cliref.md

_________ _____ _______________       _____
\_   ___ \\    \\___________   \____ / ____\     ~/.bash/cliref.md
/    \  \/|    | |   ||       _/ __ \  __\    copy/paste from whatisdb
\     \___|__  |_|_  ||    |   \  __/|_ |   http://pastebin.com/yGmGiDQX
 \________  /_____ \_||____|_  /____  /_|     [email protected]
 20140825 \/      \/         \/     \/

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Content

TOC	TOC
Manpages and Documentation	Directories
Sections	Files
Interesting Manpages	Pipes
Local Directories	Attributes / Properties
On the Web	Binary Information
Getting Help	File Managers
Shells	Viewers
System	Search and Find
Kernel	Text Utilities
Hardware	Text Conversion
Processes	File Compare
Performances	Compression
Development	Backup
Debugging	Spelling
Administration	Print
Setup	Environment
Schedule	Numbers / Math
Network	Date / Time
Network Filesystems	Pdf
Network Apps	Terminal
User Management	Other
User Information	X Windows
Filesystem Tools	Funny

Manpages and Documentation

Sections

Section	General use on various unix platforms

0     | c library header files
1     | general commands
1c    | communications
1g    | graphics
1m    | maintenance, system administration commands and daemons
2     | system calls
3     | library functions, in particular the c standard library
3c    | c programming language
3f    | fortran programming language
3m    | miscellaneous programming routines
4     | special files, devices, drivers, formats and conventions
5     | file formats and conventions miscellanea
6     | games and screensavers
7     | miscellanea, special files, devices and drivers
8     | system administration commands and daemons
9     | kernel routines
l     | local, some programs install pages here instead of (1)
n     | tcl/tk keywords
x     | the x window system
?fun  | funny command lines

Interesting Manpages

Manpage	Description
intro.1	user commands
intro.2	system calls
intro.3	library functions
intro.4	special files
intro.5	file formats
intro.6	games
intro.7	overview, conventions, and miscellany section
intro.8	administration and privileged commands
undocumented.7	no manpage for this program, utility or function
missing	missing manual pages
LDP	linux documentation project with help and guides
man-pages	conventions for writing linux man pages
environ	user environment
hier	description of the filesystem hierarchy
file-hierarchy	file system hierarchy overview
signal	overview of signals
standards	standards - c and unix standards
units.7	units, kilo/kibi/mega, decimal and binary prefixes
libc	overview of standard c libraries on linux
posixoptions	optional parts of the posix standard
errno	look up errno names and descriptions
errno.3	number of last error
undocumented.3	undocumented library functions
acl	access control lists
ascii	report character aliases
ascii.7	ascii characters in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
unicode	universal character set
locale	description of multilanguage support
readline	get a line from a user with editing (inputrc)
bash	gnu bourne-again shell
zsh	the z shell
perlintro	brief introduction and overview of perl
perlcheat	perl 5 cheat sheet
gittutorial	a tutorial introduction to git

Local Directories

manpages       /usr/man/                      /usr/share/man/
infopages      /usr/info/                     /usr/share/info/
packages       /usr/doc/                      /usr/share/doc/
linux doc prj  /usr/doc/ldp                   /usr/share/doc/ldp/
howtos         /usr/doc/howto                 /usr/share/doc/howto
mini howtos    /usr/doc/howto/mini            /usr/share/doc/howto/mini
kernel         /usr/src/linux/documentation/
x window       /usr/x11r6/lib/x11/doc/
apache         /home/httpd/html/manual/       /var/www/html/manual/
latex doc      /usr/share/texmf/doc/latex/latex2e-html/
tex            /usr/share/texmf/doc/

