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Y组合子是Lambda演算的一部分,也是函数式编程的理论基础。 | |
它是一种方法/技巧,在没有赋值语句的前提下定义递归的匿名函数。 | |
即仅仅通过Lambda表达式这个最基本的“原子”实现循环/迭代。 | |
颇有道生一、一生二、二生三、三生万物的感觉。 | |
虽然Y组合子在理论上很优美,但在实际开发中并不会真的用到。 | |
想要了解Y组合子是什么,请参见维基百科:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_combinator#Y_combinator | |
或者知乎上的回答:http://www.zhihu.com/question/20115649 | |
下面用10种不同的编程语言实现了Y组合子版的递归阶乘函数。 | |
分别展示了在这10种语言 | |
1. 如何定义、返回、调用匿名函数; | |
2. 如何定义参数数目不定的函数; | |
3. 如何将数组里的元素平坦开来传递给函数; | |
4. 三元表达式的使用方法。 | |
等诸多语法特性 |
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(defn y-combinator [f] | |
(#(% %) (fn [x] (f #(apply (x x) %&))))) | |
((y-combinator | |
(fn [fab] | |
#(if (zero? %) 1 (* % (fab (dec %)))))) | |
10) |
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var y_combinator = function(fn) { | |
return (function(u) { | |
return u(u); | |
})(function(x) { | |
return fn(function() { | |
return x(x).apply(null, arguments); | |
}); | |
}); | |
}; | |
y_combinator(function(fab) { | |
return function(n) { | |
return n <= 1? 1: n * fab(n - 1); | |
}; | |
})(10); |
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(defun y-combinator (f) | |
((lambda (u) | |
(funcall u u)) | |
(lambda (x) | |
(funcall f (lambda (&rest args) | |
(apply (funcall x x) args)))))) | |
(funcall (y-combinator | |
(lambda (fab) | |
(lambda (n) | |
(if (zerop n) | |
1 | |
(* n (funcall fab (1- n))))))) | |
10) |
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function y_combinator(f) | |
return (function(u) | |
return u(u) | |
end)(function(x) | |
return f(function(...) | |
return x(x)(unpack(arg)) | |
end) | |
end) | |
end | |
print(y_combinator(function(fab) | |
return function(n) | |
return n < 2 and 1 or n * fab(n-1) | |
end | |
end)(10)) |
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function y_combinator($f) { | |
return call_user_func(function($u) { | |
return $u($u); | |
}, function($x) use ($f) { | |
return $f(function() use ($x) { | |
return call_user_func_array($x($x), func_get_args()); | |
}); | |
}); | |
} | |
echo call_user_func(y_combinator(function($fab) { | |
return function($n) use ($fab) { | |
return ($n < 2)? 1: ($n * $fab($n-1)); | |
}; | |
}), 10); |
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sub y_combinator { | |
my $f = shift; | |
sub { $_[0]->($_[0]); }->(sub { | |
my $x = shift; | |
$f->(sub { $x->($x)->(@_); }); | |
}); | |
} | |
print y_combinator(sub { | |
my $fab = shift; | |
sub { $_[0] < 2? 1: $_[0] * $fab->($_[0] - 1); }; | |
})->(10); |
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def y_combinator(f): | |
return (lambda u: u(u))(lambda x: f(lambda *args: x(x)(*args))) | |
y_combinator(lambda fab: lambda n: 1 if n < 2 else n * fab(n-1))(10) |
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def y_combinator(&f) | |
lambda {|&u| u[&u]}.call do |&x| | |
f[&lambda {|*a| x[&x][*a]}] | |
end | |
end | |
y_combinator do |&fab| | |
lambda {|n| n.zero? ? 1: n*fab[n-1]} | |
end[10] |
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(define (y-combinator f) | |
((lambda (u) | |
(u u)) | |
(lambda (x) | |
(f (lambda args | |
(apply (x x) args)))))) | |
((y-combinator | |
(lambda (fab) | |
(lambda (n) | |
(if (zero? n) | |
1 | |
(* n (fab (- n 1))))))) | |
10) ; => 3628800 |
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package me.zzp.fn; | |
public class YCombinator { | |
interface Lambda<E> { | |
public E call(Object... args); | |
} | |
public static Lambda<Lambda> yCombinator(final Lambda<Lambda> f) { | |
return new Lambda<Lambda>() { | |
@Override | |
public Lambda call(Object... args) { | |
final Lambda<Lambda> u = (Lambda<Lambda>) args[0]; | |
return u.call(u); | |
} | |
}.call(new Lambda<Lambda>() { | |
@Override | |
public Lambda call(Object... args) { | |
final Lambda<Lambda> x = (Lambda<Lambda>) args[0]; | |
return f.call(new Lambda<Object>() { | |
@Override | |
public Object call(Object... args) { | |
return x.call(x).call(args); | |
} | |
}); | |
} | |
}); | |
} | |
public static void main(String[] args) { | |
Lambda<Lambda> y = yCombinator(new Lambda<Lambda>() { | |
@Override | |
public Lambda call(Object... args) { | |
final Lambda<Integer> fab = (Lambda<Integer>) args[0]; | |
return new Lambda<Integer>() { | |
@Override | |
public Integer call(Object... args) { | |
Integer n = Integer.parseInt(args[0].toString()); | |
if (n < 2) { | |
return Integer.valueOf(1); | |
} else { | |
return n * fab.call(n - 1); | |
} | |
} | |
}; | |
} | |
}); | |
System.out.println(y.call(10)); | |
} | |
} |
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