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ctigeek/license-quiz.html

Last active September 12, 2026 17:50
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A stand-alone web page that quizzes you on ALL the questions for the new Amateur Technician Ham Radio License Test.
Raw
license-quiz.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- DIRECTIONS -->
<!-- Download and save as quiz.html -->
<!-- Double click to open in your browser! -->
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Technician Class HAM Radio Quiz</title>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<style>
:root {
--bg-color: #f4f7f6;
--text-color: #333;
--primary: #0056b3;
--primary-hover: #004494;
--correct-bg: #d4edda;
--correct-border: #c3e6cb;
--correct-text: #155724;
--wrong-bg: #f8d7da;
--wrong-border: #f5c6cb;
--wrong-text: #721c24;
--card-bg: #fff;
}
body {
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
background-color: var(--bg-color);
color: var(--text-color);
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
min-height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
padding: 20px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
#corner-counter {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
right: 20px;
background: var(--card-bg);
padding: 10px 20px;
border-radius: 8px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
display: none;
}
#end-now-btn {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
background-color: #dc3545;
display: none;
margin-top: 0;
}
#end-now-btn:hover { background-color: #c82333; }
.container {
background: var(--card-bg);
padding: 40px;
border-radius: 12px;
box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
max-width: 650px;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
}
.hidden { display: none !important; }
.mode-selection {
text-align: left;
background: #f8f9fa;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 8px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
margin-bottom: 30px;
display: inline-block;
}
.mode-label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 15px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 1.1rem;
}
.mode-label:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.mode-label input[type="radio"] {
margin-right: 10px;
transform: scale(1.2);
}
button {
background-color: var(--primary);
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 12px 28px;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
border-radius: 6px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background-color 0.2s, opacity 0.2s;
margin-top: 20px;
}
button:hover:not(:disabled) { background-color: var(--primary-hover); }
button:disabled { background-color: #6c757d; cursor: not-allowed; opacity: 0.6; }
#quiz-screen { text-align: left; }
#question-text { font-size: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 25px; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center; font-weight: 600; }
#question-image {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
margin: 0 auto 25px auto;
display: block;
border-radius: 6px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
.option-label {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
padding: 15px 20px;
margin-bottom: 12px;
border: 2px solid #e9ecef;
border-radius: 8px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.2s;
background: #f8f9fa;
font-size: 1.1rem;
}
.option-label:hover:not(.disabled) {
border-color: var(--primary);
background: #e9ecef;
}
.option-label input[type="radio"] {
margin-right: 15px;
transform: scale(1.3);
cursor: pointer;
}
.option-label.disabled { cursor: default; }
.correct {
background-color: var(--correct-bg) !important;
border-color: var(--correct-border) !important;
color: var(--correct-text);
font-weight: bold;
}
.wrong {
background-color: var(--wrong-bg) !important;
border-color: var(--wrong-border) !important;
color: var(--wrong-text);
font-weight: bold;
}
#feedback-msg {
margin-top: 25px;
font-size: 1.2rem;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
height: 28px;
}
.text-correct { color: var(--correct-text); }
.text-wrong { color: var(--wrong-text); }
.button-group { text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="corner-counter">Completed: <span id="completed-val">0</span></div>
<button id="end-now-btn">End Now</button>
<!-- Start Screen -->
<div id="start-screen" class="container">
<h1>Technician Class HAM Quiz</h1>
<p style="color: #555; font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: 25px;">
Test your knowledge of the 2026-2030 FCC Element 2 Question Pool.
</p>
<p style="color: #555; font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: 25px;">
This will ask you all 409 questions in random order. You will see your score at the end.
</p>
<div class="mode-selection">
<label class="mode-label">
<input type="radio" name="quiz-mode" value="study" checked>
<strong>Study Mode:</strong> Immediate feedback, highlights correct answers.
</label>
<label class="mode-label">
<input type="radio" name="quiz-mode" value="test">
<strong>Test Mode:</strong> No feedback, moves immediately to the next question.
</label>
</div>
<br>
<button id="start-btn">Start</button>
<p style="font-size: 0.85rem; color: #888; margin-top: 35px; line-height: 1.4;">
The questions, answers, images, and syllabus materials used in this<br>
quiz are based on <a href="https://ncvec.org/downloads/2026-2030%20Technician%20Pool%20and%20Syllabus%20Public%20Release%20Feb%2019%202026.pdf">the officially released NCVEC public domain question pool.</a><br/>
This quiz is public domain and can be distributed freely.<br>
Issue or error? Leave a comment: <a href="https://gist.github.com/ctigeek/fa01e0b87af21620c0aa0efee81a2ad9">Github</a>
</p>
</div>
<!-- Quiz Screen -->
<div id="quiz-screen" class="container hidden">
<div id="question-text"></div>
<img id="question-image" class="hidden" src="" alt="Question Reference Image">
<div id="options-container"></div>
<div id="feedback-msg"></div>
<div class="button-group">
<button id="submit-btn" disabled>Submit</button>
<button id="continue-btn" class="hidden">Continue</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- End Screen -->
<div id="end-screen" class="container hidden">
<h1>Quiz Completed!</h1>
<h2 style="margin-top: 30px; color: #444;">Final Results</h2>
<p style="font-size: 1.3rem; margin-top: 20px;">
<span style="color: var(--correct-text); font-weight: bold;">Correct: <span id="final-correct">0</span></span>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 1.3rem;">
<span style="color: var(--wrong-text); font-weight: bold;">Incorrect: <span id="final-wrong">0</span></span>
</p>
<div id="wrong-list-container" class="hidden" style="margin-top: 20px; font-size: 1rem; color: #555; text-align: left; max-height: 150px; overflow-y: auto; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;">
<strong>Questions to Review:</strong>
<p id="final-wrong-ids" style="margin-top: 10px; line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"></p>
</div>
<button id="restart-btn" style="margin-top: 40px;">Restart Quiz</button>
<button id="return-btn" class="hidden" style="margin-top: 40px; background-color: #28a745;">Return to Quiz</button>
</div>
<script>
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let t3image = 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let questions = [
{
"id": "T1A01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible",
"B": "Providing communications for international contesting",
"C": "Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A02",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "ARRL",
"B": "Homeland Security",
"C": "The FCC",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It is required when transmitting emergency messages",
"B": "It is encouraged when using phone emissions",
"C": "It is required when in contact with foreign stations",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A04",
"answer": "A",
"text": "How do you receive official notification of your new license and call sign after passing the exam?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Email from the FCC with a link to download the license grant",
"B": "USPS First-Class Mail from the FCC",
"C": "Email from the lead volunteer examiner",
"D": "USPS First-Class Mail from the lead volunteer examiner"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A printed copy of the certificate of successful completion of examination",
"B": "An email notification from the NCVEC granting the license",
"C": "The license appears in the FCC ULS database",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "On which of the following HF frequencies can automatically controlled amateur propagation beacons be found?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Anywhere in the Technician portion of 10 meters",
"B": "Anywhere, if they are registered with the FCC",
"C": "In a specific portion of each of the HF Technician bands",
"D": "On ten meters, between 28.200 MHz and 28.300 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Any satellite orbiting Earth",
"B": "A manned satellite orbiting Earth",
"C": "An amateur station located more than 50 km above Earth's surface",
"D": "An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Who recommends transmit/receive channels for repeater and auxiliary stations?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC",
"B": "A Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs",
"C": "An FCC Regional Field Office",
"D": "The International Telecommunication Union"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy",
"B": "The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators",
"C": "Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations",
"D": "The FCC Regional Field Office"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Besides an FCC-issued amateur operator license, what is required to be the control operator of a Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) Station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A written recommendation by the local ARRL Emergency Coordinator",
"B": "Membership in the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)",
"C": "Certification of current enrollment by a civil defense organization",
"D": "Nothing"
}
},
{
"id": "T1A11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is prohibited?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "International communications on VHF bands and higher frequencies",
"B": "Willful or malicious interference",
"C": "Third-party traffic using digital modes",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "28.050 MHz to 28.150 MHz",
"B": "28.100 MHz to 28.300 MHz",
"C": "28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz",
"D": "28.500 MHz to 28.600 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following U.S. amateur radio operators are allowed to contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Only amateurs with a General class or higher license",
"B": "Any amateur with a Technician class or higher license",
"C": "Only amateurs with a General class or higher license, and NASA approval",
"D": "Any amateurs with a Technician class or higher license, and NASA approval"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which frequency is in the 6-meter amateur band?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "49.00 MHz",
"B": "52.525 MHz",
"C": "28.50 MHz",
"D": "222.15 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which amateur band includes 146.52 MHz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "6 meters",
"B": "20 meters",
"C": "70 centimeters",
"D": "2 meters"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following bands include frequencies where Technicians are authorized to use digital modes such as FT8?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "10 meters",
"B": "6 meters",
"C": "2 meters",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "None",
"B": "10-meter band only",
"C": "80-meter, 40-meter, 15-meter, and 10-meter bands",
"D": "30-meter band only"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following VHF/UHF band segments are limited to CW only?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz",
"B": "219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz",
"C": "902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHz",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those segments, and must avoid interfering with them",
"B": "U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those segments",
"C": "International communications are not permitted in those segments",
"D": "Digital transmissions are not permitted in those segments"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display",
"B": "So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge",
"C": "To allow for transmitter frequency drift",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees",
"B": "Only on repeaters",
"C": "In at least some segment of all these bands",
"D": "On any band if the power is limited to 25 watts"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "200 watts",
"B": "100 watts",
"C": "50 watts",
"D": "10 watts"
}
},
{
"id": "T1B12",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "50 watts",
"B": "100 watts",
"C": "500 watts",
"D": "1500 watts"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "For which classes of amateur radio licenses does the FCC currently issue new licenses?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Novice, Technician, General, Amateur Extra",
"B": "Technician, Technician Plus, General, Amateur Extra",
"C": "Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced",
"D": "Technician, General, Amateur Extra"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C02",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra Class license",
"B": "Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra Class license",
"C": "Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years",
"D": "Any licensed amateur"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What types of international communications are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations permitted to make?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character",
"B": "Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature",
"C": "Only communications incidental to contest exchanges; all other communications are prohibited",
"D": "Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Fine and suspension of operator license",
"B": "Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license",
"C": "Revocation of access to the license record in the FCC system",
"D": "Nothing; there is no such requirement"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following is a valid Group D call sign format for Technician class?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "KF1XXX",
"B": "KA1X",
"C": "W1XX",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following statements is true about using your amateur radio license when operating aboard a vessel or craft in international waters?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Amateur operation is prohibited in international waters",
"B": "You may only operate during maritime emergencies",
"C": "You need special FCC authorization for maritime mobile operation",
