This script automates installation of Docker Desktop on Windows 10 and uses WSL2

win10dockerinstallwsl2.ps1

set-executionpolicy -scope CurrentUser -executionPolicy Bypass -Force
If (-NOT ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator))
{
  # Relaunch as an elevated process:
  Start-Process powershell.exe "-File",('"{0}"' -f $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path) -Verb RunAs
  exit
}

$ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'

 Function GenerateFolder($path) {
    $global:foldPath = $null
    foreach($foldername in $path.split("\")) {
        $global:foldPath += ($foldername+"\")
        if (!(Test-Path $global:foldPath)){
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $global:foldPath
            # Write-Host "$global:foldPath Folder Created Successfully"
        }
    }
}

function getStatus
{
    try {
        # First we create the request.
    $HTTP_Request = [System.Net.WebRequest]::Create('http://localhost')

    # We then get a response from the site.
    $HTTP_Response = $HTTP_Request.GetResponse()

    # We then get the HTTP code as an integer.
    return  [int]$HTTP_Response.StatusCode
    } catch [System.Net.WebException] {

    }
}

GenerateFolder "~/AppData/Roaming/Docker/"

Write-Host "Checking if Hyper-V is enabled."
$hyperv = Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V-All -Online

# Check if Hyper-V is enabled
if($hyperv.State -eq "Enabled") {
    Write-Host "Hyper-V is enabled."
    
    $wsl = Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux -Online

    if($wsl.State -eq "Enabled") {
       
        Write-Host "WSL is enabled."

        if ([Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem)
        {
            Write-Host "System is x64. Need to update Linux kernel..."
            if (-not (Test-Path wsl_update_x64.msi))
            {
                Write-Host "Downloading Linux kernel update package..."
                Invoke-WebRequest -OutFile wsl_update_x64.msi https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi
            }
            Write-Host "Installing Linux kernel update package..."
            Start-Process msiexec.exe -Wait -ArgumentList '/I wsl_update_x64.msi /quiet'
            Write-Host "Linux kernel update package installed."
        }

        Write-Host "WSL is enabled. Setting it to WSL2"
        wsl --set-default-version 2

        # disable distro install 
        # no need to install distro as docker runs on its own distro
        <#
        if (-not (Test-Path Ubuntu.zip))
        {
            Write-Host "Downloading wsl-ubuntu-1804..."
            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1804 -OutFile Ubuntu.zip -UseBasicParsing
            Expand-Archive Ubuntu.zip 'C:\Ubuntu'
            
            Write-Host "A pop up widow will open shortly..."
            Write-Host "Once prompted provide user name, password and confirm password..."
            Write-Host "This does not have to be your windows user name and password. You can provide any of your prefered username and a password."
            Write-Host "Onec the Linux prompt is shown type exit and press enter."

            Start-Process c:\Ubuntu\ubuntu1804.exe -Wait
        }
        
        wsl -l -v
        wsl --set-version Ubuntu-18.04 2
        wsl -l -v
        #>

        if (-not (Test-Path DockerInstaller.exe))
        {
            Write-Host "Installing Docker."

            
            Write-Host "Downloading the Docker exe"
            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://desktop.docker.com/win/stable/Docker%20Desktop%20Installer.exe -OutFile DockerInstaller.exe -UseBasicParsing
            Write-Host "Download Completed"
            
            start-process .\DockerInstaller.exe "install --quiet" -Wait -NoNewWindow
            cd "C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\"
            Write-Host "Installing Docker..."
            $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
            & '.\Docker Desktop.exe'
            $env:Path += ";C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources\bin"
            $env:Path += ";C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources"
            Write-Host "Docker Installed successfully"
            Write-Host "You must reboot the sytem to continue. After reboot re-run the script."
            Restart-Computer -Confirm 
        }
        Write-Host "Starting docker..."
        $ErrorActionPreference = 'SilentlyContinue';
        do { $var1 = docker ps 2>$null } while (-Not $var1)
        $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop';
        $env:Path += ";C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources\bin"
        $env:Path += ";C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources"
        Write-Host "Docker Started successfully"
    
        
    } 
    else {
        Write-Host "WSL is disabled."
        Write-Host "Enabling WSL2 feature now"
    
        & cmd /c 'dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart'
        & cmd /c 'dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart'
        Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName VirtualMachinePlatform
        Start-Sleep 30
        Write-Host "WSL is enabled now reboot the system and re-run the script to continue the installation."
    }
    



} else {
    Write-Host "Hyper-V is disabled."
    Write-Host "Enabling Hyper-V feature now"
    Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All
    Start-Sleep 30
    Write-Host "Hyper-V is enabled now reboot the system and re-run the script to continue the installation."
}



<#
REFERENCES USED FOR WRITING THIS SCRIPT

https://adamtheautomator.com/windows-subsystem-for-linux/#:~:text=To%20start%20using%20WSL%2C%20open,exe%20provides%20when%20starting%20up.
https://superuser.com/questions/1271682/is-there-a-way-of-installing-ubuntu-windows-subsystem-for-linux-on-win10-v170
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61396435/how-do-i-check-the-os-architecture32-or-64-bit-using-powershell
https://renenyffenegger.ch/notes/Windows/Subsystem-for-Linux/index
https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/wsl/
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
https://superuser.com/questions/1271682/is-there-a-way-of-installing-ubuntu-windows-subsystem-for-linux-on-win10-v170

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WSL

https://winaero.com/export-import-wsl-linux-distro-windows-10/
#>

@yakoobali588 WSL settings will not get updated until restart, so Docker will not be functional without restarting. You could wait to restart of course, but you would still have to do this later on, such as after installing other things.

You could disable Restart-Computer -Confirm on line 108-109 to accomplish this.

Does this script take care of adding the windows username to the docker-users group in Computer Management? I did not see that here and so I ask.

Does this script take care of adding the windows username to the docker-users group in Computer Management? I did not see that here and so I ask.

The user running the installation is added to the local group docker-users automatically. The problem starts when the installation is done in a system context.
I solved this by adding this to my PowerShell installation script:

$users = Get-ChildItem c:\users
foreach($user in $users){
    if($user.name -ne "defaultuser0" -and $user.name -ne "Public"){
        $DOCKER_USER = $user.name
		net localgroup docker-users "$DOCKER_USER" /ADD
    }
}

It's maybe not the most elegant solution, but it works!

Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process -ExecutionPolicy Bypass
if you need to run an unsigned script