NewContainerHost.ps1

Install-Module -Name xPSDesiredStateConfiguration -Force

[DscLocalConfigurationManager()]
configuration LCM {
  Settings {
    RebootNodeIfNeeded = $true
    ActionAfterReboot = 'ContinueConfiguration'
  }
}

configuration Win10ContainerHost {
    Import-DscResource -ModuleName PSDesiredStateConfiguration
    Import-DscResource -ModuleName xPSDesiredStateConfiguration
    
    node localhost {
        WindowsOptionalFeature HyperV {
            Ensure = 'Enable'
            Name = 'Microsoft-Hyper-V-All'       
        }

        WindowsOptionalFeature Containers {
            Ensure = 'Enable'
            Name = 'Containers'            
        }
        
        xRemoteFile DockerD {
          DestinationPath = 'C:\Program Files\docker\dockerd.exe'
          Uri = 'https://master.dockerproject.org/windows/amd64/dockerd.exe'
        }

        xRemoteFile DockerClient {
          DestinationPath = 'C:\Program Files\docker\docker.exe'
          Uri = 'https://master.dockerproject.org/windows/amd64/docker.exe'
        }

        Environment DockerEnv {
          Path = $true
          Name = 'Path'
          Value = 'C:\Program Files\docker\'
        }

        script EnableDockerService {
          GetScript = {
            $result = if (Get-Service -Name Docker -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {'Service Present'} else {'Service Absent'}
            return @{
              GetScript = $GetScript
              SetScript = $SetScript
              TestScript = $TestScript
              Result = $Result
            }
          }
          SetScript = {
            & 'C:\Program Files\docker\dockerd.exe' --register-service
          }
          TestScript = {
            if (Get-Service -Name Docker -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
              return $true
            } else {
              return $false
            }
          }
          DependsOn = '[xRemoteFile]DockerD'
        }
        
        service DockerD {
          Name = 'Docker'
          State = 'Running'
          DependsOn = '[Script]EnableDockerService'
        }

        Registry VSmbDisableOplocks {
          Ensure = 'Present'
          Key = 'HKLM:SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Virtualization\Containers'
          ValueName = 'VSmbDisableOplocks'
          ValueData = 1
          ValueType = 'Dword'
        }
    }
}
LCM
Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager -Path .\LCM -Verbose
Win10ContainerHost
Start-DscConfiguration .\Win10ContainerHost -Wait -Verbose -Force

xRemoteFile downloads every time Start-DscConfiguration is used. This will throw an exception when the docker daemon is already active and xRemoteFile cannot overwrite the executable. If you want to rerun the configuration, stop the docker service first to avoid terminating exception.

Awesome script - I actually did a search for DSC for containers on Windows Server 2016 - but didn't think to include Windows 10! Doh! Finding this would have actually saved me a lot of effort! Doh!