"D": "You may operate from a US-documented vessel with the master's permission"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C07",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How long before the expiration date may an amateur radio license renewal be requested?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "30 days",
"B": "90 days",
"C": "6 months",
"D": "1 year"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C08",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Five years",
"B": "Eight years",
"C": "Ten years",
"D": "Life"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Two years",
"B": "Three years",
"C": "Five years",
"D": "Ten years"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Immediately on receiving your Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE)",
"B": "As soon as your operator/station license grant appears on the ARRL website",
"C": "As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC’s license database",
"D": "As soon as you receive your license in the mail from the FCC"
}
},
{
"id": "T1C11",
"answer": "D",
"text": "If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Yes, for up to two years",
"B": "Yes, as soon as you apply for renewal",
"C": "Yes, for up to one year",
"D": "No, you must wait until the license has been renewed"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D01",
"answer": "A",
"text": "With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications",
"B": "Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications",
"C": "Any country banned from such communications by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)",
"D": "Any country banned from making such communications by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Announcements of upcoming ham radio operating events",
"B": "Broadcasting",
"C": "International Morse Code Practice",
"D": "Telecommand or transmissions of telemetry"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Only when using a remote station during a contest",
"B": "Only when transmitting certain approved digital codes",
"C": "Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or model craft",
"D": "Never"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D04",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications",
"B": "When the music produces no spurious emissions",
"C": "When transmissions are limited to less than three minutes per hour",
"D": "When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Never",
"B": "When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee, or the control operator, or their close relatives",
"C": "When no profit is made on the sale",
"D": "When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies",
"B": "Any such language is prohibited",
"C": "The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies",
"D": "There is no such prohibition"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following is an example of an auxiliary station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A station sending one-way transmissions between a remote repeater receiver and the main repeater",
"B": "A backup radio for emergency use in case the main station radio fails",
"C": "A station used in the Military Auxiliary Radio System for linking government and amateur stations in a digital network",
"D": "A second station utilized in multi-operator contest stations"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer",
"B": "When the communication is a part of classroom instruction at an educational institution",
"C": "When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "When may amateur stations transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property",
"B": "When broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle",
"C": "Where non-commercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network",
"D": "Never"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "How does the FCC define broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Two-way transmissions by amateur stations",
"B": "Any transmission made by the licensed station",
"C": "Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators",
"D": "Transmissions intended for reception by the general public"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D11",
"answer": "D",
"text": "When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments",
"B": "When the transmissions are unmodulated",
"C": "When the transmitted power level is below 0.1 watt",
"D": "When transmitting signals to control model craft"
}
},
{
"id": "T1D12",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Identify the transmitting station",
"B": "Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time",
"C": "Notify the FCC of the transmissions",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "When may an amateur station transmit without a control operator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater",
"B": "When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station",
"C": "When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station",
"D": "Never"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E02",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Only an Amateur Extra Class operator",
"B": "A General class or higher licensee with a satellite operator certification",
"C": "Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member",
"D": "Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Who must designate the station control operator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The station licensee",
"B": "The FCC",
"C": "The frequency coordinator",
"D": "Any licensed operator"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator",
"B": "The frequencies printed on the license grant",
"C": "The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises",
"D": "The class of operator license held by the control operator"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is an amateur station’s control point?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The location of the station’s transmitting antenna",
"B": "The location of the station’s transmitting apparatus",
"C": "The location at which the control operator function is performed",
"D": "The mailing address of the station licensee"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "When, other than during an emergency, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "At no time",
"B": "When designated as the control operator by an Amateur Extra Class licensee",
"C": "As part of a multi-operator contest team",
"D": "When using a club station whose trustee holds an Amateur Extra Class license"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation",
"B": "Only the station licensee",
"C": "Only the control operator",
"D": "The control operator and the station licensee"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following is an example of automatic control?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Repeater operation",
"B": "Controlling a station over the internet",
"C": "Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically",
"D": "Using a computer or other device to identify automatically"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which amateur stations may be remotely controlled?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Only repeater stations",
"B": "Only automatically controlled stations",
"C": "Only digital stations",
"D": "Any station"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E10",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A software defined radio (SDR)",
"B": "Operating the station over the internet",
"C": "Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio",
"D": "Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) communication"
}
},
{
"id": "T1E11",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is a control operator as defined in Part 97?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The person speaking or otherwise communicating messages over an amateur station",
"B": "The person who is the licensee of an amateur station",
"C": "An amateur operator identified in the FCC database as responsible for transmissions and FCC rules compliance at a station license location",
"D": "An amateur operator designated by the licensee of a station to be responsible for transmissions and FCC rules compliance at that station"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "When must the station licensee make the station and the station records available for inspection?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection",
"B": "At any time upon request by an FCC representative",
"C": "At any time after a written notification by the FCC of such inspection",
"D": "Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F02",
"answer": "C",
"text": "How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Never, the tactical call is sufficient",
"B": "Once every hour",
"C": "At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication",
"D": "At the end of every transmission"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter",
"B": "At least once during each transmission",
"C": "At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication",
"D": "At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What language must you use for identification when using a phone emission?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Any language recognized by the United Nations",
"B": "Any language recognized by the ITU",
"C": "English",
"D": "English, French, or Spanish"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F05",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT",
"B": "Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission",
"C": "Send the call sign followed by the indicator R",
"D": "Send the call sign using only a phone emission"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "KL7CC stroke W3",
"B": "KL7CC slant W3",
"C": "KL7CC slash W3",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F07",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person speaks to a foreign amateur radio station via a station under the control of an FCC-licensed amateur radio operator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The person must be a U.S. citizen",
"B": "The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third-party agreement",
"C": "The licensed control operator must do the station identification",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the definition of third-party communications?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person",
"B": "Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another",
"C": "Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator",
"D": "Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Beacon station",
"B": "Remote control station",
"C": "Repeater station",
"D": "Message forwarding station"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Who is accountable if a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate the FCC rules?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The control operator of the originating station",
"B": "The control operator of the repeater",
"C": "The owner of the repeater",
"D": "Both the originating station and the repeater owner"
}
},
{
"id": "T1F11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The trustee must have an Amateur Extra Class operator license grant",
"B": "The club must have at least four members",
"C": "The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2-meter band?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Plus or minus 5 MHz",
"B": "Plus or minus 600 kHz",
"C": "Plus or minus 500 kHz",
"D": "Plus or minus 1 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2-meter band?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "146.520 MHz",
"B": "145.000 MHz",
"C": "432.100 MHz",
"D": "446.000 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70-centimeter band?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Plus or minus 5 MHz",
"B": "Plus or minus 600 kHz",
"C": "Plus or minus 500 kHz",
"D": "Plus or minus 1 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Say \"break, break,\" then the other station’s call sign, followed by your call sign",
"B": "Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign",
"C": "Say \"CQ\" three times, then the other station's call sign, followed by your call sign",
"D": "Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer with your call sign"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "How should you respond to a station calling CQ?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Transmit \"CQ\" followed by the other station’s call sign",
"B": "Transmit your call sign followed by the other station’s call sign",
"C": "Transmit the other station’s call sign followed by your call sign",
"D": "Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is an effective way to seek a call from any phone station when not using a repeater?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Sign your call sign once, followed by the words “listening for a call;” if there is no answer, change the frequency and repeat",
"B": "Say “QTC,” followed by “this is” and your call sign; if there is no answer, change the frequency and repeat",
"C": "Transmit an unmodulated carrier for approximately 10 seconds, followed by “this is” and your call sign, and pause to listen; repeat as necessary",
"D": "Repeat “CQ” a few times, followed by “this is,” and your call sign, then pause to listen; repeat as necessary"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What does the term \"repeater offset\" mean?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The difference between a repeater’s transmit and receive frequencies",
"B": "The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference",
"C": "The approximately half-second delay to allow for the “squelch tail” to be removed",
"D": "The fee charged by the repeater owner or club to provide for maintenance"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ”?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A shortened form of the term “Contest QSO”",
"B": "“Communication Quality,” used to indicate transmitted audio clarity",
"C": "Only the called station should transmit",
"D": "Calling any station"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is a customary way to indicate a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "“CQ CQ” followed by the repeater’s call sign",
"B": "The station’s call sign followed by the word “listening”",
"C": "The repeater’s call sign followed by the station’s call sign",
"D": "“QSY” followed by your call sign"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band",
"B": "A list of operating schedules",
"C": "A list of available net frequencies",
"D": "A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage"
}
},
{
"id": "T2A11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Full duplex",
"B": "Diplex",
"C": "Simplex",
"D": "Multiplex"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the purpose of the reverse function on a VHF/UHF transceiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To reduce power output",
"B": "To increase power output",
"C": "To listen on a repeater’s input frequency",
"D": "To listen on a repeater’s output frequency"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B02",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Carrier squelch",
"B": "Tone burst",
"C": "DTMF",
