gcp gcloud cheat sheet

References

Other cheatsheets

https://github.com/dennyzhang/cheatsheet-gcp-A4

multiple gcloud config configurations

gcloud config configurations create pythonrocks
gcloud config configurations list
gcloud config configurations activate pythonrocks
gcloud config set core/account [email protected]
gcloud auth login
gcloud projects list
gcloud config set project dev-193420

switch gcloud context with gcloud config

gcloud config list
gcloud config set account [email protected] 
gcloud config set project salt-163215
gcloud config set compute/region us-west1
gcloud config set compute/zone us-west1-a
alias demo='gcloud config set account [email protected] && gcloud config set project salt-163215 && gcloud config set compute/region us-west1 && gcloud config set compute/zone us-west1-a'


cluster=$(gcloud config get-value container/cluster 2> /dev/null)
zone=$(gcloud config get-value compute/zone 2> /dev/null)
project=$(gcloud config get-value core/project 2> /dev/null)

# switch project based on the name
gcloud config set project $(gcloud projects list --filter='name:wordpress-dev' --format='value(project_id)')

command -v gcloud >/dev/null 2>&1 || { \
 echo >&2 "I require gcloud but it's not installed.  Aborting."; exit 1; }

REGION=$(gcloud config get-value compute/region)
if [[ -z "${REGION}" ]]; then
    echo "https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/regions-zones/changing-default-zone-region" 1>&2
    echo "gcloud cli must be configured with a default region." 1>&2
    echo "run 'gcloud config set compute/region REGION'." 1>&2
    echo "replace 'REGION' with the region name like us-west1." 1>&2
    exit 1;
fi

auth

gcloud auth list
gcloud auth login
gcloud auth activate-service-account --key-file=sa_key.json

kubectl uses OAuth token generated by

gcloud config config-helper --format json
gcloud config config-helper --format='value(credential.access_token)'
gcloud auth print-access-token generates new token

info

gcloud info --format flattened
export PROJECT=$(gcloud info --format='value(config.project)')

projects

# various way to get project_id
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value core/project)
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config list project --format='value(core.project)')
PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud info --format='value(config.project)')

# get project_number given project_id or name
gcloud projects list --filter="project_id:${project_id}"  --format='value(project_number)'
gcloud projects list --filter="name:${project_name}"  --format='value(project_number)'

zones

To return a list of zones given a region

gcloud compute zones list --filter=region:us-central1

billing

gcloud beta billing accounts list
gcloud organizations list

IAM list permission and roles for a given resource

gcloud iam list-testable-permissions <uri>
e.g gcloud iam list-testable-permissions //cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/$PROJECT_ID

gcloud iam list-grantable-roles <uri>
e.g. 
gcloud iam list-grantable-roles //cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/$PROJECT_ID
gcloud iam list-grantable-roles https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/zones/us-central1-a/instances/iowa1

# get uri e.g.
gcloud projects list --uri

IAM service account

When granting IAM roles, you can treat a service account either as a resource or as an identity

export SA_EMAIL=$(gcloud iam service-accounts list \
    --filter="displayName:jenkins" --format='value(email)')
export PROJECT=$(gcloud info --format='value(config.project)')

# creaate and list sa
gcloud iam service-accounts create jenkins --display-name jenkins
gcloud iam service-accounts list
gcloud iam service-accounts list   --filter='email ~ [0-9]*-compute@.*'   --format='table(email)'

# create & list sa key  
gcloud iam service-accounts keys create jenkins-sa.json --iam-account $SA_EMAIL    
gcloud iam service-accounts keys list --iam-account=vault-admin@<project_id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com

# project level: grant roles to sa
gcloud projects get-iam-policy $PROJECT
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT  --role roles/storage.admin \
    --member serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT --role roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1 \
    --member serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT --role roles/compute.networkAdmin \
    --member serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT --role roles/compute.securityAdmin \
    --member serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT --role roles/iam.serviceAccountActor \
    --member serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL

# service account level: add role to service account
gcloud iam service-accounts get-iam-policy <sa_email>
gcloud iam service-accounts add-iam-policy-binding [email protected] --member='serviceAccount:[email protected]' --role='roles/iam.serviceAccountActor'

