windows 10 install.wim extraction and using it for MSU

gistfile1.txt

notes on dism etc

download matching windows 10 ISO matching winver.exe, mount the iso or extract it
  
@powershell
  Mount-DiskImage -ImagePath "c:\temp\Windows-10x64.iso"
  (Get-DiskImage "c:\temp\Windows-10x64.iso" | Get-Volume).DriveLetter

if htere is no install.wim and its an install.esd instead
and change to the directory where it is, show the types of windows that are available
  dism /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:install.esd

find the matching  id for the current OS install (Pro etc), and set the SourceIndex correctly, set a output folder and extract the install.win from the esd
  dism /export-image /SourceImageFile:install.esd /SourceIndex:6 /DestinationImageFile:F:\install.wim /Compress:max /CheckIntegrity

msu cmd line install
  wusa.exe c:\Temp\windows10.0-kb5005033-x64_ebab415d7a65f0b33f93e9a30875d74baa8930a7.msu /quiet /norestart

for failed windows update MSUs (like if you removed defender), see C:\Windows\Logs\dism\dism.log or C:\Windows\Logs\cbs\CBS.log

expand the msu
  expand -F:* c:\temp\windows10.0-kb5005033-x64_ebab415d7a65f0b33f93e9a30875d74baa8930a7.msu C:\temp\cab

try passing /Source to the wim to the /Add-Package and the cab of the msu, or the msu to dism and attempt the install again (wim is usually a >4GB file)
  DISM /Online /Add-Package /PackagePath:c:\temp\cab\Windows10.0-KB5005033-x64.cab /Source:c:\temp\install.wim
 
though dism does seem to complain about the /Source option (see dism.log) and its not listed for /Add-Package



mount wim
  dism /mount-wim /WimFile:g:\sources\install.wim /Index:7 /mountdir:F:\wim\ /ReadOnly
  
  dism /Online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:Windows-Defender /all /source:WIM:g:\sources\install.wim:7