"D": "CTCSS"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following describes a linked repeater network?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A network of repeaters in which signals received by one repeater are transmitted by all the repeaters in the network",
"B": "A single repeater with more than one receiver",
"C": "Multiple repeaters with the same control operator",
"D": "A system of repeaters linked by APRS"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Improper transceiver offset",
"B": "You are using the wrong CTCSS tone",
"C": "You are using the wrong DCS code",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following would cause your FM transmission audio to drop out on voice peaks?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Your repeater offset is inverted",
"B": "Your FM deviation is too low",
"C": "You are talking too loudly",
"D": "Your transmit power is too high"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What type of signaling to a repeater uses two simultaneous audio tones?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "DTMF",
"B": "CTCSS",
"C": "GMRS",
"D": "D-STAR"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "How can you join a digital repeater’s “talkgroup”?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Register with the local Frequency Coordinator",
"B": "Register with the digital repeater control operator",
"C": "Program your radio with the group’s ID or code",
"D": "Program your radio with the DTMF tone used by the talkgroup"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The stations should negotiate continued use of the frequency",
"B": "Both stations should choose another frequency to avoid conflict",
"C": "Whichever station was on the frequency first has preemptive rights to the frequency",
"D": "Use subaudible tones so both stations can share the frequency"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "So stations within range of each other can communicate without tying up a repeater",
"B": "For contest operation",
"C": "For working DX only",
"D": "So stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "QRM",
"B": "QRN",
"C": "QTH",
"D": "QSB"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "QRU",
"B": "QSY",
"C": "QSL",
"D": "QRZ"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B12",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the digital color code used on DMR repeater systems?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An access code which must be programmed into a DMR transmitter to access a specific repeater",
"B": "A code which automatically programs the repeater offset to a frequency chosen by the user",
"C": "A code which identifies the specific CODEC being used so that the repeater can properly decode the audio",
"D": "A code transmitted by the repeater to indicate health and status of the equipment"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B13",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the purpose of a squelch function?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Reduce a CW transmitter's key clicks",
"B": "Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not present",
"C": "Eliminate parasitic oscillations in an RF amplifier",
"D": "Reduce interference from impulse noise"
}
},
{
"id": "T2B14",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is a “talkgroup”?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A group of amateur radio operators who share email on a specific amateur radio topic",
"B": "An identifier used by DMR to organize radio traffic so that those who want to hear the group aren’t bothered by other radio traffic",
"C": "The members of a net organized for amateur radio operators with a specific common interest",
"D": "A method of automatically alerting all group members to the frequency where any member is transmitting"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "When do the FCC Part 97 Amateur Radio Service rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When operating under RACES rules",
"B": "When operating under FEMA rules",
"C": "When operating under ARES rules",
"D": "FCC rules always apply"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C02",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following are typical duties of a Net Control Station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Choose the regular net meeting time and frequency",
"B": "Ensure that all stations checking into the net are properly licensed for operation on the net frequency",
"C": "Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Send the words by voice and Morse code",
"B": "Use the Q-code “QSR” to ask the receiving station to repeat the words back",
"C": "Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is RACES?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An emergency organization combining amateur radio and citizens band operators and frequencies",
"B": "An international radio experimentation society",
"C": "A radio contest held in a short period, sometimes called a “sprint”",
"D": "An FCC Part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What does the term “traffic” refer to in net operation?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Formal messages exchanged by net stations",
"B": "The number of stations checking in and out of a net",
"C": "Operation by mobile or portable stations",
"D": "A count of the number of activations of the net each month"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A group of licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service",
"B": "A group of licensed amateurs who are members of the military and who voluntarily agreed to provide message handling services in the case of an emergency",
"C": "A training program that provides licensing courses for those interested in obtaining an amateur license to use during emergencies",
"D": "A training program that certifies amateur operators for membership in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is standard practice when you participate in a net?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When first responding to the net control station, transmit your call sign, name, and address as in the FCC database",
"B": "Record the time of each of your transmissions",
"C": "Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following relays messages using email addresses based on amateur callsigns?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Winlink",
"B": "FT8",
"C": "PSK31",
"D": "AMTOR"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "No",
"B": "Yes, but only when part of a FEMA emergency plan",
"C": "Yes, but only when part of a RACES emergency plan",
"D": "Yes, but only in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The email address of the originating station",
"B": "The address of the intended recipient",
"C": "The telephone number of the addressee",
"D": "Information needed to track the message"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is meant by “check” in a radiogram header?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message",
"B": "The call sign of the originating station",
"C": "A list of stations that have relayed the message",
"D": "A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed"
}
},
{
"id": "T2C12",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following requires certification by a civil defense agency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "ARES",
"B": "RACES",
"C": "MARS",
"D": "SKYWARN"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The signal path encounters different concentrations of water vapor",
"B": "VHF ionospheric propagation is very sensitive to path length",
"C": "Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals",
"D": "The Doppler effect causes slight frequency shifts which result in changes in signal strength"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How does vegetation affect UHF and microwave signals?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Causes knife-edge diffraction, distorting voice peaks",
"B": "Absorbs signals, leading to poor reception of weak signals",
"C": "Amplifies signals, improving reception of weak signals",
"D": "Has no effect"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Right-hand circular",
"B": "Left-hand circular",
"C": "Horizontal",
"D": "Vertical"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the effect of antenna cross-polarization over a line-of-sight VHF or UHF path?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Modulation sidebands might become inverted",
"B": "Received signal strength is reduced",
"C": "Signals have an echo effect",
"D": "Nothing significant will happen"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A05",
"answer": "B",
"text": "When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Change from vertical to horizontal polarization",
"B": "Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater",
"C": "Try the long path",
"D": "Increase the antenna SWR"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the meaning of the term “picket fencing”?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Alternating transmissions during a net operation",
"B": "Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation",
"C": "A type of ground system used with vertical antennas",
"D": "Interference from cable TV in the form of carriers at fixed intervals across the band"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "High winds",
"B": "Low barometric pressure",
"C": "Precipitation",
"D": "Colder temperatures"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Frequency shift due to Faraday rotation",
"B": "Interference from thunderstorms",
"C": "Intermodulation distortion",
"D": "Random combining of signals arriving via different paths"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Digital modes are unusable",
"B": "Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception",
"C": "FM voice is unusable",
"D": "Both the transmitting and receiving antennas must be of the same polarization"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Transmission rates must be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed",
"B": "Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed",
"C": "No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM",
"D": "Error rates are likely to increase"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which region of the atmosphere can reflect HF radio waves?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The stratosphere",
"B": "The troposphere",
"C": "The ionosphere",
"D": "The electrosphere"
}
},
{
"id": "T3A12",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What effect does fog or rain have on 10-meter and 6-meter band signals?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Absorption",
"B": "Little effect",
"C": "Deflection",
"D": "Increased range"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "They travel at different speeds",
"B": "They are in parallel",
"C": "They revolve in opposite directions",
"D": "They are at right angles"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What property of a radio wave defines its polarization?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The orientation of the electric field",
"B": "The orientation of the magnetic field",
"C": "The ratio of the energy in the magnetic field to the energy in the electric field",
"D": "The ratio of the velocity to the wavelength"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What are the two components of a radio wave?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Impedance and reactance",
"B": "Voltage and current",
"C": "Electric and magnetic fields",
"D": "Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B04",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the velocity of a radio wave traveling through free space?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Speed of light",
"B": "Speed of sound",
"C": "0.86 times the speed of light",
"D": "1.86 times the speed of sound"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B05",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Wavelength gets longer as frequency increases",
"B": "Wavelength gets shorter as frequency increases",
"C": "Wavelength is constant at all frequencies",
"D": "Wavelength and frequency increase as path length increases"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300",
"B": "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300",
"C": "Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300",
"D": "Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "In addition to frequency, which of the following is used to identify amateur radio bands?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The approximate wavelength in meters",
"B": "Traditional letter/number designators",
"C": "Channel numbers",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What frequency range is referred to as VHF?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "30 kHz to 300 kHz",
"B": "30 MHz to 300 MHz",
"C": "300 kHz to 3000 kHz",
"D": "300 MHz to 3000 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What frequency range is referred to as UHF?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "30 to 300 kHz",
"B": "30 to 300 MHz",
"C": "300 to 3000 kHz",
"D": "300 to 3000 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What frequency range is referred to as HF?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "300 to 3000 MHz",
"B": "30 to 300 MHz",
"C": "3 to 30 MHz",
"D": "300 to 3000 kHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "150,000,000 meters per second",
"B": "300,000,000 meters per second",
"C": "300,000,000 miles per hour",
"D": "150,000,000 miles per hour"
}
},
{
"id": "T3B12",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of these frequencies travels at the highest velocity in free space?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Microwaves",
"B": "UHF",
"C": "VHF",
"D": "All radio frequencies travel at the same velocity"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "They are too weak to go very far",
"B": "FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles",
"C": "UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere",
"D": "UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D region"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C02",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "HF antennas are generally smaller",
"B": "HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals",
"C": "Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF",
"D": "There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is one characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "They are often received from 10,000 miles or more",
"B": "They are distorted, with a characteristic raspy sound",
"C": "They occur only during winter nighttime hours",
"D": "They are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10-, 6-, and 2-meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Backscatter",
"B": "Sporadic E",
"C": "D region absorption",
"D": "Gray-line propagation"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Knife-edge diffraction",
"B": "Faraday rotation",
"C": "Quantum tunneling",
"D": "Doppler shift"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Tropospheric ducting",
"B": "D region refraction",
"C": "F2 region refraction",
