Note: Assume a debian-based distro unless otherwise noted

Mount USB/Drives

sudo fdisk -l
mkdir /media/usb-drive
mount /dev/sdc1 /media/usb-drive/

umount /media/usb-drive

Permanent USB Mount

ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/*
( In /etc/fstab ): /dev/disk/by-uuid/8765-4321 /media/usb-drive vfat 0 0
mount -a

Automount NTFS drive on boot

See guide https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/wiki/Using-a-NTFS-disk-with-Linux-and-Windows
Remount file without rebooting with sudo mount -a

Share folder between NTFS drive and Linux ext4 drive (symlink a folder)

ln -s /media/gamedisk/SteamLibrary/steamapps/common/rocketleague/ ~/.steam/steam/steamapps/common/

Mount SMB share on boot

Guide: https://askubuntu.com/a/157140/1967475
sudo apt-get install cifs-utils
sudo mkdir /media/myshare
sudo nano /etc/fstab
Add a line like this: //servername/sharename /media/myshare cifs uid=username,credentials=/home/username/.smbcredentials 0 0
nano ~/.smbcredentials
Add credentials like so:

username=myusername
password=mypassword
domain=WORKGROUP

chmod 0600 ~/.smbcredentials
Finally test the mount with sudo mount -a
- If first mount was done incorrectly, first unmount with sudo umount /media/myshare
Should see the share's files with ls /media/myshare

Create 'restore point' backup snapshot of the system

sudo apt install timeshift -y
sudo timeshift --create --comments "A new backup"
- Can set the storage location (must be a linux filesystem) by adding --snapshot-device /media/mything
To interactively restore, use sudo timeshift --restore
Clean guide: https://dev.to/rahedmir/how-to-use-timeshift-from-command-line-in-linux-1l9b

Add directory to path

Permanent Addition (System-wide)

Edit the /etc/profile file using a text editor (e.g., sudo nano /etc/profile). Add the following line at the end of the file: export PATH=$PATH:/new/directory/path (replace /new/directory/path with the actual path you want to add). Save and close the file. Reload the /etc/profile file by running source /etc/profile or restarting your system.

Permanent Addition (User-specific)

Edit your user’s ~/.profile file using a text editor (e.g., nano ~/.profile). Add the following line at the end of the file: export PATH=$PATH:/new/directory/path (replace /new/directory/path with the actual path you want to add). Save and close the file. Reload your user’s profile by running source ~/.profile or restarting your terminal.

KDE-Specific

Make Krunner font bigger

kquitapp5 krunner
nano ~/.config/krunnerrc
Add this (first number is pointsize) - thanks Reddit thread:

[General]
...
font=Noto Sans,18,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0

Disable Calendar Reminders from autostarting

mkdir ~/.config/autostart
cp /etc/xdg/autostart/org.kde.kalendarac.desktop ~/.config/autostart/
nano ~/.config/autostart/org.kde.kalendarac.desktop
Add this to the Desktop entry: Hidden=true
Stop the service for the current session with akonadictl stop
- Check that it's no longer running with akonadictl status

Handy KDE Shortcuts

Win + PageUp for maximize, Win + PageDown for minimize
Win+W for the windows overview
Win+. for emoji picker
More shortcuts: https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/khelpcenter/fundamentals/kbd.html

Enable verbose boot

From Brave AI: To enable verbose boot on Ubuntu, you need to modify the GRUB configuration file to remove the quiet and splash options. Here are the steps:

Open the terminal and run the command: sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Comment out the lines that start with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT by adding a # symbol at the beginning of each line.
Replace the commented-out lines with the following:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""

This will remove the quiet and splash options, enabling verbose boot.

Save the changes by pressing Ctrl+X, then Y, and finally Enter.
Run the command: sudo update-grub to apply the changes to the GRUB configuration.
Reboot your system to see the verbose boot output.

Alternatively, you can also enable verbose boot by adding the nosplash and debug options to the GRUB command line. To do this:

Open the terminal and run the command: sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Add the following lines to the end of the file:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nosplash debug"

Save the changes by pressing Ctrl+X, then Y, and finally Enter.
Run the command: sudo update-grub to apply the changes to the GRUB configuration.
Reboot your system to see the verbose boot output.

Note that the nosplash option will disable the graphical boot splash screen, and the debug option will enable verbose boot output. You can adjust these options to your preference.

