Computation

You can just work with language-independent solutions.

Define a factorial function
Define a fibonacci function
Define a bubble_sort quick sort function which implements Bubble Sort algorithm.

Python Specific

Write a program that prints sum of even numbers from 0 to 100 as short as possible?
You have an list that contains lots of duplicated items. Create an unique_list function that returns a list of unique values. There are some ways to do this. The choice is yours.
How do you log process steps in your programs?
How you you debug your programs?
You have an a list of URLs. Create an fetch_responses function that yields HTTP responses for each URL in list.
Create a decorator that calculates and writes the execution time of decorated functions. Using of logging module is welcomed.

Explain how The Internet works basicly including HTTP's life cycle.
Create an phone-index application which runs on Django. You're totally free about features and UI design.
Create an blockchain-index application using aiohttp, and sqlalchemy by fetching data from coinmarketcap.com's APIs.