"D": "Faraday rotation"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C07",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "33 centimeters",
"B": "6 meters",
"C": "2 meters",
"D": "70 centimeters"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What causes tropospheric ducting?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Discharges of lightning during electrical storms",
"B": "Sunspots and solar flares",
"C": "Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes",
"D": "Temperature inversions in the atmosphere"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is generally the best time for long-distance 10-meter band propagation via the F region?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity",
"B": "From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity",
"C": "From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity",
"D": "From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere’s F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "6 and 10 meters",
"B": "23 centimeters",
"C": "70 centimeters and 1.25 meters",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T3C11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light",
"B": "Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles",
"C": "The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly",
"D": "Radio waves are blocked by dust particles"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50-watt output mobile FM transceiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "24.0 volts at 4 amperes",
"B": "13.8 volts at 4 amperes",
"C": "24.0 volts at 12 amperes",
"D": "13.8 volts at 12 amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following should be considered when selecting an accessory SWR meter?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made",
"B": "The distance that the meter will be located from the antenna",
"C": "The maximum SWR anticipated on the transmission line",
"D": "The ability of the meter to compensate for a poor transmission line match to the antenna"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver’s DC power connection?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To minimize voltage drop when transmitting",
"B": "To provide a close match to the power supply output impedance",
"C": "To avoid RF interference",
"D": "To minimize radiative losses in the power cable"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How are the audio input and output of a transceiver connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To a computer running a terminal program and connected to a terminal node controller unit",
"B": "To the audio output and input of a computer running FT8 software",
"C": "To an FT8 conversion unit, a keyboard, and a computer monitor",
"D": "To a computer connected to the FT8converter.com website"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Where should an RF power meter be installed?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "In the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna",
"B": "At the power supply output",
"C": "In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna",
"D": "In the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A06",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What signals are used in a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Receive and transmit mode, status, and location",
"B": "Antenna and RF power",
"C": "Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keying",
"D": "NMEA GPS location and DC power"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is one of the connections required between a computer and a transceiver to operate digital modes?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Computer “line out” to transceiver push-to-talk",
"B": "Computer “line in” to transceiver push-to-talk",
"C": "Computer “line in” to transceiver speaker connector",
"D": "Computer “line out” to transceiver speaker connector"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Copper braid removed from coaxial cable",
"B": "Copper-clad steel wire",
"C": "Twisted-pair cable",
"D": "Flat copper strap"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How can you determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Divide the watt-hour rating of the battery by the peak power consumption of the equipment",
"B": "Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment",
"C": "Multiply the watts per hour consumed by the equipment by the battery power rating",
"D": "Multiply the square of the current rating of the battery by the input resistance of the equipment"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What function does a digital mode hotspot perform for nearby transceivers?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Communication with a digital voice or data network",
"B": "FT8 digital communications via AFSK using a smartphone connected to the internet",
"C": "RTTY encoding and decoding without a computer",
"D": "High-speed digital communications for meteor scatter"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Where should the negative power return of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "At the 12-volt battery chassis ground",
"B": "To the shell of the power connector",
"C": "To any metal part of the vehicle",
"D": "Through the transceiver’s mounting bracket"
}
},
{
"id": "T4A12",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is an electronic keyer?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A device for switching antennas from transmit to receive",
"B": "A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit",
"C": "A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code",
"D": "An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Frequency instability",
"B": "Distorted transmitted audio",
"C": "Increased SWR",
"D": "Sideband inversion"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following can be used to enter a transceiver’s operating frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The keypad or VFO knob",
"B": "The CTCSS or DTMF encoder",
"C": "The Automatic Frequency Control",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "How is squelch adjusted so that a weak FM signal can be heard?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Set the squelch threshold so that receiver output audio is on all the time",
"B": "Turn up the audio level until it overcomes the squelch threshold",
"C": "Turn on the anti-squelch function",
"D": "Enable squelch enhancement"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What does an FM signal sound like when received slightly off frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The audio increases in pitch",
"B": "The audio decrease in pitch",
"C": "There is no effect except for reduction in amplitude",
"D": "The audio becomes distorted"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What does the scanning function of an FM transceiver do?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Checks incoming signal deviation",
"B": "Prevents interference to nearby repeaters",
"C": "Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity",
"D": "Tunes through a range of frequencies to determine the antenna’s resonant frequency"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The AGC or limiter",
"B": "The bandwidth selection",
"C": "The tone squelch",
"D": "The RIT or Clarifier"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B07",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is a DMR “code plug”?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An adapter cable used to connect a DMR radio to a computer for internet access",
"B": "Configuration data loaded onto your radio to access repeaters and talkgroups",
"C": "An upgrade to DMR programming software provided by the radio manufacturer to accommodate new radio models",
"D": "A Coder-Decoder (CODEC) that converts analog voice data to DMR digital data and vice versa"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the advantage of having a choice of receiver filter bandwidths in a multimode transceiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Permits monitoring several modes simultaneously by selecting a separate filter for each mode",
"B": "Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode",
"C": "Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory",
"D": "Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "How is a specific group of stations selected on a DMR digital voice transceiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "By retrieving the frequencies from transceiver memory",
"B": "By enabling the group’s CTCSS tone",
"C": "By entering the group’s identification code",
"D": "By inserting a five-pin, pre-programmed code plug"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following receiver filter bandwidths provides the best signal-to-noise ratio for SSB reception?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "500 Hz",
"B": "1000 Hz",
"C": "2400 Hz",
"D": "5000 Hz"
}
},
{
"id": "T4B11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Your call sign",
"B": "Your output power",
"C": "The codec type being used",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Electrical current is measured in which of the following units?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Volts",
"B": "Watts",
"C": "Ohms",
"D": "Amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Electrical power is measured in which of the following units?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Volts",
"B": "Watts",
"C": "Watt-hours",
"D": "Amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the term for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Voltage",
"B": "Amperes per second",
"C": "Volts per second",
"D": "Current"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What term describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Pulse rate",
"B": "Wave number",
"C": "Frequency",
"D": "Wavelength"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "A difference in which of the following causes electron flow?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Voltage",
"B": "Ampere-hours",
"C": "Capacitance",
"D": "Inductance"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the unit of frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Hertz",
"B": "Henry",
"C": "Farad",
"D": "Epicycles per second"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A07",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "They have relatively high density",
"B": "They have many free electrons",
"C": "They have many free protons",
"D": "They have relatively high Young’s modulus values"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is a good electrical insulator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Sea water",
"B": "Glass",
"C": "Stainless steel",
"D": "Graphite"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following describes alternating current?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Current that alternates between a positive direction and zero",
"B": "Current that alternates between a negative direction and zero",
"C": "Current that alternates between positive and negative directions",
"D": "All these answers are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Resistance",
"B": "Current",
"C": "Power",
"D": "Voltage"
}
},
{
"id": "T5A11",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What type of current flow is opposed by resistance?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Direct current",
"B": "Alternating current",
"C": "RF current",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "0.0000015 milliamperes",
"B": "0.0015 milliamperes",
"C": "1500 milliamperes",
"D": "1,500,000 milliamperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which is equal to 1,500,000 hertz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "1500 kHz",
"B": "1500 MHz",
"C": "15 GHz",
"D": "150 kHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which is equal to one kilovolt?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "One one-thousandth of a volt",
"B": "One hundred volts",
"C": "One thousand volts",
"D": "One million volts"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B04",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which is equal to one microvolt?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "One one-millionth of a volt",
"B": "One million volts",
"C": "One thousand kilovolts",
"D": "One one-thousandth of a volt"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B05",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which is equal to 500 milliwatts?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "5 watts",
"B": "0.5 watts",
"C": "500,000 watts",
"D": "500,000,000 watts"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which is equal to 3000 milliamperes?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "0.003 amperes",
"B": "0.3 amperes",
"C": "3,000,000 amperes",
"D": "3 amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which is equal to 3.525 MHz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "0.003525 kHz",
"B": "35.25 kHz",
"C": "3525 kHz",
"D": "3,525,000 kHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "0.001 microfarads",
"B": "1 microfarad",
"C": "1000 microfarads",
"D": "1,000,000,000 microfarads"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which decibel value most closely represents a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "2 dB",
"B": "3 dB",
"C": "5 dB",
"D": "10 dB"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which decibel value most closely represents a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "-1 dB",
"B": "-3 dB",
"C": "-6 dB",
"D": "-9 dB"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which decibel value represents a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "10 dB",
"B": "12 dB",
"C": "18 dB",
"D": "28 dB"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B12",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which is equal to 28400 kHz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "28.400 kHz",
"B": "2.800 MHz",
"C": "284.00 MHz",
"D": "28.400 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T5B13",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which is equal to 2425 MHz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "0.002425 GHz",
"B": "24.25 GHz",
"C": "2.425 GHz",
"D": "242.5 GHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What describes the ability to store energy in an electric field?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Inductance",
"B": "Resistance",
"C": "Frequency",
"D": "Capacitance"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the unit of capacitance?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Farad",
"B": "Ohm",
"C": "Volt",
"D": "Henry"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What describes the ability to store energy in a magnetic field?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Admittance",
"B": "Capacitance",
"C": "Resistance",
"D": "Inductance"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the unit of inductance?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Coulomb",
"B": "Farad",
"C": "Henry",
"D": "Ohm"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the unit of impedance?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Volt",
"B": "Ampere",
"C": "Coulomb",