References:

Enable X11 Forwarding (Linux to Linux)

Make sure SSH is installed on the server computer with sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y openssh-server
Run the server with sudo systemctl start ssh
Edit the config with sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config and ensure the line X11Forwarding yes is uncommented
Restart the server with sudo systemctl restart ssh
Get the server IP with hostname -I
Connect to it from the client computer with ssh [email protected] -X
Launch the desired app with commands like kate and flatpak run --nosocket=fallback-x11 --socket=x11 com.brave.Browser

Misc. Little Bits

How to properly remove an additional desktop environment (like when we all test lubuntu desktop for an hour and then relapse)

Method: https://askubuntu.com/a/492522

How to prevent NoMachine/NX Server from starting on boot

sudo /etc/NX/nxserver --startmode manual

Switch between GUI and Text-based Terminals (TTY)

Ctrl+Alt+F[#] to switch to terminals 3 through 6
- Once viewing a TTY, Alt+F[#] is a faster switch shortcut
#2 is usually the GUI
#1 is usually the login chooser

Edit CronTab

crontab -e

Search for file of extension type

find / -type f -name "*.env"

Tar Gzip a destination to a specified source

tar -czvf ~/destination-file-name.tar.gz /home/source

Copy remote file to local

scp <remote_username>@<IPorHost>:<PathToFile> <LocalFileLocation>

Install a program in Fedora/RHL (Dandified YUM)

sudo dnf install <package>

Show system specs with pretty logo

~~neofetch~~ fastfetch

Add terminal alias

echo "alias sail='sh $([ -f sail ] && echo sail || echo vendor/bin/sail)'" >> ~/.bash_aliases
Reload bashrc which loads in bash_aliases with source ~/.bashrc

Kill a process based on the port its using

sudo lsof -i :45457
sudo kill -9 55203

Create custom application launcher shortcut (Android Studio in this example)

sudo nano /usr/share/applications/AndroidStudio.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Android Studio
Exec="/home/username/Applications/android-studio/bin/studio.sh" %f
Icon=/home/username/Applications/android-studio/bin/studio.png
Categories=Development;IDE;
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=jetbrains-android-studio
Name[en_GB]=android-studio.desktop

Fix JavaScript 'watch' commands throwing a file watchers limit error

Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/55763478
echo fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf && sudo sysctl -p
cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

Enable FSR in Linux Steam Game (Or a Windows game that uses Proton)

https://support.system76.com/articles/use-amd-fsr/
Add WINE_FULLSCREEN_FSR=1 %command% to the launch commands of the game
To modify the sharpening strength, use something like WINE_FULLSCREEN_FSR=1 WINE_FULLSCREEN_FSR_STRENGTH=1 %command%
Then just lower the resolution in game while its set to fullscreen!
For a non-Steam game, use Lutris settings (see article above)

Write a Windows ISO to a USB drive

Find the USB mount point with a graphical disk utility or use mount
Unmount it with a command like sudo umount /dev/sdb
Write the ISO with a command like sudo dd bs=4M if=Win10_22H2_English_x64v1.iso of=/dev/sdb status=progress

Snippet for .bashrc that imports a one-off SSH key like a deploy key

if [ -n "$SSH_CONNECTION" ] && [ -z "$SSH_AUTH_SOCK" ]; then
  eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
  ssh-add ~/.ssh/deploy_key
fi

Flatpak commmands

List Flatpak app processes flatpak ps
Kill desired app with something like flatpak kill com.brave.Browser

Handy Scripts

Add a library of helper shell scripts

mkdir ~/scripts
nano ~/scripts/name-of-script.sh
- Add your code for that script, then save
chmod +x ~/scripts/name-of-script.sh
nano ~/.bashrc and add this to the bottom of the file: export PATH=$PATH:/home/username/scripts
source ~/.bashrc

Fix Web Permissions

Full version (fix-web-permissions.sh)

echo 'Fixing site permissions...' ;
sudo usermod -aG www-data $USER ;
sudo chown -R $USER:www-data . ;
echo -ne '#####                     (33%)\r' ;
find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;;
echo -ne '#############             (66%)\r' ;
find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;;
echo -e '#######################   (100%)\r' ;
sudo chmod -R g=u . ;
git config core.fileMode false ;

Lite version (fix-web-permissions-lite.sh)

echo 'Fixing site permissions...' ;
sudo chown -R $USER:www-data . ;
echo -ne '#####                     (33%)\r' ;
echo -ne '#############             (66%)\r' ;
echo -e '#######################   (100%)\r' ;
sudo chmod -R g=u . ;
git config core.fileMode false ;

Convert MP4-codec files to .MOV for use in Davinci Resolve on Linux

~/scripts/resolve-play-nice.sh

mkdir converted;
for i in *.mp4 *.MP4 *.MOV *.mov *.mkv *.MKV; do ffmpeg -i "$i" -vcodec mjpeg -q:v 2 -acodec pcm_s16be -q:a 0 -f mov "./converted/${i%.*}.mov"; done

Set custom resolution, in particular for my Surface display while remoted in

Guide I followed: https://dev.to/ksckaan1/setting-up-custom-screen-resolution-on-linux-permanently-1abg

~/scripts/surface-resolution.sh

xrandr --newmode "2880x1920_60.00"  473.25  2880 3112 3424 3968  1920 1923 1933 1989 -hsync +vsync ;
xrandr --admode HDMI-A-0 "2880x1920_60.00" ; 
xrandr --addmode HDMI-A-0 "2880x1920_60.00" ; 
xrandr --output HDMI-A-0 --mode "2880x1920_60.00" ;

coulterpeterson/snippets.md