GCS bucket level

COMPUTE_ENGINE_SA_EMAIL=$(gcloud iam service-accounts list --filter="name:Compute Engine default service account" --format "value(email)")
gsutil iam ch serviceAccount:${COMPUTE_ENGINE_SA_EMAIL}:objectViewer gs://bucket-name

Custom Roles

# list predefined roles
gcloud iam roles list
# list custom roles
gcloud iam roles list --project $PROJECT_ID

# create custom role in the following 2 ways, either on project level (--project [PROJECT_ID]) or org level (--organization [ORGANIZATION_ID])
1. gcloud iam roles create editor --project $PROJECT_ID --file role-definition.yaml
2. gcloud iam roles create viewer --project $PROJECT_ID --title "Role Viewer" --description "Custom role description." --permissions compute.instances.get,compu
te.instances.list --stage ALPHA

app engine

https://medium.com/google-cloud/app-engine-project-cleanup-9647296e796a

cloud build

# user defined
gcloud builds submit --config=cloudbuild.yaml --substitutions=_BRANCH_NAME=foo,_BUILD_NUMBER=1 .

# override built in TAG_NAME
gcloud builds submit --config=cloudbuild.yaml --substitutions=TAG_NAME=v1.0.1

Cloud build trigger GCE rolling replace/start

steps:
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
  args: [ 'build', '-t', 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/gcp-cloudbuild-gce-angular', '.' ]
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud'
  args: [ 'beta', 'compute', 'instance-groups', 'managed', 'rolling-action', 'restart', 'gce-angular-instance-group', '--zone=us-east1-b' ]
images:
- 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/gcp-cloudbuild-gce-angular'

kms

# list all keyrings 
gcloud kms keyrings list --location global
# list all keys in my_key_ring
gcloud kms keys list --keyring my_key_ring --location global

# grant KMS IAM permission to a sv account $USER_EMAIL 
gcloud kms keyrings add-iam-policy-binding $KEYRING_NAME \
    --location global \
    --member user:$USER_EMAIL \
    --role roles/cloudkms.admin
gcloud kms keyrings add-iam-policy-binding $KEYRING_NAME \
    --location global \
    --member user:$USER_EMAIL \
    --role roles/cloudkms.cryptoKeyEncrypterDecrypter
    
# Encrypt and Decrypt in REST API
curl -v "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$DEVSHELL_PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/$KEYRING_NAME/cryptoKeys/$CRYPTOKEY_NAME:encrypt" \
  -d "{\"plaintext\":\"$PLAINTEXT\"}" \
  -H "Authorization:Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)"\
  -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
| jq .ciphertext -r > 1.encrypted

curl -v "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/$DEVSHELL_PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/$KEYRING_NAME/cryptoKeys/$CRYPTOKEY_NAME:decrypt" \
  -d "{\"ciphertext\":\"$(cat 1.encrypted)\"}" \
  -H "Authorization:Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)"\
  -H "Content-Type:application/json" \
| jq .plaintext -r | base64 -d

compute engine

gcloud command for creating an instance?

from web console

gcloud compute instances create [INSTANCE_NAME] \
  --image-family [IMAGE_FAMILY] \
  --image-project [IMAGE_PROJECT] \
  --create-disk image=[DISK_IMAGE],image-project=[DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT],size=[SIZE_GB],type=[DISK_TYPE]
  
gcloud compute instances create micro1 --zone=us-west1-a --machine-type=f1-micro --subnet=default --network-tier=PREMIUM --maintenance-policy=MIGRATE --service-account=398028291895-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com --scopes=https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only,https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write,https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write,https://www.googleapis.com/auth/servicecontrol,https://www.googleapis.com/auth/service.management.readonly,https://www.googleapis.com/auth/trace.append --min-cpu-platform=Automatic --image=debian-9-stretch-v20180510 --image-project=debian-cloud --boot-disk-size=10GB --boot-disk-type=pd-standard --boot-disk-device-name=micro1

list compute images

gcloud compute images list --filter=name:debian --uri
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-8-jessie-v20180109
https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-9-stretch-v20180105

