Curve25519: A well-known Montgomery curve designed for ECC at a 128-bit security level.
X25519: The name of the scalar-point multiplication function for points on Curve25519 when performing ECDH. It is also commonly used as a shorthand for ECDH-using-Curve25519.
EdDSA: A digital signature algorithm based on twisted Edwards curves.
Edwards25519: A well-known twisted Edwards curve that is birationally equivalent to Curve25519.
Ed25519: The EdDSA signature scheme using SHA-512 and Edwards25519.
Curve448/X448/Edwards448/Ed448: Functional equivalent of above "25519" definitions except using a curve with 224-bit security level.