[Matrix Transformations Without Numpy] #python

transforms.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

def transpose(matrix):
    "Swap the rows and columns of a 2-D matrix."
    return [list(row) for row in zip(*matrix, strict=True)]


def rotate(matrix):
    """
    Rotate a matrix 90 degrees clockwise
    """
    return list(list(row) for row in zip(*matrix[::-1]))


def reflect(matrix, axis):
    """
    Reflect a matrix across an axis
    If axis=0, reflect vertically (up-down)
    If axis=1, reflect horizontally (left-right)
    """
    if axis == 0:
        return list(reversed(matrix))
    elif axis == 1:
        return [list(reversed(row)) for row in matrix]
    else:
        raise ValueError("Unknown axis: %i" % axis)


def invert(matrix):
    """
    Reflect a matrix both horizontally and vertically
    """
    return reflect(reflect(matrix,0),1)


def translate(matrix, rows, cols):
    """
    Translate a matrix by a number of rows and columns.
    Positive values cause rightward or downward translation.
    """
    return [[matrix[(r+rows) % len(matrix)][(c+cols) % len(matrix[r])] 
        for c in range(len(matrix[r]))] for r in range(len(matrix))]