"D": "Ohm"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "kHz",
"B": "khz",
"C": "KHz",
"D": "KHZ"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the abbreviation for megahertz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "mHz",
"B": "mHZ",
"C": "Mhz",
"D": "MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What formula is used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "P = I x E",
"B": "P = E / I",
"C": "P = I2 x E",
"D": "P = I / E"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "How much power is delivered by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "138 watts",
"B": "0.7 watts",
"C": "23.8 watts",
"D": "3.8 watts"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C10",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How much power is delivered by a voltage of 12 volts DC and a current of 2.5 amperes?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "4.8 watts",
"B": "30 watts",
"C": "14.5 watts",
"D": "0.208 watts"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How much current is required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage of 12 volts DC?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "0.1 amperes",
"B": "10 amperes",
"C": "12 amperes",
"D": "132 amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5C12",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is impedance?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The opposition to AC current flow",
"B": "The inverse of resistance",
"C": "The inverse of reactance",
"D": "The power handling capability of a component"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "I = E x R",
"B": "I = E / R",
"C": "I = E2 x R",
"D": "I = E2 / R"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "E = I x R",
"B": "E = I / R",
"C": "E = I",
"D": "E = I"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "R = E x I",
"B": "R = E / I",
"C": "R = E + I",
"D": "R = E - I"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows when connected to 90 volts?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "3 ohms",
"B": "30 ohms",
"C": "1/30 ohm",
"D": "270 ohms"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the resistance of a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "18 ohms",
"B": "0.125 ohms",
"C": "8 ohms",
"D": "13.5 ohms"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "3 ohms",
"B": "16 ohms",
"C": "48 ohms",
"D": "8 ohms"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "9600 amperes",
"B": "200 amperes",
"C": "0.667 amperes",
"D": "1.5 amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D08",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "20,000 amperes",
"B": "0.5 amperes",
"C": "2 amperes",
"D": "100 amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "2400 amperes",
"B": "0.1 amperes",
"C": "10 amperes",
"D": "5760 amperes"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "1 volt",
"B": "0.25 volts",
"C": "2.5 volts",
"D": "1.5 volts"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "1 volt",
"B": "10 volts",
"C": "11 volts",
"D": "9 volts"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D12",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "8 volts",
"B": "0.2 volts",
"C": "12 volts",
"D": "20 volts"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D13",
"answer": "A",
"text": "In which type of circuit is the current always the same through all components?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Series",
"B": "Parallel",
"C": "Resonant",
"D": "Branch"
}
},
{
"id": "T5D14",
"answer": "B",
"text": "In which type of circuit is the voltage always the same across all components?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Series",
"B": "Parallel",
"C": "Resonant",
"D": "Branch"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Inductor",
"B": "Resistor",
"C": "Inverter",
"D": "Transformer"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A02",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Fixed resistor",
"B": "Power resistor",
"C": "Potentiometer",
"D": "Transformer"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Inductance",
"B": "Resistance",
"C": "Capacitance",
"D": "Field strength"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What electrical component stores energy in an electric field?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Capacitor",
"C": "Inductor",
"D": "Diode"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What type of electrical component consists of conductive surfaces separated by an insulator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Potentiometer",
"C": "Oscillator",
"D": "Capacitor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A06",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Capacitor",
"C": "Inductor",
"D": "Diode"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What electrical component is typically constructed as a coil of wire?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Transistor",
"B": "Capacitor",
"C": "Diode",
"D": "Inductor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A08",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the function of an SPDT switch?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A single circuit is opened or closed",
"B": "Two circuits are opened or closed",
"C": "A single circuit is switched between one of two other circuits",
"D": "Two circuits are each switched between one of two other circuits"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What type of switch is represented by component 3 in figure T-2?",
"picture": t2image,
"options": {
"A": "Single-pole single-throw",
"B": "Single-pole double-throw",
"C": "Double-pole single-throw",
"D": "Double-pole double-throw"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following battery chemistries is rechargeable?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Nickel-metal hydride",
"B": "Lithium-ion",
"C": "Lead-acid",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T6A11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following battery chemistries is not rechargeable?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Nickel-cadmium",
"B": "Carbon-zinc",
"C": "Lead-acid",
"D": "Lithium-ion"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B01",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which is true about forward voltage drop in a diode?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It is lower in some diode types than in others",
"B": "It is proportional to peak inverse voltage",
"C": "It indicates that the diode is defective",
"D": "It has no impact on the voltage delivered to the load"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B02",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Fuse",
"C": "Diode",
"D": "Driven element"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Varistor",
"B": "Potentiometer",
"C": "Transistor",
"D": "Thermistor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following components can consist of three regions of semiconductor material?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Alternator",
"B": "Transistor",
"C": "Triode",
"D": "Pentode"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B05",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What type of transistor has a gate, drain, and source?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Varistor",
"B": "Field-effect",
"C": "Hall-effect",
"D": "Bipolar junction"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "With the word \"cathode\"",
"B": "With a stripe",
"C": "With the letter C",
"D": "With the letter K"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What causes a light-emitting diode (LED) to emit light?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Forward current",
"B": "Reverse current",
"C": "Capacitively-coupled RF signal",
"D": "Inductively-coupled RF signal"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What does the abbreviation FET stand for?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Frequency Emission Transmitter",
"B": "Fast Electron Transistor",
"C": "Free Electron Transmitter",
"D": "Field Effect Transistor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What are the names for the electrodes of a diode?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Plus and minus",
"B": "Source and drain",
"C": "Anode and cathode",
"D": "Gate and base"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B10",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following can provide power gain?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Transformer",
"B": "Transistor",
"C": "Reactor",
"D": "Resistor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B11",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What does the term gain mean in amplifiers?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The output signal voltage relative to the input signal voltage",
"B": "The output signal current relative to the input signal current",
"C": "The output signal power relative to the input signal power",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T6B12",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What are the names of the electrodes of a bipolar junction transistor?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Signal, bias, power",
"B": "Emitter, base, collector",
"C": "Input, output, supply",
"D": "Pole one, pole two, output"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is an electrical diagram using standard component symbols called?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Connection chart",
"B": "Instrumentation system",
"C": "Schematic",
"D": "Flow chart"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is component 1 in figure T-1?",
"picture": t1image,
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Transistor",
"C": "Battery",
"D": "Connector"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is component 2 in figure T-1?",
"picture": t1image,
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Transistor",
"C": "Indicator lamp",
"D": "Connector"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is component 3 in figure T-1?",
"picture": t1image,
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Transistor",
"C": "Lamp",
"D": "Ground symbol"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is component 4 in figure T-1?",
"picture": t1image,
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Transistor",
"C": "Ground symbol",
"D": "Battery"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is component 6 in figure T-2?",
"picture": t2image,
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Capacitor",
"C": "Regulator IC",
"D": "Transistor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is component 8 in figure T-2?",
"picture": t2image,
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Inductor",
"C": "Regulator IC",
"D": "Light emitting diode"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C08",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is component 9 in figure T-2?",
"picture": t2image,
"options": {
"A": "Variable capacitor",
"B": "Variable inductor",
"C": "Variable resistor",
"D": "Variable transformer"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is component 4 in figure T-2?",
"picture": t2image,
"options": {
"A": "Variable inductor",
"B": "Double-pole switch",
"C": "Potentiometer",
"D": "Transformer"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is component 3 in figure T-3?",
"picture": t3image,
"options": {
"A": "Connector",
"B": "Meter",
"C": "Variable capacitor",
"D": "Variable inductor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is component 4 in figure T-3?",
"picture": t3image,
"options": {
"A": "Antenna",
"B": "Transmitter",
"C": "Dummy load",
"D": "Ground"
}
},
{
"id": "T6C12",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Wire lengths",
"B": "Physical appearance of components",
"C": "Component connections",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Transformer",
"B": "Rectifier",
"C": "Amplifier",
"D": "Reflector"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is a relay?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An electrically-controlled switch",
"B": "A current-controlled amplifier",
"C": "An inverting amplifier",
"D": "A pass transistor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is a reason to use shielded wire?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To decrease the resistance of DC power connections",
"B": "To increase the current carrying capability of the wire",
"C": "To prevent coupling of unwanted signals to or from the wire",
"D": "To reduce receiver overload"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Potentiometer",
"B": "Transistor",
"C": "Meter",
"D": "Relay"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What type of circuit controls the amount of voltage from a power supply?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Regulator",
"B": "Oscillator",
"C": "Filter",
"D": "Phase inverter"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What component changes 120 V AC power to a lower AC voltage for other uses?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Variable capacitor",
"B": "Transformer",
"C": "Transistor",
"D": "Diode"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following is commonly used as a visual indicator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "LED",
"B": "FET",
"C": "Zener diode",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a resonant circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Resistor",
"B": "Zener diode",
"C": "Potentiometer",
"D": "Capacitor"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the name of a device that combines several semiconductors and other components into one package?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Transducer",
"B": "Multi-pole relay",
"C": "Integrated circuit",
"D": "Transformer"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the function of component 2 in figure T-1?",
"picture": t1image,
"options": {
"A": "Give off light when current flows through it",
"B": "Supply electrical energy",
"C": "Control the flow of current",
"D": "Convert electrical energy into radio waves"
}
},
{
"id": "T6D11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An inductor and a capacitor in series or parallel",
"B": "A linear voltage regulator",
"C": "A resistor circuit used for reducing standing wave ratio",
"D": "A circuit designed to provide high-fidelity audio"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "RF gain",
"B": "Sensitivity",
"C": "Selectivity",
"D": "Total Harmonic Distortion"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is a transceiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A device that combines a receiver and transmitter",
"B": "A device for matching feed line impedance to 50 ohms",
"C": "A device for automatically sending and decoding Morse code",
"D": "A device for converting receiver and transmitter frequencies to another band"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is used to convert a signal from one frequency to another?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Phase splitter",
"B": "Mixer",
"C": "Inverter",
"D": "Amplifier"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple signals?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Discrimination ratio",
"B": "Sensitivity",