# Use the following command to see available non-Shielded VM Windows Server images
gcloud compute images list --project windows-cloud --no-standard-images
# Use the following command to see a list of available Shielded VM images, including Windows images
gcloud compute images list --project gce-uefi-images --no-standard-images

list an instance

gcloud compute instances list --filter="zone:us-central1-a"
gcloud compute instances list --project=dev --filter="name~^es"
gcloud compute instances list --project=dev --filter=name:kafka --format="value(name,INTERNAL_IP)"
gcloud compute instances list --filter=tags:kafka-node
gcloud compute instances list --filter='machineType:g1-small'

move instance

gcloud compute instances move <instance_wanna_move> --destination-zone=us-central1-a --zone=us-central1-c

ssh & scp

#--verbosity=debug is great for debugging, showing the SSH command 
# the following is a real word example for running a bastion server that talks to a GKE cluster (master authorized network)
gcloud compute ssh --verbosity=debug <instance_name> --command "kubectl get nodes"

gcloud compute scp  --recurse ../manifest <instance_name>:

SSH via IAP

https://cloud.google.com/iap/docs/using-tcp-forwarding

# find out access-config-name's name
gcloud compute instances describe oregon1
# remove the external IP
gcloud compute instances delete-access-config  oregon1 --access-config-name "External NAT"
# connect via IAP, assuming the IAP is granted to the account used for login. 
gcloud beta compute ssh oregon1 --tunnel-through-iap

ssh port forwarding for elasticsearch

gcloud compute --project "foo" ssh --zone "us-central1-c" "elasticsearch-1"  --ssh-flag="-L localhost:9200:localhost:9200"

The 2nd localhost is relative to elasticsearch-1`

ssh reverse port forwarding

for example, how to connect to home server's flask server (tcp port 5000) for a demo or a local game server in development

GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=$(gcloud config get-value project)
gcloud compute --project "${GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT}" ssh --zone "us-west1-c" --ssh-flag="-v -N -R :5000:localhost:5000" "google_cloud_bastion_server"

generate ssh config

gcloud compute config-ssh

debugging

gcloud debugging: gcloud compute instances list --log-http serial port debug

instance level metadata

curl -s "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/?recursive=true&alt=text" -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google"
leader=$(curl -s "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/leader" -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google")

project level metadata

gcloud compute project-info describe
gcloud compute project-info describe --flatten="commonInstanceMetadata[]"

instances, template, target-pool and instance group

cat << EOF > startup.sh
#! /bin/bash
apt-get update
apt-get install -y nginx
service nginx start
sed -i -- 's/nginx/Google Cloud Platform - '"\$HOSTNAME"'/' /var/www/html/index.nginx-debian.html
EOF

gcloud compute instance-templates create nginx-template  --metadata-from-file startup-script=startup.sh
gcloud compute target-pools create nginx-pool
gcloud compute instance-groups managed create nginx-group \
         --base-instance-name nginx \
         --size 2 \
         --template nginx-template \
         --target-pool nginx-pool

MIG with startup and shutdown scripts

https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/special-configurations#multiple-natgateways

gsutil cp gs://nat-gw-template/startup.sh .

gcloud compute instance-templates create nat-1 \
    --machine-type n1-standard-2 --can-ip-forward --tags natgw \
    --metadata-from-file=startup-script=startup.sh --address $nat_1_ip

gcloud compute instance-templates create nat-2 \
    --machine-type n1-standard-2 --can-ip-forward --tags natgw \
    --metadata-from-file=startup-script=startup.sh  --address $nat_2_ip

disk snapshot

gcloud compute disks snapshot kafka-data1-1 --async --snapshot-names=kafka-data-1 --project project_a --zone us-west1-a
Use [gcloud compute operations describe URI] command to check the status of the operation(s).

regional disk

 gcloud beta compute instance attach-disk micro1 --disk pd-west1 --disk-scope regional

