
the reason why he ought not receive it, and so that the court esgarde or
conoisse that he refuses it by right, if he tries again and one year
and one day pass, the man does not owe homage any more, nor must he
offer it as long as he lives; and so he ought to perform/make/do his fié
entirely until the said term, without service; and whichever one dies
earlier, the compensation persists; and nothing whatsoever is lost for
that man to be among the other liege men. And the man should [then?]
make or offer to make homage to his lord such as he owes for the fié;
and if he does not, and a year and a day passes, the lord should have
his fié as long as he lives, and whichever one dies earlier, the
compensation/arrangement persists. </p>
<p> VI. And if anyone who owes the ligece following the assise offers to
perform/make/do it for the lord just as he should, and one year and one
day passes without him receiving either it or a worthwhile explanation
why he has not received it, the lord loses all the advantage which he
would have had over him if he had received the said ligece just as the
benefit is set out in the peace which was made when there was the
disagreement between King Amalric and Gerard of Sidon [i.e. assise sur
la ligece] and the man does not lose anything of the advantages, nor of
the profits that were stipulated that he ought to have in the said
assise. </p>
<p> VII. The lord should not fail to offer esgart to his man, should he
require it, and if he should fail to uphold the esgars and the
conoissances and the recors that the court has has made, when the ones
for who they were made require them. And if he does so repeatedly, the
man to whom the matter pertains should make it known to his peers, and
and require/request [ie.e to gather?] them in such a manner, that
afterwards he might recount the proceedings: when he asks and requires
and summons and gathers them that they should compel the lord that he be
made to offer his esgart to him as required, or to hold to the esgart
or the conoissance or the recort that the court has made; and if the
lord nonetheless does not do what is desired, so they should take
against him, as against one of their peers, just as they ought to. And
the</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1789">
<h3>untitled page 5</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>men ought to come before the lord and they ought to
repeat that which their peer has said and requested, and ask and
request/require the lord that he do that which their peer has requested.
And if the lord still does not do it [what they wish] one of the men
should speak for all of them, and all should declare their affirmation
for his words, when they have heard them: “Lord, because you are not
acting following the assise, we refuse to pledge the service which we
owe to you; in such manner that you have not done anything in accords
with the vow to which the service appurtains, and until such a time as
you give assistance to us as he requires from you, and that we require
on his part. </p>
<p> VIII. And if the lord should place his hand on anyof his men or on
their fié, without esgart of the court, and that man or another
[acting?] for him, that it is not in his power, should make it known to
his peers and reqiure/request that they take against him [the lord] as
they ought to do it, the men should come to the lord and make it known
what they have heard, and ask and require that he deliver their peer and
bring him before his court, as he ought to do it. And if the lord
thereafter does not do it, they ought to go and to deliver him by force
from where he is and where they are able to know he is, if the lord in
his own person does not go to defend him; and if the lord does so, they
ought not to take from him anything by force of arms, but they ought to
say to him (one speaking for them all): “Lord, because you in your own
person come against us with force, from whom we are not able to take,
we, following the assise, we are pledged of the service which we owed to
you; in such a manner that we ought not make any manner of the service
for you until such time as you have delivered our peer.” </p>
<p> IX. And of the fié, if it had been arrested (confiscated?), as has
been said above, they ought to proceed as has been laid out above that
they should proceed for the body of the man; that is to make it known,
to retake it by force in saisine and in teneure of which it had already
been established, if the lord does not defend it with his own body; and
if he defends it, to offer the refusal (AND gives: plea charging refusal
to return a distress !!) set out above.</p>
<p> X. And when the assise was made by the cort, which was convenved
because of the dispute of King Amalric and my lord Gerard of Sidon, so
it was ordered/commanded ordené by the assise that all of the people of
the towns and the castles belonging to the men of the king must make
feauté to the king, at his request or his command, that is namely to
protect and to preserve his body, and not to take against him nor rebel
against him, as long as they should be in his kingdom; and the men and
the barons and the other vavassors should make/do/perform ligece to the
king following the assise. And in the performance of the ligece they
outght to speak say this:”Lord, I make/do/perform ligece to you,
following the assise, and promise to protect and defend against all
persons who live and are able to die.” And this assise was thus agreed,
that in all cases, as it has been said, when a man has made ligece to
his lord, he [the lord, following MS B] is held to him out of fidelity