"C": "Selectivity",
"D": "Harmonic distortion"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Reactance modulator",
"B": "Phase modulator",
"C": "Low-pass filter",
"D": "Oscillator"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A06",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "High-pass filter",
"B": "Low-pass filter",
"C": "Transverter",
"D": "Phase converter"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A07",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the function of a transceiver’s PTT input?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Input for a key used to send CW",
"B": "Switches transceiver from receive to transmit when grounded",
"C": "Provides a transmit tuning tone when grounded",
"D": "Input for a preamplifier tuning tone"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A08",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Impedance matching",
"B": "Oscillation",
"C": "Modulation",
"D": "Low-pass filtering"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the function of the switch which selects either SSB or CW-FM on some VHF power amplifiers?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Change the mode of the transmitted signal",
"B": "Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode",
"C": "Change the frequency range of the amplifier to operate in the proper segment of the band",
"D": "Reduce the received signal noise"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A10",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What can be added to the output of a transceiver to increase the transmitted output power?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A potentiometer",
"B": "An RF power amplifier",
"C": "An impedance multiplier",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T7A11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the function of the Variable Frequency Oscillator (VFO) circuit in a transceiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Set the receive and transmit frequency",
"B": "Provide automatic frequency control",
"C": "Inject a variable frequency to allow CW reception",
"D": "Generate and demodulate single sideband signals"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over-deviating?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Talk louder into the microphone",
"B": "Let the transceiver cool off",
"C": "Change to a higher power level",
"D": "Talk farther away from the microphone"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur radio transmission unintentionally?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM band",
"B": "The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too high",
"C": "The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloaded",
"D": "The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Fundamental overload",
"B": "Harmonics",
"C": "Spurious emissions",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following might be the cause of low RF power output from a solid-state transceiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Poor amplifier noise figure",
"B": "Poor amplifier linearity",
"C": "Low SWR",
"D": "High SWR"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following might reduce interference by an amateur station to a non-amateur over-the-air radio receiver?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiver",
"B": "Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitter",
"C": "Switch the transmitter from FM to SSB",
"D": "Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station’s transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel",
"B": "Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance",
"C": "Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following can reduce interference to a 2-meter band transceiver from a nearby commercial FM station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Installing an RF preamplifier",
"B": "Using double-shielded coaxial cable",
"C": "Installing bypass capacitors on the microphone cable",
"D": "Installing a band-reject filter"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What should you do if something in a neighbor’s home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device",
"B": "Politely inform your neighbor that FCC rules prohibit the use of devices that cause interference",
"C": "Make sure your station meets the standards of good amateur practice",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What should be the first step to resolve non-fiber optic cable TV interference caused by your amateur radio transmission?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Add a low-pass filter to the TV antenna input",
"B": "Add a high-pass filter to the TV antenna input",
"C": "Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input",
"D": "Be sure all TV feed line coaxial connectors are installed properly"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through an FM repeater is distorted or unintelligible?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Your transmitter is slightly off frequency",
"B": "You are speaking too loudly or too close to the microphone",
"C": "You are in a bad location",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T7B11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following can eliminate distorted voice transmissions?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Adding extra feedline to the antenna to lower SWR",
"B": "Turning the radio on and off to reset the computer-controlled circuitry",
"C": "Adding a clip-on ferrite “choke” to the microphone cable to prevent the transmitted signal from feeding back into the transmitter ",
"D": "Turning the squelch control fully clockwise to prevent the transmitted signal from triggering the squelch circuit"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C01",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the primary purpose of a dummy load?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To prevent transmitting signals over the air when making tests",
"B": "To prevent over-modulation of a transmitter",
"C": "To improve the efficiency of an antenna",
"D": "To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired operating frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A VTVM",
"B": "An antenna analyzer",
"C": "A Q meter",
"D": "A frequency counter"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What does a typical RF dummy load consist of?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A low-voltage power supply and an AC relay",
"B": "A 50-ohm non-inductive resistor mounted on a heat sink",
"C": "A low-voltage power supply and a DC relay",
"D": "A 50-ohm inductive reactance mounted in a shielded enclosure"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What reading on an SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "50:50",
"B": "Zero",
"C": "1:1",
"D": "Full Scale"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Why do most solid-state transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases beyond a certain level?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To protect the RF output amplifier transistors",
"B": "To comply with FCC rules on spectral purity",
"C": "Because power supplies cannot supply enough current at high SWR",
"D": "To lower the SWR on the transmission line"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Loss of -4 dB",
"B": "Good impedance match",
"C": "Gain of +4 dB",
"D": "Impedance mismatch"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What happens to power lost in a feed line?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It increases the SWR",
"B": "It is radiated as harmonics",
"C": "It is converted into heat",
"D": "It distorts the signal"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which instrument can be used to determine SWR?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Voltmeter",
"B": "Ohmmeter",
"C": "Iambic pentameter",
"D": "Directional wattmeter"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following causes failure of coaxial cables?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Moisture contamination",
"B": "Solder flux contamination",
"C": "Rapid fluctuation in transmitter output power",
"D": "Operation at 100% duty cycle for an extended period"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Ultraviolet light can increase the resistance of the conductors",
"B": "Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable’s jacket",
"C": "Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix, causing interference",
"D": "Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable"
}
},
{
"id": "T7C11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is an advantage of foam-dielectric versus solid-dielectric coaxial cable?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It is more resistant to moisture contamination",
"B": "It has higher voltage breakdown",
"C": "It has less loss per foot",
"D": "It has a better impedance match to 50 ohms"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An ammeter",
"B": "A voltmeter",
"C": "A potentiometer",
"D": "An ohmmeter"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How is a voltmeter connected to a component to measure applied voltage?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "In series",
"B": "In parallel",
"C": "In quadrature",
"D": "In phase"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "When configured to measure current, how is a multimeter connected to a component?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "In series",
"B": "In parallel",
"C": "In quadrature",
"D": "In phase"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which instrument is used to measure electric current?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An ohmmeter",
"B": "An electrometer",
"C": "A voltmeter",
"D": "An ammeter"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "How does an ohmmeter measure the resistance of a circuit or component?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "By applying a small current and measuring the resulting voltage",
"B": "By placing a variable resistor in parallel with the circuit",
"C": "By placing a variable resistor in series with the circuit",
"D": "By applying a variable voltage and measuring the resulting current change"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D06",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following can damage a multimeter?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Attempting to measure resistance using the voltage setting",
"B": "Failing to connect one of the probes to ground",
"C": "Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting",
"D": "Not allowing it to warm up properly"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following measurements are made using a multimeter?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Signal strength and noise",
"B": "Impedance and reactance",
"C": "Voltage and resistance",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following types of solder should not be used for radio and electronic applications?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Acid-core solder",
"B": "Lead-tin solder",
"C": "Rosin-core solder",
"D": "Tin-copper solder"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the characteristic appearance of a cold tin-lead solder joint?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Dark black spots",
"B": "A bright or shiny surface",
"C": "A rough or lumpy surface",
"D": "A greenish tinge"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What reading indicates that an ohmmeter is connected across a large, discharged capacitor?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Increasing resistance with time",
"B": "Decreasing resistance with time",
"C": "Steady full-scale reading",
"D": "Alternating between open and short circuit"
}
},
{
"id": "T7D11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring in-circuit resistance with an ohmmeter?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Ensure that the applied voltages are correct",
"B": "Ensure that the circuit is not powered",
"C": "Ensure that the circuit is grounded",
"D": "Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Spread spectrum",
"B": "Packet radio",
"C": "Single sideband",
"D": "Phase shift keying (PSK)"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What type of modulation is commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "FM or PM",
"B": "SSB",
"C": "AM",
"D": "PSK"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which type of voice mode is often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "FM",
"B": "DRM",
"C": "SSB",
"D": "PM"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which type of modulation is commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "AM",
"B": "SSB",
"C": "PSK",
"D": "FM or PM"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following signal types has the narrowest bandwidth?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "FM voice",
"B": "SSB voice",
"C": "CW",
"D": "Slow-scan TV"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A06",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which sideband is normally used for 10-meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Upper sideband",
"B": "Lower sideband",
"C": "Suppressed sideband",
"D": "Inverted sideband"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is one characteristic of single sideband (SSB) compared to FM?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "SSB signals are easier to tune in correctly",
"B": "SSB signals are less susceptible to interference",
"C": "SSB signals have narrower bandwidth",
"D": "SSB signals are less susceptible to high SWR"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the approximate bandwidth of a typical single sideband (SSB) voice signal?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "1 kHz",
"B": "3 kHz",
"C": "6 kHz",
"D": "15 kHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the approximate bandwidth of an FM voice signal on VHF repeaters?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Less than 500 Hz",
"B": "About 150 kHz",
"C": "Between 10 and 15 kHz",
"D": "Between 50 and 125 kHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A10",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the approximate bandwidth of AM fast-scan TV transmissions?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "More than 10 MHz",
"B": "About 6 MHz",
"C": "About 3 MHz",
"D": "About 1 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the approximate bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "2.4 kHz",
"B": "150 Hz",
"C": "1000 Hz",
"D": "15 kHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T8A12",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is a disadvantage of FM compared with single sideband?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Voice quality is poorer",
"B": "Only one signal can be received at a time",
"C": "FM signals are harder to tune",
"D": "FM signals are more susceptible to high SWR"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The signal strength of received signals",
"B": "Time of day accurate to plus or minus 1/10 second",