On the Web

• [The Linux man-pages project] (https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/)
• [Linux Manpages Online] (http://man.cx/)
• [Ubuntu Manpage Repository] (http://manpages.ubuntu.com/)
• [ArchWiki] (https://wiki.archlinux.org/)
• [Debian Wiki] (https://wiki.debian.org/)
• [The Linux Documentation Project] (http://tldp.org/)
• [GreyCat's wiki] (http://mywiki.wooledge.org/)
• [Bash Hackers Wiki] (http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/)
• [Inconsolation] (http://inconsolation.wordpress.com/)
• [Command Line Kung Fu] (http://blog.commandlinekungfu.com/)
• [CommandLineFu] (http://www.commandlinefu.com/)
• [Unix Mages] (http://unixmages.com/)
• [SuperUser] (https://superuser.com/)
• [Ask Ubuntu] (https://askubuntu.com/)
• [Unix on StackExchange] (https://unix.stackexchange.com/)
• [Shell subreddits] (http://www.reddit.com/r/bash+bashtricks+commandline+scriptswap+shell+zsh)

Getting Help

Command	Description
man	an interface to the on-line reference manuals
apropos	search the manual page names and descriptions
whatis	display manual page descriptions
whichman	search for a man page using a fault tolerant matching
info	read info documents
help	shell built-in help
type	shell built-in, display information about command type
konqueror	browse man:, info:, perldoc: thanks to k

Shells

Command	Description
sh	shell, the standard command language interpreter
bash	gnu bourne-again shell
fish	the friendly interactive shell
zsh	the z shell
fizsh	friendly interactive zshell
ksh	kornshell, a command and programming language
pdksh	legacy kornshell built on mksh
mksh	mirbsd kornshell
csh	a shell with c-like syntax
tcsh	c shell with file name completion and cli editing
git-sh	a git shell (bash)

System

Command	Description
nmon	systems administrator, tuner, benchmark tool
collectl	collects data that describes the current system status
uptime	view the system load and how long it has been running
times	show process times for the shell and its child
lsb_release	print distribution-specific information
uname	print system/kernel information
arch	print machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
nproc	print the number of processing units available
procinfo	display system statistics gathered from /proc
mpstat	report processors related statistics
perf-top	system profiling tool
lmbench	system benchmarks
sysbench	a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
sar	collect, report, or save system activity information
hostid	print the numeric identifier for the current host
free	display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
swapon	enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping
vmstat	report virtual memory statistics
dstat	versatile tool for generating system resource stats
iostat	report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
iotop	simple top-like i/o monitor
fio	flexible i/o tester
blktrace	generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
blockdev	call block device ioctls from the command line
slabtop	display kernel slab cache information in real time
tload	graphic representation of system load average
initctl	upstart service configuration
start	init daemon control tool
stop	init daemon control tool
status	init daemon control tool
chkconfig	enable or disable system services
service	run a system v init script
sysv-rc-conf	run-level configuration for sysv like init script links
runlevel	output previous and current runlevel
telinit	change system runlevel
systemctl	control the systemd system and service manager
journalctl	query the systemd journal
loginctl	control the systemd login manager
halt	reboot or stop the system
reboot	reboot or stop the system
shutdown	shutdown or restart the system
poweroff	reboot or stop the system
logger	a shell interface to the syslog system log module

Kernel

Command	Description
lsmod	program to show the status of modules in linux kernel
insmod	simple program to insert a module into the linux kernel
rmmod	simple program to remove a module from the linux kernel
modinfo	program to show information about a linux kernel module
modprobe	program to add and remove modules from the linux kernel
modconf	a module configuration utility
depmod	program to generate modules.dep and map files
sysctl	configure kernel parameters at runtime

Hardware

Command	Description
x86info	display x86 cpu diagnostics
dmesg	print kernel and driver messages
hdparm	get/set sata/ide device parameters
smartctl	control and monitor utility for smart disks
badblocks	search a device for bad blocks
setserial	get/set linux serial port information
wvdial	ppp dialer with built-in intelligence
lshw	list hardware
lshal	lists all devices the hardware abstraction layer knows
lsdev	display information about installed hardware
lsblk	list block devices
lsusb	list usb devices
lspci	list all pci devices
setpci	configure pci devices
pnpdump	dump isa plug-and-play devices resource information
isadump	examine isa registers
scsiinfo	query information from a scsi device
sginfo	access mode page information for a scsi/atapi device
sg_map	displays mapping between linux sg and scsi devices
udevadm	udev management tool
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
mii-tool	view, manipulate media-independent interface status
dmidecode	dmi table decoder
hwinfo	probe for hardware
alsamixer	soundcard mixer for alsa driver
alsactl	advanced controls for alsa soundcard driver
showkey	examine the codes sent by the keyboard
loadkeys	load keyboard translation tables
dumpkeys	dump keyboard translation tables
setleds	set the keyboard leds

