raspios-lite.qemu

# aria2c https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/raspios_lite_arm64/images/raspios_lite_arm64-2025-10-02/2025-10-01-raspios-trixie-arm64-lite.img.xz
# unxz 2025-10-01-raspios-trixie-arm64-lite.img.xz
# 
# qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 2025-10-01-raspios-trixie-arm64-lite.img raspios-lite.qcow2
# qemu-img resize raspios-lite.qcow2 +20G
# 
# rm 2025-10-01-raspios-trixie-arm64-lite.img

Use Raspberry Pi Imager to build an image

cp /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_VARS.fd

/bin/qemu-system-arm64 \
    -name raspios-lite,process=raspios-lite \
    -machine virt,accel=kvm \
    # -cpu cortex-a72 \
    -cpu max \
    -smp cores=3 \
    -m 4G \
    -device virtio-balloon \
    -pidfile raspios-lite.pid \
    -rtc base=utc,clock=host \
    -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=rng0 \
    -object rng-random,id=rng0,filename=/dev/urandom \
    -device qemu-xhci,id=spicepass \
    -chardev spicevmc,id=usbredirchardev1,name=usbredir \
    -device usb-redir,chardev=usbredirchardev1,id=usbredirdev1 \
    -chardev spicevmc,id=usbredirchardev2,name=usbredir \
    -device usb-redir,chardev=usbredirchardev2,id=usbredirdev2 \
    -chardev spicevmc,id=usbredirchardev3,name=usbredir \
    -device usb-redir,chardev=usbredirchardev3,id=usbredirdev3 \
    -device pci-ohci,id=smartpass \
    -device usb-ccid \
    -chardev spicevmc,id=ccid,name=smartcard \
    -device ccid-card-passthru,chardev=ccid \
    -device usb-ehci,id=input \
    -device usb-kbd,bus=input.0 \
    -k en-us \
    -device usb-tablet,bus=input.0 \
    -audiodev pa,id=audio0 \
    -device intel-hda \
    -device hda-micro,audiodev=audio0 \
    -device virtio-net,netdev=nic \
    -netdev user,hostname=raspios-lite,hostfwd=tcp::22221-:22,id=nic \
    -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=0,file=/usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd,readonly=on \
    -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=AAVMF_VARS.fd \
    -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=SystemDisk \
    -drive id=SystemDisk,if=none,format=qcow2,file=raspios-lite.qcow2 \
    -monitor unix:raspios-lite-monitor.socket,server,nowait \
    -serial unix:raspios-lite-serial.socket,server,nowait \
    -nographic -serial mon:stdio

socat STDIO,cfmakeraw UNIX:raspios-lite-serial.socket
socat STDIO,cfmakeraw,isig=1 UNIX:raspios-lite-monitor.socket