"C": "Health and status of the satellite",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the impact of using excessive effective radiated power on a satellite uplink?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Possibility of commanding the satellite to an improper mode",
"B": "Blocking access by other users",
"C": "Overloading the satellite batteries",
"D": "Possibility of rebooting the satellite control computer"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over Earth",
"B": "The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass",
"C": "The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "SSB",
"B": "FM",
"C": "CW/data",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is a satellite beacon?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The primary transmit antenna on the satellite",
"B": "An indicator light that shows where to point your antenna",
"C": "A reflective surface on the satellite",
"D": "A transmission from a satellite that contains status information"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The satellite transmitted power",
"B": "The Keplerian elements",
"C": "The last observed time of zero Doppler shift",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is Doppler shift in reference to satellite communications?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A change in the satellite orbit",
"B": "A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another",
"C": "An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and Earth station",
"D": "A special digital communications mode for some satellites"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B08",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What does it mean if a satellite is operating in U/V mode?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The satellite uplink is in the 15-meter band and the downlink is in the 10-meter band",
"B": "The satellite uplink is in the 70-centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2-meter band",
"C": "The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies",
"D": "The satellite frequencies are usually variable"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What causes spin fading of satellite signals?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun",
"B": "Rotation of the satellite and its antennas",
"C": "Doppler shift of the received signal",
"D": "Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What does the term LEO mean in reference to communication satellites?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Low Energy Orbit, which conserves battery power",
"B": "Low Elevation Orbit, which appears close to the horizon from the earth station",
"C": "Low Equilibrium Orbit, which has a slightly unstable period",
"D": "Low Earth Orbit, which has a period of around 100 minutes"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Who is permitted to receive telemetry from an amateur radio satellite?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Anyone",
"B": "Only the satellite control operator",
"C": "Only the control operator or a licensed radio amateur who has received the encryption key from the control",
"D": "Only a licensed radio amateur who has received the encryption key from AMSAT"
}
},
{
"id": "T8B12",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is a way to determine whether your satellite uplink power into a linear transponder satellite is neither too low nor too high?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Check your signal strength report in the telemetry data",
"B": "Listen for distortion on your downlink signal",
"C": "Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon",
"D": "Compare your signal to others on the downlink using an internet SDR receiver"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Echolocation",
"B": "Doppler radar",
"C": "Radio direction finding",
"D": "Phase locking"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Calibrated SWR meter",
"B": "A directional antenna",
"C": "A directional wattmeter",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Simulated emergency exercises",
"B": "Net operations",
"C": "Hidden transmitter hunts",
"D": "Contesting"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is good practice when contacting another station in a contest?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Signing only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling",
"B": "Contacting the station twice to be sure that you are in his log",
"C": "Sending only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange",
"D": "Adding “Please copy” before your exchange"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is a grid locator?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location",
"B": "A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation",
"C": "An instrument for locating faults in power amplifiers",
"D": "An instrument for radio direction finding"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How is over the air access to Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP) nodes accomplished?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "By obtaining a password that is sent via voice to the node",
"B": "By using Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signals",
"C": "By entering the proper internet password",
"D": "By using Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) tone codes"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the internet to another station",
"B": "A technique employed to “spot” DX stations via the internet",
"C": "A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the internet",
"D": "A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet",
"B": "A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio",
"C": "A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations",
"D": "A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the internet"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following protocols enables an amateur station to transmit through a repeater without using a radio to initiate the transmission?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "IRLP",
"B": "D-STAR",
"C": "DMR",
"D": "EchoLink"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is required before using the EchoLink system?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Complete the required EchoLink training",
"B": "Purchase a license to use the EchoLink software",
"C": "Register your call sign and provide proof of license",
"D": "At least a General Class license"
}
},
{
"id": "T8C11",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is an amateur radio station that connects other amateur stations to the internet?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A gateway",
"B": "A repeater",
"C": "A digipeater",
"D": "A beacon"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following is a digital communications mode?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Packet radio",
"B": "IEEE 802.11",
"C": "FT8",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is FT8?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A wideband FM voice mode",
"B": "A digital mode capable of low signal-to-noise operation",
"C": "An eight-channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters",
"D": "A digital slow-scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What kind of data can be transmitted by APRS?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "GPS position data",
"B": "Text messages",
"C": "Weather data",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is meant by the term \"NTSC?\"",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A digital transmission standard for encrypting data",
"B": "A special mode for satellite uplink",
"C": "An analog fast-scan color TV signal",
"D": "A frame compression scheme for TV signals"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D05",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following is an application of APRS?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations",
"B": "Automatically showing the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval",
"C": "Providing voice over internet connection between repeaters",
"D": "Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What does the abbreviation \"PSK\" mean?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Pulse Shift Keying",
"B": "Phase Shift Keying",
"C": "Packet Sampled Keying",
"D": "Power Sampled Keying"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following describes DMR?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A technique for time-multiplexing two digital voice signals on a single 12.5 kHz repeater channel",
"B": "An automatic position tracking mode for FM mobiles communicating through repeaters",
"C": "An automatic computer logging technique for hands-off logging when communicating while operating a vehicle",
"D": "A digital technique for transmitting on two repeater inputs simultaneously for automatic error correction"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following is included in packet radio transmissions?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A checksum that permits error detection",
"B": "A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent",
"C": "Automatic repeat request in case of error",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D09",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is CW?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A type of electromagnetic propagation",
"B": "A digital mode used primarily on 2-meter FM",
"C": "Error correction for digital transmission using code words",
"D": "Another name for a Morse code transmission"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT-X software suite?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Earth-Moon-Earth",
"B": "Weak signal propagation beacons",
"C": "Meteor scatter",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the role of ARQ in a transmission system?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A special transmission format limited to video signals",
"B": "A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite",
"C": "An error correction method in which the receiving station detects errors and sends a request for retransmission",
"D": "A method of compressing data using autonomous reiterative Q codes prior to final encoding"
}
},
{
"id": "T8D12",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following best describes an amateur radio mesh network?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An amateur-radio data network using commercial Wi-Fi equipment with modified firmware",
"B": "A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DMR protocols",
"C": "An amateur-radio satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware",
"D": "An internet linking protocol allowing communication through repeaters around the world"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is a beam antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "An antenna built from square aluminum beams",
"B": "An omnidirectional antenna invented by Clarence Beam",
"C": "An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction",
"D": "An antenna that focuses the signal into two intense rays"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A02",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Electrically lengthening by inserting inductors in radiating elements",
"B": "Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant",
"C": "Installing a spring in the base of a mobile vertical antenna to make it more flexible",
"D": "Strengthening the radiating elements of a beam antenna to better resist wind damage"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How is the polarization of an antenna described?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "By the shape of the driven element",
"B": "By the orientation of the electric field",
"C": "By the orientation of the magnetic field",
"D": "By the direction of radiation"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A04",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is a disadvantage of a handheld radio transceiver’s short flexible antenna compared to a full-sized quarterwave antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It has low efficiency",
"B": "It transmits only circularly polarized signals",
"C": "It is more susceptible to receiver desensitization",
"D": "It only works on analog signals, not digital ones"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following increases the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Lengthening it",
"B": "Inserting coils in series with radiating wires",
"C": "Shortening it",
"D": "Adding capacitive loading to the ends of the radiating wires"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following types of antennas offers the greatest gain?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "5/8 wave vertical",
"B": "Isotropic",
"C": "J pole",
"D": "Yagi"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A07",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is a potential drawback of using a handheld VHF transceiver inside a vehicle that lacks an externally mounted antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Signal strength is reduced due to the shielding effect of the vehicle",
"B": "The bandwidth of the antenna will decrease, increasing SWR",
"C": "The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength",
"D": "The handheld will overheat due to reflected power in the vehicle"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A08",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Why is a 19-inch-long vertical antenna often used on 2 meters?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It has high gain",
"B": "It is a resonant half-wave",
"C": "It is a resonant quarter-wave",
"D": "It has low RF radiation exposure"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A09",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is an advantage of a 5/8-wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service compared to a 1/4-wave antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It has more gain",
"B": "It radiates at a higher angle",
"C": "It has lower SWR",
"D": "It has lower impedance"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A10",
"answer": "D",
"text": "In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Equally in all directions",
"B": "Off the ends of the antenna",
"C": "In the direction of the feed line",
"D": "Broadside to the antenna"
}
},
{
"id": "T9A11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is antenna gain?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The additional power that is added to the transmitter power",
"B": "The additional power that is required in the antenna when transmitting on a higher frequency",
"C": "The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna",
"D": "The increase in impedance on receive or transmit compared to a reference antenna"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following connectors should be carefully taped for weather protection when used outdoors?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "PL259",
"B": "BNC",
"C": "Type N",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the most common impedance of coaxial cables used in amateur radio?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "8 ohms",
"B": "50 ohms",
"C": "600 ohms",