Networking

network and subnets

 gcloud compute networks create privatenet --subnet-mode=custom
 gcloud compute networks subnets create privatesubnet-us --network=privatenet --region=us-central1 --range=172.16.0.0/24
 gcloud compute networks subnets create privatesubnet-eu --network=privatenet --region=europe-west1 --range=172.20.0.0/20
 gcloud compute networks subnets list --sort-by=NETWORK

route

tag the instances with no-ips

gcloud compute instances add-tags existing-instance --tags no-ip
gcloud compute routes create no-ip-internet-route \
    --network custom-network1 \
    --destination-range 0.0.0.0/0 \
    --next-hop-instance nat-gateway \
    --next-hop-instance-zone us-central1-a \
    --tags no-ip --priority 800

firewall rules

https://medium.com/@swongra/protect-your-google-cloud-instances-with-firewall-rules-69cce960fba

# allow SSH, RDP and ICMP for the given network
gcloud compute firewall-rules create managementnet-allow-icmp-ssh-rdp --direction=INGRESS --priority=1000 --network=managementnet --action=ALLOW --rules=tcp:22,3389,icmp --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0
# allow internal from given source range
gcloud compute firewall-rules create mynetwork-allow-internal --network \
mynetwork --action ALLOW --direction INGRESS --rules all \
--source-ranges 10.128.0.0/9
gcloud compute firewall-rules list --filter="network:mynetwork"

## DENY
gcloud compute firewall-rules create mynetwork-deny-icmp \
--network mynetwork --action DENY --direction EGRESS --rules icmp \
--destination-ranges 10.132.0.2 --priority 500
gcloud compute firewall-rules list \
--filter="network:mynetwork AND name=mynetwork-deny-icmp"

# sort-by
gcloud compute firewall-rules list --sort-by=NETWORK

layer 4 network lb

gcloud compute firewall-rules create www-firewall --allow tcp:80
gcloud compute forwarding-rules create nginx-lb \
         --region us-central1 \
         --ports=80 \
         --target-pool nginx-pool
         
gcloud compute firewall-rules list --sort-by=NETWORK

layer 7 http lb

https://cloud.google.com/solutions/scalable-and-resilient-apps

gcloud compute http-health-checks create http-basic-check
gcloud compute instance-groups managed \
       set-named-ports nginx-group \
       --named-ports http:80

gcloud compute backend-services create nginx-backend \
      --protocol HTTP --http-health-checks http-basic-check --global
      
gcloud compute backend-services add-backend nginx-backend \
    --instance-group nginx-group \
    --instance-group-zone us-central1-a \
    --global  

gcloud compute url-maps create web-map \
    --default-service nginx-backend

gcloud compute target-http-proxies create http-lb-proxy \
    --url-map web-map
    
gcloud compute forwarding-rules create http-content-rule \
        --global \
        --target-http-proxy http-lb-proxy \
        --ports 80
gcloud compute forwarding-rules list

forwarding-rules

gcloud compute forwarding-rules list --filter=$(dig +short <dns_name>)
gcloud compute forwarding-rules describe my-forwardingrule --region us-central1
gcloud compute forwarding-rules describe my-http-forwardingrule --global

address

# get the external IP address of the instance
gcloud compute instances describe single-node \
     --format='value(networkInterfaces.accessConfigs[0].natIP)
     
gcloud compute addresses describe https-lb --global --format json

# list all IP addresses
gcloud projects list --format='value(project_id)' | xargs -I {} gcloud compute addresses list --format='value(address)' --project {}  2>/dev/null | sort | uniq -c

GCP managed ssl certificate

gcloud beta compute ssl-certificates create example-mydomain --domains example.mydomain.com
gcloud beta compute ssl-certificates list
gcloud beta compute ssl-certificates describe example-mydomain
# It takes 30mins+ to provision the TLS, one of conditions is the target-https-proxies needs to be associated with the cert.
gcloud beta compute target-https-proxies list

StackDriver logging

gcloud logging read "timestamp >= \"2018-04-19T00:30:00Z\"  and logName=projects/${project_id}/logs/requests and resource.type=http_load_balancer" --format="csv(httpRequest.remoteIp,httpRequest.requestUrl,timestamp)" --project=${project_id}

Service

list service available

gcloud services list --available

Enable Service

# chain 
gcloud services enable cloudapis.googleapis.com && \
cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com && \
compute.googleapis.com 

