Regex for test credit card brand

test.php

<?php

// Test cards
$cards = array(
	'378282246310005',     // American Express
	'371449635398431',     // American Express
	'5078601870000127985', // Aura
	'5078601800003247449', // Aura
	'30569309025904',      // Diners Club
	'38520000023237',      // Diners Club
	'6011111111111117',    // Discover
	'6362970000457013',    // Elo
	'6062825624254001',    // Hipercard
	'5555555555554444',    // MasterCard
	'5105105105105100',    // MasterCard
	'6759649826438453',    // Maestro
	'6799990100000000019', // Maestro
	'4111111111111111',    // Visa
	'4012888888881881',    // Visa
);

// Brands regex
$brands = array(
	'visa'       => '/^4\d{12}(\d{3})?$/',
	'mastercard' => '/^(5[1-5]\d{4}|677189)\d{10}$/',
	'diners'     => '/^3(0[0-5]|[68]\d)\d{11}$/',
	'discover'   => '/^6(?:011|5[0-9]{2})[0-9]{12}$/',
	'elo'        => '/^((((636368)|(438935)|(504175)|(451416)|(636297))\d{0,10})|((5067)|(4576)|(4011))\d{0,12})$/',
	'amex'       => '/^3[47]\d{13}$/',
	'jcb'        => '/^(?:2131|1800|35\d{3})\d{11}$/',
	'aura'       => '/^(5078\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{11})$/',
	'hipercard'  => '/^(606282\d{10}(\d{3})?)|(3841\d{15})$/',
	'maestro'    => '/^(?:5[0678]\d\d|6304|6390|67\d\d)\d{8,15}$/',
);

// Run test
foreach ( $cards as $number ) {
	$brand = 'undefined';

	foreach ( $brands as $_brand => $regex ) {
		if ( preg_match( $regex, $number ) ) {
			$brand = $_brand;
			break;
		}
	}

	echo '<pre>' . print_r( array( $number, $brand ), true ) . '</pre>';
}

Fiz um nova versão que me atendeu para todos os cenários da imagem considerando cartões de 16 dígitos:

^(?:40117[8-9]|431274|438935|451416|457393|45763[1-2]|504175|506699|5067(?:[0-6][0-9]|7[0-8])|509[0-9][0-9][0-9]|627780|636297|636368|6500(?:3[1-3]|3[5-9]|4[0-9]|5[0-1])|650(?:4(?:0[5-9]|[1-9][0-9])|5(?:[0-2][0-9]|3[0-8]|4[1-9]|[5-8][0-9]|9[0-8]))|6507(?:0[0-9]|1[0-8]|2[0-7])|6509(?:0[1-9]|1[0-9]|20)|6516(?:5[2-9]|[6-7][0-9])|6550(?:[0-1][0-9]|2[1-9]|[3-4][0-9]|5[0-8])|65165[2-4]|65048[5-8]|650489|65049[0-4])\d{10}$