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Percona Toolkit - 20181211
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| PERCONA-TOOLKIT(1p) User Contributed Perl Documentation PERCONA-TOOLKIT(1p) | |
| NAME | |
| percona-toolkit - Advanced command-line tools for MySQL | |
| DESCRIPTION | |
| Percona Toolkit is a collection of advanced command-line tools used by Percona (<http://www.percona.com/>) | |
| support staff to perform a variety of MySQL and system tasks that are too difficult or complex to perform | |
| manually. | |
| These tools are ideal alternatives to private or "one-off" scripts because they are professionally developed, | |
| formally tested, and fully documented. They are also fully self-contained, so installation is quick and easy | |
| and no libraries are installed. | |
| Percona Toolkit is derived from Maatkit and Aspersa, two of the best-known toolkits for MySQL server | |
| administration. It is developed and supported by Percona. For more information and other free, open-source | |
| software developed by Percona, visit <http://www.percona.com/software/>. | |
| TOOLS | |
| This release of Percona Toolkit includes the following tools: | |
| pt-align | |
| Align output from other tools to columns. | |
| pt-archiver | |
| Archive rows from a MySQL table into another table or a file. | |
| pt-config-diff | |
| Diff MySQL configuration files and server variables. | |
| pt-deadlock-logger | |
| Log MySQL deadlocks. | |
| pt-diskstats | |
| An interactive I/O monitoring tool for GNU/Linux. | |
| pt-duplicate-key-checker | |
| Find duplicate indexes and foreign keys on MySQL tables. | |
| pt-fifo-split | |
| Split files and pipe lines to a fifo without really splitting. | |
| pt-find | |
| Find MySQL tables and execute actions, like GNU find. | |
| pt-fingerprint | |
| Convert queries into fingerprints. | |
| pt-fk-error-logger | |
| Log MySQL foreign key errors. | |
| pt-heartbeat | |
| Monitor MySQL replication delay. | |
| pt-index-usage | |
| Read queries from a log and analyze how they use indexes. | |
| pt-ioprofile | |
| Watch process IO and print a table of file and I/O activity. | |
| pt-kill | |
| Kill MySQL queries that match certain criteria. | |
| pt-mext | |
| Look at many samples of MySQL "SHOW GLOBAL STATUS" side-by-side. | |
| pt-mysql-summary | |
| Summarize MySQL information nicely. | |
| pt-online-schema-change | |
| ALTER tables without locking them. | |
| pt-pmp | |
| Aggregate GDB stack traces for a selected program. | |
| pt-query-digest | |
| Analyze MySQL queries from logs, processlist, and tcpdump. | |
| pt-show-grants | |
| Canonicalize and print MySQL grants so you can effectively replicate, compare and version-control them. | |
| pt-sift | |
| Browses files created by pt-stalk. | |
| pt-slave-delay | |
| Make a MySQL slave server lag behind its master. | |
| pt-slave-find | |
| Find and print replication hierarchy tree of MySQL slaves. | |
| pt-slave-restart | |
| Watch and restart MySQL replication after errors. | |
| pt-stalk | |
| Collect forensic data about MySQL when problems occur. | |
| pt-summary | |
| Summarize system information nicely. | |
| pt-table-checksum | |
| Verify MySQL replication integrity. | |
| pt-table-sync | |
| Synchronize MySQL table data efficiently. | |
| pt-table-usage | |
| Analyze how queries use tables. | |
| pt-upgrade | |
| Verify that query results are identical on different servers. | |
| pt-variable-advisor | |
| Analyze MySQL variables and advise on possible problems. | |
| pt-visual-explain | |
| Format EXPLAIN output as a tree. | |
| For more free, open-source software developed Percona, visit <http://www.percona.com/software/>. | |
| SPECIAL OPTION TYPES | |
| Tool options use standard types ("int", "string", etc.) as well as these special types: | |
| time | |
| Time values are seconds by default. For example, "--run-time 60" means 60 seconds. Time values support | |
| an optional suffix: s (seconds), m (minutes), h (hours), d (days). "--run-time 1m" means 1 minute (the | |
| same as 60 seconds). | |
| size | |
| Size values are bytes by default. For example, "--disk-space-free 1024" means 1 Kibibyte. Size values | |
| support an optional suffix: k (Kibibyte), M (Mebibyte), G (Gibibyte). | |
| DSN See "DSN (DATA SOURCE NAME) SPECIFICATIONS". | |
| Hash, hash, Array, array | |
| Hash, hash, Array, and array values are comma-separated lists of values. For example, "--ignore-tables | |
| foo,bar" ignores tables "foo" and "bar". | |
| CONFIGURATION FILES | |
| Percona Toolkit tools can read options from configuration files. The configuration file syntax is simple and | |
| direct, and bears some resemblances to the MySQL command-line client tools. The configuration files all | |
| follow the same conventions. | |
| Internally, what actually happens is that the lines are read from the file and then added as command-line | |
| options and arguments to the tool, so just think of the configuration files as a way to write your command | |
| lines. | |
| SYNTAX | |
| The syntax of the configuration files is as follows: | |
| · Whitespace followed by a hash sign (#) signifies that the rest of the line is a comment. This is | |
| deleted. For example: | |
| · Whitespace is stripped from the beginning and end of all lines. | |
| · Empty lines are ignored. | |
| · Each line is permitted to be in either of the following formats: | |
| option | |
| option=value | |