# or not chain
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable containerregistry.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable cloudbuild.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable iam.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable logging.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable monitoring.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable storage-api.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable storage-component.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable sourcerepo.googleapis.com

function enable-service() {
  SERVICE=$1
  if [[ $(gcloud services list --format="value(serviceConfig.name)" \
                                --filter="serviceConfig.name:$SERVICE" 2>&1) != \
                                "$SERVICE" ]]; then
    echo "Enabling $SERVICE"
    gcloud services enable $SERVICE
  else
    echo "$SERVICE is already enabled"
  fi
}

enable-service container.googleapis.com

Client libraries you can use to connect to Google APIs

https://medium.com/google-cloud/simple-google-api-auth-samples-for-service-accounts-installed-application-and-appengine-da30ee4648

chaining gcloud commands

gcloud compute forwarding-rules list --format 'value(NAME)' \
| xargs -I {}  gcloud compute forwarding-rules delete {}  --region us-west1 -q

gcloud projects list --format='value(project_id)' \
| xargs -I {} gcloud compute addresses list --format='value(address)' --project {}  2>/dev/null | sort | uniq -c

gcloud compute instances list --filter=elasticsearch --format='value(NAME)' \
| xargs -I {} -p gcloud compute instances stop {}
gcloud compute instances list --filter=elasticsearch --format='value(INTERNAL_IP)' \
| xargs -I {} ssh {} "sudo chef-client"

# delete non default routes
gcloud compute routes list --filter="NOT network=default" --format='value(NAME)' \
| xargs -I {} gcloud compute routes delete -q {}

one liner to purge GCR images given a date

DATE=2018-10-01
IMAGE=<project_id>/<image_name>
gcloud container images list-tags gcr.io/$IMAGE --limit=unlimited --sort-by=TIMESTAMP   \
--filter="NOT tags:* AND timestamp.datetime < '${DATE}'" --format='get(digest)' | \
while read digest;do gcloud container images delete -q --force-delete-tags gcr.io/$IMAGE@$digest ;done

GKE

# create a private cluster
gcloud beta container clusters create private-cluster \
    --private-cluster \
    --master-ipv4-cidr 172.16.0.16/28 \
    --enable-ip-alias \
    --create-subnetwork ""


gcloud compute networks subnets create my-subnet \
    --network default \
    --range 10.0.4.0/22 \
    --enable-private-ip-google-access \
    --region us-central1 \
    --secondary-range my-svc-range=10.0.32.0/20,my-pod-range=10.4.0.0/14

gcloud beta container clusters create private-cluster2 \
    --private-cluster \
    --enable-ip-alias \
    --master-ipv4-cidr 172.16.0.32/28 \
    --subnetwork my-subnet \
    --services-secondary-range-name my-svc-range \
    --cluster-secondary-range-name my-pod-range
 
 gcloud container clusters update private-cluster2 \
    --enable-master-authorized-networks \
    --master-authorized-networks <external_ip_of_kubectl_instance>

# create a GKE cluster with CloudRun,Istio, HPA enabled
gcloud beta container clusters create run-gke \
  --addons HorizontalPodAutoscaling,HttpLoadBalancing,Istio,CloudRun \
  --scopes cloud-platform \
  --zone us-central1-a \
  --machine-type n1-standard-4 \
  --enable-stackdriver-kubernetes \
  --no-enable-ip-alias

# create a VPC native cluster
gcloud container clusters create k1 \
--network custom-ip-vpc --subnetwork subnet-alias \
--enable-ip-alias --cluster-ipv4-cidr=/16   --services-ipv4-cidr=/22

# get the GKE endpoint
gcloud container clusters describe mycluster --format='get(endpoint)'

# generate a ~/.kube/config for private cluster with private endpoint
gcloud container clusters get-credentials private-cluster --zone us-central1-a --internal-ip

Machine Learning

brew install bat
gcloud ml language analyze-entities --content="Michelangelo Caravaggio, Italian painter, is known for 'The Calling of Saint Matthew'." | bat  -l json

Deployment Manager

https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/deployment-manager/deployments/ Play with the commands for preview and cancel-preview.

crimeminister/gcloud_cheat_sheet.md