Docker Desktop for Mac on Apple Silicon will only automatically use Rosetta 2 to run images built for linux/amd64 platform if it is the only platform in the manifest list.
Build Attestations are included in the manifest list as unknown/unknown platform(s), which causes Docker Desktop for Mac to think that the image is built with a multi-platform build. Use docker buildx imagetools inspect to verify this.
To run such images, the workaround is to add the --platform=linux/amd64 to force Docker Desktop for Mac to use Rosetta 2.