as to his [own?] man, and he should protect and defend and guide him as
regard the fidelity, all inasmuch as it is contained in this book, such
that he is held to those other liege men (homes liges); and thus he is a
peer of the men of the High Court. </p>
<p> XI. And the said man is held to the lord from whom he has the fié,
as much as he was held in the above cases, both to counsel and the aid
and to defend both with arms and in all manners against the chief lord
to whom he has made/done/performed the ligece, both as he was held above
[better: both in the ways set out above], and when his lord wants to
maintain his rights with regard</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1790">
<h3>untitled page 6</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>And all the liege men are required to swear on the Holy
Gospels of the Lord to hold and to maintain, and to ensure that they are
upheld and fulfilled, with all their lawful power, the good (usages and
customs) and the (assizes) of the kingdom of Jerusalem or the said
kingdom. </p>
<p> XIII. And all the liege men knights, following the assize, are peers
and obliged the one to the other especially in certain cases, that is
to protect, to guard, and preserve and mutually aid each other, if the
lord should wish to take them from their courts or from their fiefs or
from their holdings other than with their judgment, they who are the
peers and [who form] the court when the lord is present; and the manner
of the tenure that they have is such that they conduct themselves in
accordance with the assize, just as it is laid out in the above chapter
that the men must do when it is required of them. </p>
<p> XIV. And if the lord should sue [send under warrant] to his man that
he is in default of service, and it is proved, the lord, if he wishes,
should have the fief for which the man failed to do service and hold it
for a year and a day. </p>
<p> XV. The combats which may be done by the court, following the assize
or the [usage], is as follows: the first for clear treason, when the
live man comes on the field in arms against his lord, and that none of
his peers wish to [send under warrant] and summon. And the other treason
is when the town or castle of the lord is shown to be betrayed: for
that one might [send under warrant] and summon one of them en that he
wishes from among those peers. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1791">
<h3>untitled page 7</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>And if the king is at council, and his private matters
become known, of which matter he has been harmed or might have been
harmed and the matter is [palatine?] one of his liege men may call
whoever he wishes from amongst those who are in the king's council,
whether this secret had been shared by him or by another person through
him. And if any of the men of the lord lie [about?] of their faith
toward him, regardless of the manner that this is or is done, he should
be condemnedt [atteindre- literally stained] for it, one of the men can
summon him, as he wishes, for disloyalty. </p>
<p> And if a clear murderer is present, or has been presented, and the
court has seen him, one might [send under warrant] to a person that one
wishes to call. </p>
<p> And for the quarrel over a mark of silver in amount can one place him...</p>
<p> And for all those above-mentioned matters and for each of them there should be a combat. </p>
<p> XVI. And in all the instances mentioned above, knights will fight on horseback, except in the case of murder. </p>
<p> And all other manners of people, on foot. </p>
<p> And if the knight summons a sergeant, he should fight with him according to the rules of sergeants. </p>
<p> And if the sergeant summons a knight, he should be dubbed a knight and fight with him following the rules of knights. </p>
<p> XVII. And he who would summons anyone for any of the matters set out
above, he ought to say to him on whom he wishes to place the misdeed,
that which he did wickedly and disloyally, and if he wishes to deny it,
he is ready to demonstrate it with his body against [ sine ???} and
render dead or vanquished in one hour of the day, just as the court
judged that it should be done. And that he should request a ruling that
he might lay down his gage before the lord. And if his opponent acts
wisely, he will deny it and defend that which first one has charged and
contradict the appellant word for word (mout a mout] for whatever he had
said about him, and he should offer his body as the defense, and ask of
the court when and where, and offer his gage to his lord. </p>
<p> XVIII. And if the appellant or the defendant is maimed or is over 60
years old, so he should say to him one of the two excuses; that he
should present himself to the other man through a man, or that he should
defend himself, on the day that the court had set. And if they are
wise, they will not name the man. And because of this he might be
defended by the use of a champion. </p>
<p> And all the men defeated on the field of such combats should be
hung. But a case of the dispute [over money] should be conducted in
other matters in another way for the other men for, ; but regarding the
quarrel it to him is fitting claim or proof, and the suppliant must
prove it by guarantors; and if him to whom one makes wishes he may raise
one. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1792">
<h3>untitled page 8</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>In all matters it is necessary, before the combat takes
place, when one should make an oath. The appellant must kneel and swear