| Do not prefix the option with "--". Do not quote the values, even if it has spaces; value are literal. | |
| Whitespace around the equals sign is deleted during processing. | |
| · Only long options are recognized. | |
| · A line containing only two hyphens signals the end of option parsing. Any further lines are interpreted | |
| as additional arguments (not options) to the program. | |
| EXAMPLE | |
| This config file for pt-stalk, | |
| # Config for pt-stalk | |
| variable=Threads_connected | |
| cycles=2 # trigger if problem seen twice in a row | |
| -- | |
| --user daniel | |
| is equivalent to this command line: | |
| pt-stalk --variable Threads_connected --cycles 2 -- --user daniel | |
| Options after "--" are passed literally to mysql and mysqladmin. | |
| READ ORDER | |
| The tools read several configuration files in order: | |
| 1. The global Percona Toolkit configuration file, /etc/percona-toolkit/percona-toolkit.conf. All tools read | |
| this file, so you should only add options to it that you want to apply to all tools. | |
| 2. The global tool-specific configuration file, /etc/percona-toolkit/TOOL.conf, where "TOOL" is a tool name | |
| like "pt-query-digest". This file is named after the specific tool you're using, so you can add options | |
| that apply only to that tool. | |
| 3. The user's own Percona Toolkit configuration file, $HOME/.percona-toolkit.conf. All tools read this | |
| file, so you should only add options to it that you want to apply to all tools. | |
| 4. The user's tool-specific configuration file, $HOME/.TOOL.conf, where "TOOL" is a tool name like | |
| "pt-query-digest". This file is named after the specific tool you're using, so you can add options that | |
| apply only to that tool. | |
| SPECIFYING | |
| There is a special "--config" option, which lets you specify which configuration files Percona Toolkit should | |
| read. You specify a comma-separated list of files. However, its behavior is not like other command-line | |
| options. It must be given first on the command line, before any other options. If you try to specify it | |
| anywhere else, it will cause an error. Also, you cannot specify "--config=/path/to/file"; you must specify | |
| the option and the path to the file separated by whitespace without an equal sign between them, like: | |
| --config /path/to/file | |
| If you don't want any configuration files at all, specify "--config ''" to provide an empty list of files. | |
| DSN (DATA SOURCE NAME) SPECIFICATIONS | |
| Percona Toolkit tools use DSNs to specify how to create a DBD connection to a MySQL server. A DSN is a | |
| comma-separated string of "key=value" parts, like: | |
| h=host1,P=3306,u=bob | |
| The standard key parts are shown below, but some tools add additional key parts. See each tool's | |
| documentation for details. | |
| Some tools do not use DSNs but still connect to MySQL using options like "--host", "--user", and | |
| "--password". Such tools uses these options to create a DSN automatically, behind the scenes. | |
| Other tools uses both DSNs and options like the ones above. The options provide defaults for all DSNs that | |
| do not specify the option's corresponding key part. For example, if DSN "h=host1" and option "--port=12345" | |
| are specified, then the tool automatically adds "P=12345" to DSN. | |
| ESCAPING VALUES | |
| DSNs are usually specified on the command line, so shell quoting and escaping must be taken into account. | |
| Special characters, like asterisk ("*"), need to be quoted and/or escaped properly to be passed as literal | |
| characters in DSN values. | |
| Since DSN parts are separated by commas, literal commas in DSN values must be escaped with a single backslash | |
| ("\"). And since a backslash is the escape character for most shells, two backslashes are required to pass a | |
| literal backslash. For example, if the username is literally "my,name", it must be specified as "my\\,name" | |
| on most shells. This applies to DSNs and DSN-related options like "--user". | |
| KEY PARTS | |
| Many of the tools add more parts to DSNs for special purposes, and sometimes override parts to make them do | |
| something slightly different. However, all the tools support at least the following: | |
| A Default character set for the connection ("SET NAMES"). | |
| Enables character set settings in Perl and MySQL. If the value is "utf8", sets Perl's binmode on STDOUT | |
| to utf8, passes the "mysql_enable_utf8" option to DBD::mysql, and runs "SET NAMES 'utf8'" after | |
| connecting to MySQL. Other values set binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer and run "SET NAMES" after | |
| connecting to MySQL. | |
| Unfortunately, there is no way from within Perl itself to specify the client library's character set. | |
| "SET NAMES" only affects the server; if the client library's settings don't match, there could be | |
| problems. You can use the defaults file to specify the client library's character set, however. See the | |
| description of the F part below. | |
| D Default database to use when connecting. Tools may "USE" a different databases while running. | |
| F Defaults file for the MySQL client library (the C client library used by DBD::mysql, not Percona Toolkit | |
| itself). All tools all read the "[client]" section within the defaults file. If you omit this, the | |
| standard defaults files will be read in the usual order. "Standard" varies from system to system, | |