"D": "12 ohms"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B03",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line for amateur radio antenna systems?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations",
"B": "It has less loss than any other type of feed line",
"C": "It can handle more power than any other type of feed line",
"D": "It is less expensive than any other type of feed line"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B04",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver's output impedance",
"B": "It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations",
"C": "It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive",
"D": "It automatically selects the proper antenna for the frequency band being used"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What happens as the frequency of a signal in coaxial cable is increased?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The characteristic impedance decreases",
"B": "The loss decreases",
"C": "The characteristic impedance increases",
"D": "The loss increases"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B06",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following connector types is most suitable as an RF connector for frequencies above 400 MHz?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "PL-259",
"B": "Type N",
"C": "RS-213",
"D": "DB-25"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "They are preferred for microwave operation",
"B": "They are watertight",
"C": "They are commonly used at HF and VHF frequencies",
"D": "They are a bayonet-type connector"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following is a source of loss in coaxial feed line?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Water intrusion into coaxial connectors",
"B": "High SWR",
"C": "Multiple connectors in the line",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What can cause erratic changes in SWR?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Local thunderstorm",
"B": "Loose connection in the antenna or feed line",
"C": "Over-modulation",
"D": "Overload from a strong local station"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-213 coaxial cable?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "There is no significant difference between the two types",
"B": "RG-58 cable has two shields",
"C": "RG-213 cable has less loss at a given frequency",
"D": "RG-58 cable can handle higher power levels"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "50-ohm flexible coax",
"B": "Multi-conductor unbalanced cable",
"C": "Air-insulated hardline",
"D": "75-ohm flexible coax"
}
},
{
"id": "T9B12",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What is standing wave ratio (SWR)?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission line",
"B": "The ratio of amplifier power output to input",
"C": "The transmitter efficiency ratio",
"D": "An indication of the quality of your station’s ground connection"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A01",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery that lacks internal protection circuitry?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Touching both terminals with your hands can cause electrical shock",
"B": "Shorting the terminals can cause burns, fire, or an explosion",
"C": "RF emissions from a nearby transmitter can cause the electrolyte to emit poison gas",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A02",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What health hazard is posed by electrical current flowing through the body?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It may cause injury by heating body tissue",
"B": "It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells",
"C": "It may cause involuntary muscle contractions",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A03",
"answer": "B",
"text": "In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V AC cable?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Neutral",
"B": "Hot",
"C": "Equipment ground",
"D": "Negative"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A04",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "To prevent power supply ripple from damaging a component",
"B": "To remove power in case of an overload",
"C": "To limit current and prevent shocks",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A05",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Why should a 5-ampere fuse never be replaced with a 20-ampere fuse?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The larger fuse would be likely to blow because it is rated for higher current",
"B": "The power supply ripple would greatly increase",
"C": "Excessive current could cause a fire",
"D": "Voltage drop in the higher current fuse could result in excessively low voltage to the device"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Use three-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment",
"B": "Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common safety ground",
"C": "Ensure all capacitors used for high-voltage DC are fully discharged before working inside equipment",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A07",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Where should a lightning arrester be installed in a coaxial feed line?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "At the output connector of a transceiver",
"B": "At the antenna feed point",
"C": "At the AC power service panel",
"D": "On a grounded panel near where feed lines enter the building"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Where should a fuse or circuit breaker be installed in a 120V AC power circuit?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "In series with the hot conductor only",
"B": "In series with the hot and neutral conductors",
"C": "In parallel with the hot conductor only",
"D": "In parallel with the hot and neutral conductors"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Waterproof them with silicone caulk or electrical tape",
"B": "Keep them as far apart as possible",
"C": "Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap",
"D": "Tune them for resonance on the lowest frequency of operation"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "What hazard exists when rapidly charging or discharging an unprotected battery?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Overheating or out-gassing",
"B": "Excess output ripple",
"C": "Electric shock",
"D": "Overvoltage"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A11",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What hazard exists in a power supply immediately after turning it off?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Circulating currents in the dc filter",
"B": "Leakage flux in the power transformer",
"C": "Voltage transients from kickback diodes",
"D": "Charge stored in filter capacitors"
}
},
{
"id": "T0A12",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedance",
"B": "Ensure that the voltmeter and its leads are rated for use at the voltages being measured",
"C": "Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeter",
"D": "Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B01",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Put a drip loop in the ground connection to prevent water damage to the ground system",
"B": "Make sure all ground wire bends are right angles",
"C": "Ensure that connections are short and direct",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B02",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is required when climbing an antenna tower?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Have sufficient training on safe tower climbing techniques",
"B": "Use appropriate tie-off to the tower at all times",
"C": "Always wear an approved climbing harness",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B03",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Under what circumstances is it safe to climb a tower without a helper or observer?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "When no electrical work is being performed",
"B": "When no mechanical work is being performed",
"C": "When the work being done is not more than 20 feet above the ground",
"D": "Never"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B04",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is an important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Wear a ground strap connected to your wrist at all times",
"B": "Insulate the base of the tower to avoid lightning strikes",
"C": "Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B05",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Secure the guy line if the turnbuckle breaks",
"B": "Prevent loosening of the turnbuckle from vibration",
"C": "Provide a ground path for lightning strikes",
"D": "Provide an ability to measure for proper tensioning"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What is the minimum safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Add the height of the antenna to the height of the power line and multiply by a factor of 1.5",
"B": "The height of the power line above ground",
"C": "1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency",
"D": "Enough so that if the antenna falls, no part of it can come within 10 feet of the power wires"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B07",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "This type of tower must never be painted",
"B": "This type of tower must never be grounded",
"C": "This type of tower must not be climbed unless it is retracted, or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B08",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which is a proper grounding method for a tower?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "A single four-foot ground rod, driven into the ground no more than 12 inches from the base",
"B": "A ferrite-core RF choke connected between the tower and ground",
"C": "A connection between the tower base and a cold-water pipe",
"D": "Separate eight-foot ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each other"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B09",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The antenna will not work properly because of induced voltages",
"B": "The antenna may unbalance the power transformer, causing power fluctuations",
"C": "The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B10",
"answer": "C",
"text": "Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Use only non-insulated wire",
"B": "Wires must be carefully routed with precise right-angle bends",
"C": "Sharp bends must be avoided",
"D": "Common grounds must be avoided"
}
},
{
"id": "T0B11",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following establishes grounding requirements for an amateur radio tower or antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "FCC Part 97 rules",
"B": "Local electrical codes",
"C": "FAA tower lighting regulations",
"D": "UL recommended practices"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C01",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What type of radiation are radio signals?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Gamma radiation",
"B": "Ionizing radiation",
"C": "Alpha radiation",
"D": "Non-ionizing radiation"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C02",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Which of the following bands has the lowest maximum permissible exposure for RF safety?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "3.5 MHz",
"B": "50 MHz",
"C": "440 MHz",
"D": "1296 MHz"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C03",
"answer": "C",
"text": "How does the allowable power density for RF safety change if duty cycle changes from 100 percent to 50 percent?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It increases by a factor of 3",
"B": "It decreases by 50 percent",
"C": "It increases by a factor of 2",
"D": "There is no adjustment allowed for lower duty cycle"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C04",
"answer": "D",
"text": "What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Frequency and power level of the RF field",
"B": "Distance from the antenna to a person",
"C": "Radiation pattern of the antenna",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C05",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Why do exposure limits vary with frequency?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields",
"B": "Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body",
"C": "Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature",
"D": "The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C06",
"answer": "D",
"text": "Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine whether your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65",
"B": "By calculation based on computer modeling",
"C": "By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C07",
"answer": "B",
"text": "What hazard is created by touching an antenna during a transmission?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Electrocution",
"B": "RF burn to skin",
"C": "Exposure to ionizing radiation",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C08",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Which of the following actions can reduce exposure to RF radiation?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "Relocate antennas",
"B": "Relocate the transmitter",
"C": "Increase the duty cycle",
"D": "All these choices are correct"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C09",
"answer": "B",
"text": "How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station",
"B": "By re-evaluating the station whenever an item in the transmitter or antenna system is changed",
"C": "By making sure your antennas have low SWR",
"D": "By using only Underwriter Laboratories approved transmitting equipment"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C10",
"answer": "A",
"text": "Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "It affects the average exposure to radiation",
"B": "It affects the peak exposure to radiation",
"C": "It takes into account the antenna feed line loss",
"D": "It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C11",
"answer": "C",
"text": "What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The difference between the lowest and highest power output of a transmitter",
"B": "The difference between the PEP and the average power output of a transmitter",
"C": "The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting",
"D": "The percentage of time that a transmitter is not transmitting"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C12",
"answer": "A",
"text": "How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "RF radiation does not have sufficient energy to cause chemical changes in cells and damage DNA",
"B": "RF radiation can only be detected with an RF dosimeter",
"C": "RF radiation is limited in range to a few feet",
"D": "RF radiation is perfectly safe"
}
},
{
"id": "T0C13",
"answer": "B",
"text": "Who is responsible for ensuring that no person is exposed to RF energy above the FCC exposure limits?",
"picture": "",
"options": {
"A": "The FCC",
"B": "The station licensee",
"C": "Anyone who is near an antenna",
"D": "The local zoning board"
}
}
];
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