bootstrap.js

const {classes: Cc, interfaces: Ci, utils: Cu} = Components;
const self = this;

Cu.import("resource://gre/modules/XPCOMUtils.jsm");
Cu.import("resource://gre/modules/Services.jsm");

XPCOMUtils.defineLazyGetter(this, "protocol", function () {
    var url = "resource://sourceless/protocol.js";
    Cu.unload(url);
    var temp = {};
    Cu.import(url, temp);
    return temp;
});


function startup(data, reason) {
    var resHandler = Services.io.getProtocolHandler("resource").QueryInterface(Ci.nsIResProtocolHandler);
    resHandler.setSubstitution("sourceless", Services.io.newURI("components/", null, data.resourceURI));

    //Components.manager.addBootstrappedManifestLocation(data.installPath);
    protocol.startup();
    Cu.reportError("ok");

    try {
    var uri = "test:resource://sourceless/test.js";
    // xxx:
    // 1. nsINestedURInsINested URI.nestURI instanceof nsIFileURI
    // 2. URI scheme is chorome
    Services.scriptloader.loadSubScript(uri + "?" + Date.now(), new Object);
    Cu.unload(uri);
    // xxx: now cannot support
    // channel.URI instanceof nsIJARURI or nsIFileURI
    Cu.import(uri, new Object);
    } catch (ex) {Cu.reportError(ex);}
}

function shutdown(data, reason) {
    protocol.shutdown();
}
function install(data, reason) {
}
function uninstall(data, reason) {
}

chrome.manifest

install.rdf

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<RDF xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns:em="http://www.mozilla.org/2004/em-rdf#">
  <Description about="urn:mozilla:install-manifest">
    <!-- properties -->
    <em:id>[email protected]</em:id>
    <em:name>sourceless</em:name>
    <em:version>0.0.1</em:version>
    <em:creator>caisui</em:creator>
    <em:bootstrap>true</em:bootstrap>
    <em:optionsURL></em:optionsURL>

    <em:targetApplication>
     <Description>
      <em:id>{ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384}</em:id>
      <em:minVersion>8.0</em:minVersion>
      <em:maxVersion>99.*</em:maxVersion>
     </Description>
    </em:targetApplication>
  </Description>
</RDF>

Makefile

src= install.rdf Makefile $(shell find . \( -name '*.js' -or -name chrome.manifest \))
output=sourceless.xpi

xpi: $(src)
	zip $(output) -r $(src)

protocol.js

var EXPORTED_SYMBOLS = ["startup", "shutdown"];
const Ci = Components.interfaces, Cc = Components.classes, Cu = Components.utils;

Cu.import("resource://gre/modules/XPCOMUtils.jsm");
Cu.import("resource://gre/modules/Services.jsm");

XPCOMUtils.defineLazyGetter(this, "Cm", function () {
    return Components.manager.QueryInterface(Ci.nsIComponentRegistrar);
});

function Protocol() {
    this.wrappedJSObject = this;
}
var P = Protocol.prototype;
var schema = "test";

var contractID = P.contractID = "@mozilla.org/network/protocol;1?name=" + schema;
var classID = P.classID = Components.ID("{A0D7DF10-2D96-48ae-9CC7-2DB06AFD59A5}");
var classDescription = P.classDescription = "sourceless orz";

P.QueryInterface = XPCOMUtils.generateQI([Components.interfaces.nsIProtocolHandler]);
P.scheme = schema;
P.defaultPort = -1,
P.allowPorta = function (port, scheme) false;
P.protocolFlags = let (i = Ci.nsIProtocolHandler)
      i.URI_IS_LOCAL_RESOURCE
    | i.URI_IS_UI_RESOURCE;
P.newURI =  function newURI(spec, charset, baseURI) {
    var uri = Services.io.newURI(spec.substr(this.scheme.length + 1), charset, null);
    if (uri.scheme === "chrome") {
        uri = Cc["@mozilla.org/chrome/chrome-registry;1"]
            .getService(Ci.nsIChromeRegistry)
            .convertChromeURL(uri);
    }
    var nest = Cc["@mozilla.org/network/util;1"].getService(Ci.nsINetUtil).newSimpleNestedURI(uri);
    nest.spec = spec;
    return nest;
};
P.newChannel = function newChannel(uri) {
    if (uri instanceof Ci.nsINestedURI) {
        try {
            var nestURI = Services.io.newURI(uri.path, uri.originCharset, null);
            var channel = Services.io.newChannelFromURI(nestURI);
            var stream = Cc["@mozilla.org/scriptableinputstream;1"]
                            .createInstance(Ci.nsIScriptableInputStream);
            var cstream = channel.open();
            stream.init(cstream);
            var text = stream.read(-1);
            stream.close();
            cstream.close();

            //xxx:
            //text = convert(text);
            //text += "\n1+1;";

            var dataURI = Services.io.newURI("data:text/javascript;encoding=UTF-8," + encodeURIComponent(text), null, null);
            channel = Services.io.newChannelFromURI(dataURI);
            channel.originalURI = nestURI;
            return channel;
        } catch (ex) { Cu.reportError(ex); }
    }
    throw new Error;
};
delete P;

var factory = {
    self: null,
    QueryInterface: function(iid) {
        if (iid.equals(Ci.nsISupports) || iid.equals(Ci.nsIFactory))
            return this;

        throw Cr.NS_ERROR_NO_AGGREGATION;
    },
    //xxx: outer?
    createInstance: function (outer, iid) {
        if (outer != null) {
            throw Cr.NS_ERROR_NO_AGGREGATION;
        }
        return this.self || (this.self = (new Protocol).QueryInterface(iid));
    },
};

function startup() {
    Cm.registerFactory(classID, classDescription, contractID, factory);
}

function shutdown() {
    try {
        // xxx: processNextEvent が 無いと 失敗することがある
        Services.tm.mainThread.processNextEvent(true);
        Cm.unregisterFactory(classID, factory);
    } catch (ex) { Cu.reportError(ex); }
    Cu.reportError("unregsiter factory");
}

sourceless.xpi

test.js

Components.utils.reportError((function () {}).toString());

問題は以下のエラーでしょうか？

時刻: 2012/09/14 23:48:05
エラー: [Exception... "Component returned failure code: 0x80004002 (NS_NOINTERFACE) [nsIXPCComponents_Utils.import]"  nsresult: "0x80004002 (NS_NOINTERFACE)"  location: "JS frame :: resource:///modules/XPIProvider.jsm -> jar:file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/teramako/Application%20Data/Mozilla/Firefox/Profiles/zyi1wr9j.default/extensions/[email protected]!/bootstrap.js :: startup :: line 33"  data: no]
ソースファイル: resource:///modules/XPIProvider.jsm -> jar:file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/teramako/Application%20Data/Mozilla/Firefox/Profiles/zyi1wr9j.default/extensions/[email protected]!/bootstrap.js
行: 34

Vimperatorから以下を実行しても同じようなエラーが出たので、dataURIではダメなのかもしれません。

Cu.import('data:application/javascript,'+encodeURIComponent('var EXPORTED_SYMBOLS=["test"]; var test = {};'), {})

Cu.importの実装を見てみました。
http://mxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/source/js/xpconnect/loader/mozJSComponentLoader.cpp#1064

引数のaLocationのURLからローカルファイルのオブジェクトへ変換しているように思われます。その辺りで失敗してNS_NOINTERFACEが出ているように思います。

ありがとうございます。
import は、dataURIでない方法で渡さないと無理でそうですね。