on the Gospels of the Lord, as a Christian, that that which he has said
and accused his adversary, that it is true. And the defendant should be
alerted that as soon as that one has sworn before he can get up, he
should take him by the wrist or by the arm as close to the wrist that he
can and say, " I raise you as false and perjured." And if the defendant
does not do thus, and he who has made the oath has stood up freely, the
defendant has lost his argument.</p>
<p> And when the guarantors will swear on the facts of the quarrel, the
one who defends himself can raise which one that he will want of the two
guarantors; but the one swears before the other: and if he does not do
it completely thus as is above laid out or in the previous chapters, ,
he has lost his case. </p>
<p> XXI. And the court must recognize that the "how" is the way that one
should be outfitted for battle, and the "when" is the day [of combat]. </p>
<p> XXII. And the day of the murder must be within three days; and concerning all of the other disputes forty days. </p>
<p> XXIIII. And that one who puts forth a champion in a case of murder;
and and his champion is come. the body of the one who has placed him is
also just as well subject to justice as the one who has come. </p>
<p> XXIV. A man who has his fief through the gift of his lord, and he
has it through one of two ways: either to himself or to the heirs of his
lawful wife, the heirs cannot lose the fief except for if the man
commits a wrong, except through three ways: the first is sale by order
of the court; the second by open treason against his lord, if he has
been proved of it by judgment of the court; the third is by denying God,
if it is proven against him. </p>
<p> XXV. The man can lose in several ways his fief during his life, but
his heirs will have no injury by it. One of these manners is: that if he
does not do homage or does not offer to do it before one year and a day
pass; another if he has broken faith with his lord by any manner at
all, and it is proven upon him; and if it is proven by battle, just as
it is said above that one of his peers can call, the body and whatever
else he has falls to the mercy of the lord; and if it is judged by
another way, neither the moveable goods nor the body nor the other
things should he lose except the fief. But he is banished and he has
forty days respite to leave the country. </p>
<p> XXVI. And moreover one can only exchange one's fief (whole or in
part), only by the permission of the lord from whom one holds it, or of
the chief lord, if he holds it from him, but it is fitting that the
chief lord consents. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXIV. Disagreement over rendering of first line. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="translation-1793">
<h3>untitled page 9</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>XXVII. And so he can give from his fief, who has a fief which owes several services; part of the fief for part of the services. </p>
<p> XXVIII. And so he can give from his conquered lands one fief or
several, if he has them, to whomever or to whichever of his heirs he
wishes.</p>
<p> XXIX. And so he can tie to his rightful heir the fief which was part of his patrimony, as long as the lord agrees. </p>
<p> XXX. And the fiefs which lapse upon the death of the man, as is said
below, it is to be understood that whoever dies first, whether the lord
or the man, the fief returns where it ought to, because compensation is
necessary. </p>
<p> XXXI. And if the fief <a href="#article-80" title="escheats">escheats</a>
to a man by the death of his father or his mother, he can put himself
in possession and holding of of the fief without speaking to the lord. </p>
<p> XXXII. And all other manners of escheat ought to be referred to the
lord, and the lord should place it into the possession of the person, if
he decides that the person has the right to it. </p>
<p> XXXIII. And if the escheated property escheats to a minor and he has
a father or mother, they can request guardianship and have it, as long
as the heir is present in court; and if he is not present and he has an
excuse why no one could direct him or bring him, and the lord does not
believe it, he can very well verify, by three men of his court, whether
he is alive, and ought to put the requestor in possession and holding of
the fief; and the father and mother ought to have the guardianship of
the child and all of his property until he has reached his majority or
until he dies, if he should die beforehand. </p>
<p> XXXIV. And if he has neither father nor mother, the closest of his
lineage from which the fief moves, if he requests guardianship, has the
right, and another of his family, of those who hold it, ought to have
guardianship of the child, if he requests it: and the nearest relatives
should have it before the others, if he so wishes. And when the child
comes of age and he wants to have the fief, he ought to come before the
lord and ought to say: "Lord, I am he," and he should he name himself;
"and so I am fifteen years old, so I have become of age. And if my
bailiff or any other person doubt that this is so, I am ready to do
whatever the court would have me do as proof." And if they still doubt
it, he should have two legal guarantors of the law of Rome, men or
women, who ought to swear on the gospels that he has attained fifteen
year; and having done that, he can go to take possession of the fief and
use it as his own, because he has only to demand it from his guardian. </p>
<p> XXXV. And when there is not heir for which guardianship should be held by the family, the lord should hold it in guardianship. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">In general, we need to make
