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QEMU emulator version 2.5.0 (Debian 1:2.5+dfsg-5ubuntu10.16), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard |
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usage: qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image] |
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'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0 |
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Standard options: |
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-h or -help display this help and exit |
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-version display version information and exit |
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-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]] |
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selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list) |
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property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator |
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supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg) |
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kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support |
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vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto) |
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kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU |
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dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on) |
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mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on) |
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iommu=on|off controls emulated Intel IOMMU (VT-d) support (default=off) |
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igd-passthru=on|off controls IGD GFX passthrough support (default=off) |
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aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on) |
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dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on) |
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suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off) |
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-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list) |
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-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets] |
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set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1] |
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maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including |
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offline CPUs for hotplug, etc |
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cores= number of CPU cores on one socket |
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threads= number of threads on one CPU core |
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sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system |
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-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node] |
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-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node] |
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-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque] |
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Add 'fd' to fd 'set' |
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-set group.id.arg=value |
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set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group> |
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i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image |
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-global driver.property=value |
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-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value |
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set a global default for a driver property |
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-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off] |
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[,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off] |
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'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n) |
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'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on |
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'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms |
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'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms |
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-m[emory] [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size] |
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configure guest RAM |
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size: initial amount of guest memory |
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slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none) |
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maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none) |
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NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity |
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-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM |
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-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path) |
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-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French) |
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-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options |
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-soundhw c1,... enable audio support |
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and only specified sound cards (comma separated list) |
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use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards |
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use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them |
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-balloon none disable balloon device |
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-balloon virtio[,addr=str] |
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enable virtio balloon device (default) |
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-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]] |
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add device (based on driver) |
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prop=value,... sets driver properties |
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use '-device help' to print all possible drivers |
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use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties |
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-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off] |
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set the name of the guest |
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string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux) |
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When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name (on Linux) |
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NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API. |
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-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x |
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specify machine UUID |
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Block device options: |
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-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image |
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-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image |
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-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image |
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-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master) |
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-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i] |
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[,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off] |
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[,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f] |
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[,serial=s][,addr=A][,rerror=ignore|stop|report] |
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[,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native] |
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[,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off] |
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[,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap] |
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[[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]] |
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[[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]] |
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[[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]] |
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[[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]] |
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[[,iops_size=is]] |
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[[,group=g]] |
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use 'file' as a drive image |
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-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image |
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-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image |
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-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image |
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-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files |
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-hdachs c,h,s[,t] |
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force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS |
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translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them) |
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-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}] |
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[,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd] |
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-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none] |
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[,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd] |
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-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image |
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USB options: |
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-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon) |
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-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name' |
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Display options: |
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-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off] |
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[,window_close=on|off]|curses|none| |
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gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off]| |
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vnc=<display>[,<optargs>] |
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select display type |
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-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console |
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-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL |
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-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations |
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-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) |
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-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) |
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-no-quit disable SDL window close capability |
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-sdl enable SDL |
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-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>] |
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[,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>] |
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[,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>] |
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[,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6|unix] |
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[,tls-ciphers=<list>] |
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[,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]] |
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[,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]] |
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[,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing] |
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[,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]] |
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[,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]] |
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[,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]] |
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[,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste] |
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[,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]] |
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[,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]] |
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enable spice |
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at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory |
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-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD) |
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-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD) |
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-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none] |
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select video card type |
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-full-screen start in full screen |
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-vnc display start a VNC server on display |
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1 target only: |
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-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug |
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-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks |
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-no-acpi disable ACPI |
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-no-hpet disable HPET |
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-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...] |
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ACPI table description |
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-smbios file=binary |
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load SMBIOS entry from binary file |
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-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d] |
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[,uefi=on|off] |
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specify SMBIOS type 0 fields |
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-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str] |
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[,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str] |
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specify SMBIOS type 1 fields |
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-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str] |
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[,asset=str][,location=str] |
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specify SMBIOS type 2 fields |
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-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str] |
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[,sku=str] |
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specify SMBIOS type 3 fields |
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-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str] |
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[,asset=str][,part=str] |
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specify SMBIOS type 4 fields |
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-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str] |
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[,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d] |
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specify SMBIOS type 17 fields |
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Network options: |
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-netdev user,id=str[,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on|off] |
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[,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir] |
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[,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]] |
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configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str', |
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its DHCP server and optional services |
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-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile] |
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[,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off] |
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[,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n] |
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configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' |
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use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup) |
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to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown) |
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to deconfigure it |
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use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution |
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use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to |
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configure it |
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use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface |
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use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces |
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use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the |
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default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576') |
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use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag |
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use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition |
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use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator |
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(only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX) |
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use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests |
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use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device |
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use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices |
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use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP |
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-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper] |
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configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is |
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connected to a bridge (default=br0) |
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using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) |
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-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport] |
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[,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off] |
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[,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie] |
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[,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset] |
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configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to |
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an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire. |
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Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk |
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L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM, |
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VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal |
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standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static |
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pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel). |
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use 'src=' to specify source address |
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use 'dst=' to specify destination address |
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use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation |
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use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port |
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use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port |
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use 'ipv6=on' to force v6 |
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L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as |
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well as a weak security measure |
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use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie |
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use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie |
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use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32 |
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use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter |
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use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer |
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use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data |
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-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port] |
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configure a network backend to connect to another network |
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using a socket connection |
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-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]] |
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configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port |
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use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from |
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-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port] |
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configure a network backend to connect to another network |
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using an UDP tunnel |
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-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off] |
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configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev' |
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-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n |
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configure a hub port on QEMU VLAN 'n' |
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-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v] |
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old way to create a new NIC and connect it to VLAN 'n' |
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(use the '-device devtype,netdev=str' option if possible instead) |
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-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n] |
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dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet) |
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-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option |
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is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user' |
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-net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,vlan=n][,option][,option][,...] |
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old way to initialize a host network interface |
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(use the -netdev option if possible instead) |
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Character device options: |
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-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds] |
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[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (tcp) |
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-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off] (unix) |
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-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr] |
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[,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]] |
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[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size] |
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-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off] |
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-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
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-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug] |
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-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug] |
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Device URL Syntax: |
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-iscsi [user=user][,password=password] |
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[,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE |
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[,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn] |
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[,timeout=timeout] |
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iSCSI session parameters |
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Bluetooth(R) options: |
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-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands |
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-bt hci,host[:id] |
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use host's HCI with the given name |
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-bt hci[,vlan=n] |
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emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n' |
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-bt vhci[,vlan=n] |
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add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI |
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-bt device:dev[,vlan=n] |
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emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n' |
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TPM device options: |
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-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path] |
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use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0 |
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use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if |
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not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device |
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Linux/Multiboot boot specific: |
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-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image |
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-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line |
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-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk |
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-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image |
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Debug/Expert options: |
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-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file> |
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add named fw_cfg entry from file |
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-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str> |
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add named fw_cfg entry from string |
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-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev' |
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-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev' |
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-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev' |
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-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode |
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-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting |
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-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default] |
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-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev' |
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-pidfile file write PID to 'file' |
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-singlestep always run in singlestep mode |
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-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution) |
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-realtime [mlock=on|off] |
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run qemu with realtime features |
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mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on) |
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-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev' |
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-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234 |
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-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items) |
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-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr) |
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-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps |
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-bios file set the filename for the BIOS |
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-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support |
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-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id |
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-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend |
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warning: should not be used when xend is in use |
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-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain |
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xend will use this when starting QEMU |
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-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting |
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-no-shutdown stop before shutdown |
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-loadvm [tag|id] |
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start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor) |
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-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing |
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-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space |
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-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew] |
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set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only) |
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-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=no,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>] |
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enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per |
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instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks |
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or disable real time cpu sleeping |
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-watchdog model |
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enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none] |
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-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none |
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action when watchdog fires [default=reset] |
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-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a |
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-virtioconsole c |
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set virtio console |
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-show-cursor show cursor |
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-tb-size n set TB size |
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-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6] |
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-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6] |
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-incoming unix:socketpath |
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prepare for incoming migration, listen on |
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specified protocol and socket address |
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-incoming fd:fd |
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-incoming exec:cmdline |
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accept incoming migration on given file descriptor |
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or from given external command |
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-incoming defer |
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wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming |
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-nodefaults don't create default devices |
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-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM |
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-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM |
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-sandbox <arg> Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off'). |
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-readconfig <file> |
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-writeconfig <file> |
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read/write config file |
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-nodefconfig |
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do not load default config files at startup |
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-no-user-config |
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do not load user-provided config files at startup |
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-trace [events=<file>][,file=<file>] |
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specify tracing options |
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-enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance |
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-msg timestamp[=on|off] |
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change the format of messages |
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on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on) |
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-dump-vmstate <file> |
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Output vmstate information in JSON format to file. |
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Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to |
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check for possible regressions in migration code |
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by comparing two such vmstate dumps. |
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Generic object creation |
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-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...] |
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create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties |
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in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id' |
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property must be set. These objects are placed in the |
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'/objects' path. |
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During emulation, the following keys are useful: |
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ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen |
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ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n' |
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ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab |
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When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. |