| because the filenames to read are compiled into the client library. On Debian systems, for example, it's | |
| usually "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" then "~/.my.cnf". If you place the following in "~/.my.cnf", you won't have | |
| to specify your MySQL username and password on the command line: | |
| [client] | |
| user=your_user_name | |
| pass=secret | |
| Omitting the F part is usually the right thing to do. As long as you have configured your "~/.my.cnf" | |
| correctly, that will result in tools connecting automatically without needing a username or password. | |
| You can also specify a default character set in the defaults file. Unlike the "A" part described above, | |
| this will actually instruct the client library (DBD::mysql) to change the character set it uses | |
| internally, which cannot be accomplished any other way. | |
| h MySQL hostname or IP address to connect to. | |
| L Explicitly enable LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE. | |
| For some reason, some vendors compile libmysql without the --enable-local-infile option, which disables | |
| the statement. This can lead to weird situations, like the server allowing LOCAL INFILE, but the client | |
| throwing exceptions if it's used. | |
| However, as long as the server allows LOAD DATA, clients can easily re-enable it; see | |
| <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/load-data-local.html> and | |
| <http://search.cpan.org/~capttofu/DBD-mysql/lib/DBD/mysql.pm>. This option does exactly that. | |
| p MySQL password to use when connecting. | |
| P Port number to use for the connection. Note that the usual special-case behaviors apply: if you specify | |
| "localhost" as your hostname on Unix systems, the connection actually uses a socket file, not a TCP/IP | |
| connection, and thus ignores the port. | |
| S MySQL socket file to use for the connection (on Unix systems). | |
| u MySQL username to use when connecting, if not current system user. | |
| BAREWORD | |
| Many of the tools will let you specify a DSN as a single word, without any "key=value" syntax. This is | |
| called a 'bareword'. How this is handled is tool-specific, but it is usually interpreted as the "h" part. | |
| The tool's "--help" output will tell you the behavior for that tool. | |
| PROPAGATION | |
| Many tools will let you propagate values from one DSN to the next, so you don't have to specify all the parts | |
| for each DSN. For example, if you want to specify a username and password for each DSN, you can connect to | |
| three hosts as follows: | |
| h=host1,u=fred,p=wilma host2 host3 | |
| This is tool-specific. | |
| ENVIRONMENT | |
| The environment variable "PTDEBUG" enables verbose debugging output to STDERR. To enable debugging and | |
| capture all output to a file, run the tool like: | |
| PTDEBUG=1 pt-table-checksum ... > FILE 2>&1 | |
| Be careful: debugging output is voluminous and can generate several megabytes of output. | |
| SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | |
| Most tools require: | |
| · Perl v5.8 or newer | |
| · Bash v3 or newer | |
| · Core Perl modules like Time::HiRes | |
| Tools that connect to MySQL require: | |
| · Perl modules DBI and DBD::mysql | |
| · MySQL 5.0 or newer | |
| Percona Toolkit officially supports and is tested on many popular Linux distributions and MySQL 5.0 through | |
| 5.6; see http://goo.gl/srHm7 for the list of supported platforms and versions. | |
| BUGS | |
| Please report bugs at <https://jira.percona.com>. Include the following information in your bug report: | |
| · Complete command-line used to run the tool | |
| · Tool "--version" | |
| · MySQL version of all servers involved | |
| · Output from the tool including STDERR | |
| · Input files (log/dump/config files, etc.) | |
| If possible, include debugging output by running the tool with "PTDEBUG"; see "ENVIRONMENT". | |
| AUTHORS | |
| Baron Schwartz | |
| Baron created Maatkit, from which Percona Toolkit was forked. Many of the tools and modules were | |
| originally written by Baron. | |
| Daniel Nichter | |
| Daniel has been the project's lead developer since 2008 until 2016. | |
| Frank Cizmich | |
| Frank was a full-time Percona Toolkit developer employed by Percona until 2016. | |
| Carlos Salguero | |
| Carlos has been the project's lead developer since 2016. He is hired by Percona. | |
| Others | |
| Many people have contributed code over the years. See each tool's "AUTHORS" section for details. | |
| COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND WARRANTY | |
| Percona Toolkit is copyright 2011-2018 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates, et al. See each program's | |
| documentation for complete copyright notices. | |
| THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT | |
| LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | |
| This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General | |
| Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License. On | |
| UNIX and similar systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these licenses. | |
| You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to | |
| the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA. | |
| VERSION | |
| Percona Toolkit v3.0.12 released 2018-09-11 | |
| perl v5.26.1 2018-09-13 PERCONA-TOOLKIT(1p) |
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