some kind of statement about the default to male pronouns throughout
this text. Clearly, participants in all of these legal processes (except
for trial by battle) could be male or female. </p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXXIII. We had to translate
the parents as "they," but this brings up the question of the gender in
non-gendered pronouns in Old French. We tend to translate them as male
pronouns.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXXIV. We are unclear on the meaning of "en dée". </p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">bailliage and
"guardianship"- a more technical/legal way to translate? Maybe wardship
for the person and conservatorship for the fief? </p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="translation-1794">
<h3>untitled page 10</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>XXXVI. And when any man requests anything that he has and
holds, and says that that thing is his by right and of his fief,
because it was of his ancestors or himself, and that he had been been in
possession of it for some time.; the ancestry should be proven for
every locale for the benefit of the lord by two loyal guarantors who are
of the Roman faith, men or women; and they should say nothing more
than: "I pledge that this man held the land from (such and such) heir." </p>
<p> XXXVII. And regarding the possession: if there is a privilege or the
written record of the court or the oath of a man of the court. that
those three things are all valid without contradiction. </p>
<p> XXXVIII. And if any man had and held anything in rent, and the lord
calls him to judgment, and says that he perceives that this thing is his
own: because he warned him faithfully as his man, and he swore on his
faith that he owed to him what he ought to give to him, if the man
doesn't understand it thus, then he might pursue one of two avenues,
whichever he would like to take. The first is that he says: "my lord,
saving your grace, I do not agree that I hold anything of yours; and if I
did understand that, I would give it to you willingly. And if you know
anything else to ask of me, I will provide it to you lawfully by the
court." And the other is to say: "my lord, I agree clearly that that
which you require of me is of my fief, and and I acquiesce and I
transfer from out of my fief; and I am ready, if you doubt me, to do
whatever the court believes that I should do." And if one is taken to
court, the court should recognize that he should swear on the Gospels,
that whatever he says about this case is true: and, doing so, that thing
should rest in peace. But if there is anyone among the peers in
attendance, when he makes the oath, and if he knows that he does so
wrongly, he should raise him as a perjurer; and for this there is a
battle, because it is disloyalty. </p>
<p> XXXIX. And no liege man should say words in court for anyone, if he doesn't want to. </p>
<p> XL. The decisions should be made in session. </p>
<p> XLI. And if the lord summons his man concerning his service, and he
owes him any part of his fief, that is to say for more than three
months, the man can just say: "I agree that you owe for me fief such a
quantity of money or more: pay me and I will serve you willingly. And if
you don't, I do not agree that I ought to serve you; nor do I want to
do it for the reasons that I stated, if your court does not judge I that
I do it. Regarding this, a judgment is required." You should know, if
the lord wishes to have the man's service, the man does so at his
pleasure or he will render himself to him because of a judgment,or
otherwise the man will not lose anything. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">AdamBishop</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XXXVI - "lei de Rome" means
that the guarantors should be Roman Catholics. John of Ibelin and
Philip of Novara also mention in detail who can be guarantors, depending
on their religion.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">esgart, assises: do these
have stable meanings throughout the three texts? or are we translating
them according to how it must be rendered in English?</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="translation-1795">
<h3>Untitled Page 11</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>XLII. And if the man has requested on one occasion or
several occasions in court from his lord something which he had and
held, and should he believe that that thing is part of his fief, and as
part of his fief he has formally requested it, and the lord has
continuously delayed and passed it off by the various types of deferral
that one can make, or he has at one time pleaded this matter and any of
the deferrals have been made by the court; if the lord has need of
service of the man due from this fief and he summons him, the man will
not serve him (if he does not wish to) before the lord has done his will
with regard to his demand; or he should relieve himself from his
service by the judgment of his court, if he has formally requested
judgment or if he once again requests it. </p>
<p> XLIII. And if the lord failed in his duty towards his man and he is
convicted of it, the man would have his fief without service so long as
the lord or he himself lived; and so he would be free of the duty by
which he would have been held, and the lord would in no way be free of
his own duty towards him and the man would lose nothing of his advantage
with regard to the court nor of his legal standing among his peers. </p>
<p> XLIV. And the lord can summon his man by speaking, if he is in the
court; and so he can summon him through a man who will be in his place,
and (he can summon him) through two people who can be a court; and thus
he can summon him by his banner, and through his letters, whereupon will
be his seal: and from whichever mode of summoning he makes, if he is
convicted, he will lose his fief for a year and a day. And if the
summons is through letters and through his banners, and the man comes
to the court and wishes to say, by the faith he owes his lord, that he
has not been summoned, he is free. </p>
<p> XLV. And the lord can summon according to that which needs be, even
hastily or wrongly: it is at his will or at his discretion. </p>
<p> XLVI. And the summons is at short notice, and there is a knight or a sergeant who owes him service; and he has any <a href="#article-85" title="essoine">physical impediment</a>
or he is not even present in the town, but he is in the kingdom
pursuing some needs of his own or of his lord; or the only horse of the
man, or his companion's horse, or the warhorse of his sergeant has some <a href="#article-85" title="essoine">impediment</a>,
so that he can't go: under any of these circumstances the man should
say to the lord: "Lord, you have summoned me," and lay out how and why,
and say of his <a href="#article-85" title="essoine">impediment</a> whatever he has. "And by the duty that I owe you, as my lord, I have such an <a href="#article-85" title="essoine">impediment</a>
as I have laid out to you. And if you wish that I should go I would go
happily on that day that you have summoned me, were it not for the <a href="#article-85" title="essoine">impediment</a>
that I told you about. And if does not please you to do so, and you
could give me a suitable deferral so that I might recover as needed, I
am ready to do your bidding without delay. And if that isn't to your
liking, I will give so much money," and he has it with him, "as it would
cost me (or whoever finds him) to retain the knight or the sergeant."</p>
<p> XLVII. And if any man is summoned to come in <a href="#article-108" title="servise sole">single service</a>,
and the lord says that he has never been there where he has been
summoned or that he had left before the term of the summons, he ought to
say that he was there until the end of the terms: and he is ready to
prove himself according to the judgement of the court. And the law is
such, that he should say, by the faith that he owes his lord, that he
answered the summons until it was completed: and to such an extent that
he is finished. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1796">
<h3>Untitled Page 12</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>And if his says that he was never there and he had gone
and departed, and it was because of illness, and he let the lord know or
to whomever was in his place, and so ought he to say so by the faith he
owes his lord. And if he does not do it, he forfeits just as it is said
about other above.</p>
<p> XLVIII. No fief should be in any way divided or dismembered, except
in three cases: the first, because the person has to give a part of it
for performing service, if he owes some service other than military
service; and according to the service that the fief owes; and so one
ought to give less than half of it; The other way in which a fief is
divided is by dowry; because the woman has half of the fief for her
dowry, no matter the kind of fief. The third way is when there is no
heir, and more than one girl, and the fief is more than one soldier, it
is divided among the knights as long as there are both ladies and
knights, but one part is never divided, such that the whole is never so
that the whole when the fief owes only one military service.</p>
<p> XLIX. The assise of the sale of the fief is such that the fief
should be sold only for debts, and as follows: that those to whom the
man owes should come before the king and claim it from himwho owes him
the debt and if this one recognized the debt or it is proven by
evidence, the king should command that he pay that debt within seven
days. And this one can say right away, or after the seven days, "My
lord, I do not have anything to pay this debt other than my fief. I
deliver it to you that you might sell it by the assise, and pay my debt
from it." And the lord should receive it and have it proclaimed in three
cities for three days. And the proclaimer should name all of the things
that belong to the fief, and the services that it owes; and on each
day, he should say: "Forty days [from this proclamation]." And after the
forty- two days, those who want to place a claim should come before
the lord at court. And there the proclaimer ought to say the highest
[bid] that someone has put on it, and he should proclaim it as such, and
move the assets of the fief and the service and the homage and to which
heirs [they are owed]. And when no-one has placed any further bids, the
lord should command that he deliver it to the one who had made the
highest bid and the proclaimer should say it three more times, and
deliver to him who bid the most. And that person ought to give the money
to the lord. And the one who had the fief beforehand, ought to swear on
the Gospels that he owes the debt which was moved and recognized in the
court, and that there has been no fraud or malice; and then swear that
he has no other thing hidden and nothing exposed except his fief,
moveable nor immovable, from which he can pay the designated debt. But
if he has another fief in the kingdom, he can say "Except this fief."
And if he has rights from that fief, he ought to render them to the
buyer; and if he says that he has none, he must to swear on relics, and ,
when he will have some, he will give it to this one or his heirs. And
the lord should make for the buyer a privilege of the proceedings of the
sale. And the one who has bought it and what homage and what service
and what heirs just as he who sold it has. No man ought to buy the fief
who has another fief, if he is not a knight, the son of a knight and of a
lady, born of legitimate marriage. The lord receives the the money and
pays the debt from it, and he should keep the remainder for seven days,
in order to ascertain whether that man had any other debt; after the
seven days he ought to return whatever is left of the money to the man
to whom the fief formerly belonged. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">XLIX. “De hui en quarante jors.” Not sure if "hui" means "today" or "this proclamation"</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="translation-1797">
<h3>Untitled Page 13</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>L. And within the assize is that all claims last for
fifteen days, apart from clear murder and of mounted rebellion and no
other matters. And every time a claim is changed or augmented, a day is
added. </p>
<p> LI. And be it known by the assize, from what I remember, if any man
has a claim for clear battery, it is appropriate that he makes the claim
according to the assize of King Baldwin: if he wants to swear on the
gospels that he has not made the assault, so he is acquitted; and if he
does not wish to swear, and the other swears that it was so or that he
who had struck the blow knows him, he should pay 100 besants and 100
sous, 100 bezants to the lord and 100 sous to the victim. </p>
<p> LII. And if it is someone other than a knight who strikes or hits a knight, he shall lose his hand. </p>
<p> LIII. And if a man has claim upon another by the assize of debt; if
he against whom one makes the claim wishes to swear that he has not owe
anything, he is held acquitted; and if he does not wish to make the
oath, and the claimant wants to swear, he should be paid for his debt. </p>
<p> LIV. If a man has taken away anything of his possessions, he can
take possession of it wherever he finds it and bring it before the
judge. And if he claims it by the assize as with regard to a thing that
has been taken away, he ought to swear on relics that he has not loaned
it out or sold it or give it or alienated it in any way, but it has been
truly misappropriated. He ought to have two witnesses who do what
witnesses ought to do, that they saw him take and hold it as his own:
and that doing this, he recovers his own property. </p>
<p> LV. If any man is made a <a href="#article-136" title="pledge">pledge</a>
to me by the usages and customs of the kingdom of Jerusalem, I will
make claims according the assize; if I so claim for myself, he ought not
to have not have his day in court, but should respond to me
immediately. And if he denies [being my] pledge, and I am able to prove
by two legal witnesses that he is pledged to me, he is held to pay me on
all the goods for which he was pledged to me, as the principal debtor.
He can not challenge either the witness of the pledging nor anyone to a
trial by battle. And if recognizes the pledging, or it is proven that
he is the pledge, and he hasn't got the moveable goods to redeem the
pledging, it is proper that he should do it with land, for which he does
not owe service, if he has it, or land for which he does owe service,
as the debt is understood. </p>
<p> LVI. And the heir of a person who is pledged is not forced to redeem
his father after his death; nether his things nor those of his father
are considered part of the security. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">chevaucheure restive - mounted rebellion</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">AdamBishop</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">Chapter 51 and 52 are
paraphrases of Philip of Novara (chapter 60 in Edbury's edition). Philip
was also unsure about the origins of this law and why it was changed
over time. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="translation-1798">
<h3>Untitled Page 14</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>LVII. And those things which one makes a claim to , which
are pledges and debts, it is fitting to follow the claim as it is laid
out above, with the exceptions that there is no fifteen-day period; and
the possessions of that one and his heirs are held after his death. </p>
<p> LVIII. And a man who requests a survey of the boundaries between
himself and another man before the lord or before the bailli, the other
man should not evade in order that he does not have to establish the
boundaries: and the lord gives for these men surveyors according to his
will, whether five or three; these swear on relics in the presence of
the court and of the parties, that they will make the boundary survey
well and faithfully within forty days, following the custom of the
kingdom of Jerusalem. And the custom is such that if they find that the
survey has already been done, they should follow it; and if it has not
been done, they ought to do it. The register of the man of the court
[i.e. the clerk] is valued above all else, and after, the charter of a
lord, and after, faithful Roman Christian witnesses, and afterwards, all
Christian people of whatever sect they are, and afterwards,
unbelievers, which is necessary to make a finding. The surveyors are
held to make the survey to the best of their knowledge, mindful of the
tenures of those places and the ancient inheritances: and that which
they say about it should be upheld. </p>
<p> LIX. And, concerning requests which one makes to the lord in accordance with a <a href="#article-130" title="previlege">charter</a> which the lord's ancestors have made for the ancestors of the <a href="#article-131" title="requerant">one requesting it</a>,
the lord can reply that he does not believe that his ancestors ever had
clear tenure [of that property], and that it is not a gift but rather
it is a promise. And if the<a href="#article-131" title="requerant"> one who requests</a>
proves to the lord, just as he should, the tenure, so he might then
tell the lord that he does believe that he is the relative of the
original holder of the fief. And in order to prove the kinship, it is
fitting that it be proved by such witnesses as it is usual to prove
lineage; in such a way that they do that which witnesses must do; that
they see and hear that to whom the fief has been given and who had
tenure of it, holds the <a href="#article-131" title="requerant"> one who requests</a>
as a legal son, and he as a father to him. And if someone other than
the son who descended from him required it, he should arrive at the
proof of decent to himself, in the way that is described above. </p>
<p> LX. And the proof of the tenure presented to the lord ought to be by <a href="#article-78" title="recort de court">register of the court</a> or by <a href="#article-130" title="previlege ">a charter</a>
or by a man of the court. and the men of the court should swear and do
as legal witnesses ought to do. Never between a lord and a man are there
to be any trial by combat.</p>
<p> LXI. If any man brings a charter and requests by that charter a
thing for which someone other than the lord holds in tenure, he [the
lord] should respond as follows: that he does not wish to respond to
that which has been demanded on the basis of this charter. And he should
say the reason why: that the lord who made the charter, if he should be
present, may vouch or bear witness that the things which are in the
charter were made by him and that he had them done, not desiring that
his [the lord's] word, nor that of anyone else, should contradict the
tenure. And since that which he [the false claimant] might say or bear
witness to on his own behalf or out loud [in his own voice] is not worth
anything, it is apparent therefore that his [the lord's] seal, which
is in his power, that he may make and use at his will, should be worth
less than his word. </p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="page-notes">
<strong>Notes:</strong>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LVIII. Adam says that the list of acceptable documentation or guarantees comes from Philip of Novara.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LVIII. Adam says it's chapter 53 of Peter Edbury's edition of Ph. of Novara.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">Nicholas Paul</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LXI. Only makes sense if
the first half of the last sentence pertains to the false claimant
(forger?) and the second half pertains to the lord. </p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span class="page-note-username">lmorreale3</span></p>
<p class="page-note-content">LXI- here we see the option
for oral testimony (that of the lord) to trump written proof (the seal
presented by the false claimant).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="translation-1799">
<h3>Untitled Page 15</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>LXII. If I demand a fief that my lord holds, which was
given to my ancestor or to me, and I have valid proof against the lord, I
should be careful not to take possession as a gift, since I should have
it by the proof that I made concerning it, against the lord, by the
court's ruling. Because if I have such a thing, I will answer to no man
who asks anything of me concerning this fief, if he should ask me how I
proved it. </p>
<p> LXIII. If there is a dispute between one man and a second concerning
a fief, one should offer to prove that his ancestor died in possession
and holding it as his own, just as the court looked upon and
acknowledged to prove the grant. And the proof should be according to
two legal witnesses, and the second man who is called upon (to prove
tenure) may challenge the first. </p>
<p> LXIV. If any man has and holds any thing which he aggregates to his
fief, and his lord doubts it, he is required to swear on relics, with
his right hand, that it belongs to his fief. And one of his peers can
hold him up as a perjurer, if he so desires; and everyone is required by
his faith to do so, if he knows that he is a perjurer; and for such a
thing, a there will be a <a href="#article-137" title="trial by combat">trial by combat</a>.</p>
<p> LXV. For no dowry does a woman owe marriage to him from whom she holds it, nor should she marry without her own consent. </p>
<p> LXVI. And for all escheats of fief and balliage, she owes the marriage levy to the lord.</p>
<p> LXVII. And when the lord summons a woman to take a baron, he owes to
her to make a summons by three of these men, as the court; and he
should offer three barons, and that she should accept one within forty
days, or give a reason why she should not do it, such that the court
sees it and acknowledges, and if she does not do it, she has defaulted.</p>
<p> LXVIII. The custom concerning dowries according to the assises is
the following: that when a man dies, that all the goods, whatever they
may be, either movable or fixed, that one might find there, if he is a
knight, his wife should have half, provided that the death tax is paid.
And the tax should be paid with movables; and if there is not enough to
pay the tax, what is required, the heir should pay half and the wife the
other half. The wife can do nothing with what she owns in dowry, be it
fief or inheritance, but benefit from the rents for her livelihood. And
this is the assise of the knights.</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div id="translation-1800">
<h3>Untitled Page 16</h3>
<div class="page-content">
<p>LXIX. When the fief is partitioned as a dowry or among
sisters, the youngest should do the partitioning, from the first day she
is required to do so until the fortieth day; and then it should be put
forth in two charters, written by the eldest, in court, and the eldest
has a fortnight to choose.</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<hr>
<h2 class="divider">Subjects and Indices</h2>
<div class="subjects">
<div id="article-61">
<h3 class="article-title">adober</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1791">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-51">
<h3 class="article-title">Amauri</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>People</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-2">
<h3 class="article-title">assise</h3>
<div class="article-content">
<p>assize, session, legal action;<br>
http://www.anglo-norman.net/cgi-bin/form-s1</p>
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-3">Page 435</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-4">Page 436</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-5">Page 437</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-5">Page 437</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1914">untitled page 13</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1914">untitled page 13</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1904">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-57">
<h3 class="article-title">barons</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1902">untitled page 1</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1904">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1905">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-60">
<h3 class="article-title">batailles</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1791">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-46">
<h3 class="article-title">conoissance</h3>
<div class="article-content">
<p>Anglo-Norman Dictionary: "Knowledge", "understanding", "recognition", "judgment".<br>
http://www.anglo-norman.net/dict/AND-201-6BC207F4-72000253-803C2B87-D80A4DD4&amp;session=SNWK29693T1484857614</p>
<p> Godefroy: "Ordonnance, edict"; "jugement interlocutoire, par lequel
la court prononcait sur le merite d'une assertion allegue par une des
parties" <br>
http://micmap.org/dicfro/search/dictionnaire-godefroy/conoissance</p>
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1908">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1908">untitled page 7</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1909">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-34">
<h3 class="article-title">costumes</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-75">
<h3 class="article-title">covient</h3>
<div class="article-content">
<p>Does this mean "it is fitting" or that "it is necessary"?</p>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-9">Page 441</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-74">
<h3 class="article-title">encheu</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-80">
<h3 class="article-title">escheats</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1793">untitled page 9</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1793">untitled page 9</a>
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-62">
<h3 class="article-title">esgart</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-9">Page 441</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1791">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1913">untitled page 12</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1906">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1906">untitled page 5</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1907">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1907">untitled page 6</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1908">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1908">untitled page 7</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1909">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1910">untitled page 9</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-85">
<h3 class="article-title">essoine</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1795">Untitled Page 11</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-56">
<h3 class="article-title">feauté</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-73">
<h3 class="article-title">fei mentie</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-54">
<h3 class="article-title">fié</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-36">
<h3 class="article-title">fiés</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-52">
<h3 class="article-title">Girart de Seete</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>People</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-48">
<h3 class="article-title">homage</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1902">untitled page 1</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-41">
<h3 class="article-title">homages</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-38">
<h3 class="article-title">homes</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>People</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1791">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1904">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1908">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-3">
<h3 class="article-title">Jerusalem</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Places</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-3">Page 435</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-4">Page 436</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1902">untitled page 1</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1902">untitled page 1</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1913">untitled page 12</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1927">untitled page 26</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1904">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1905">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1906">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1906">untitled page 5</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1907">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1909">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1910">untitled page 9</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-47">
<h3 class="article-title">lige</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1791">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-59">
<h3 class="article-title">ligece</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-136">
<h3 class="article-title">pledge</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1797">Untitled Page 13</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-135">
<h3 class="article-title">plege</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1797">Untitled Page 13</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-130">
<h3 class="article-title">previlege</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1798">Untitled Page 14</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-78">
<h3 class="article-title">recort de court</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1798">Untitled Page 14</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1913">untitled page 12</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1908">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-131">
<h3 class="article-title">requerant</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1798">Untitled Page 14</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1908">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-29">
<h3 class="article-title">saisine</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>Legal Terms</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-5">Page 437</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-5">Page 437</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1907">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-37">
<h3 class="article-title">seignor</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-categories">
<strong>Categories:</strong>
<ul>
<li><small>People</small></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-9">Page 441</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1786">untitled page 2</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1787">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1788">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1791">untitled page 7</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1792">untitled page 8</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1911">untitled page 10</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1927">untitled page 26</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1904">untitled page 3</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1905">untitled page 4</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1906">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#page-1906">untitled page 5</a>
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1907">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1910">untitled page 9</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-108">
<h3 class="article-title">servise sole</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1795">Untitled Page 11</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-55">
<h3 class="article-title">teneure</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1790">untitled page 6</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-137">
<h3 class="article-title">trial by combat</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-9">Page 441</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-10">Page 442</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1799">Untitled Page 15</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1926">untitled page 25</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
<div id="article-58">
<h3 class="article-title">vavassors</h3>
<div class="article-content">
</div>
<div class="article-indices">
<strong>Pages:</strong>
<ul>
<li>
<small>
<a href="#translation-1789">untitled page 5</a> (translation)
</small>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- categorization here -->
<!-- subject article edit history here -->
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body></html>
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