Processes

Command	Description
ps	report a snapshot of the current processes
w	show who is logged on and what they are doing
top	monitor processes
htop	interactive process viewer
atop	at computing system & process monitor
gitps	a visual process viewer/killer (gnu interactive tools)
pidstat	report statistics for linux tasks
powertop	program to analyze power consumption on intel laptops
prtstat	print statistics of a process
pstree	display a tree of processes
kill	send a signal to a process
killall	kill all processes named proc
pidof	find the process id of a running program
pkill	signal processes based on name and other attributes
pgrep	lookup processes based on name and other attributes
skill	send a signal or report process status
snice	send a signal or report process status
nice	set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
renice	alter priority of running processes
ionice	set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
taskset	retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
nohup	runs a command immune to hangups, outputs to a non-tty
disown	shell built-in, removes each jobs from shell
jobs	lists the active jobs
bg	lists stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job
fg	brings the most recent job to foreground
time	time a simple command
timeout	run a command with a time limit
uux	remote command execution
uustat	uucp status inquiry and job control
ipcs	report interprocess communication facilities status
ipcrm	remove message, semaphore, or shared memory identifier

Performances

See Brendan D. Gregg [Linux Perf page] (http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html)

Command	Description
collectl	collects data that describes the current system status
uptime	view the system load and how long it has been running
mpstat	report processors related statistics
lmbench	system benchmarks
sysbench	a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
sar	collect, report, or save system activity information
free	display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
swapon	enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping
vmstat	report virtual memory statistics
dstat	versatile tool for generating system resource stats
iostat	report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
iotop	simple top-like i/o monitor
fio	flexible i/o tester
blktrace	generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
slabtop	display kernel slab cache information in real time
sysctl	configure kernel parameters at runtime
hdparm	get/set sata/ide device parameters
ps	report a snapshot of the current processes
top	monitor processes
htop	interactive process viewer
pidstat	report statistics for linux tasks
nice	set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
renice	alter priority of running processes
ionice	set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
taskset	retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
sysdig	a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
ltrace	a library call tracer
strace	trace system calls and signals
stap	systemtap script translator driver
ktap	lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
llttng	tracer control command line tool
perf	performance analysis tools for linux
tiptop	display hardware performance counters for Linux tasks
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
iperf	perform network throughput tests
pchar	perform network measurements along an internet path
ping	check if host is reachable
hping3	send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
traceroute	print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
mtr	traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
nicstat	print network traffic statistics
netstat	print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
ss	another utility to investigate sockets
iptraf	interactive colorful ip lan monitor
tcpdump	dump traffic on a network
snmpget	communicates with a network using snmp get requests
lldptool	manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad
tune2fs	adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
dd	convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records

Development

Command	Description
perl	the perl language interpreter
perldoc	look up perl documentation in pod format
perltidy	a perl script indenter and reformatter
perlcritic	command-line interface to critique perl source
perlbug	how to submit bug reports on perl
cpan	easily interact with cpan from the command line
txt2regex	a regular expression wizard
ruby	interpreted object-oriented scripting language
irb	interactive ruby
gem	the front end to rubygems
python	an interpreted, object-oriented programming language
pydoc	the python documentation tool
pycompile	byte compile python source files
pychecker	program to check python scripts for common mistakes
ghc	the glasgow haskell compiler
ghci	the glasgow haskell compiler
lua	lua interpreter
luac	lua compiler
luadoc	generate documentation from files
luarocks	module deployment system for lua
node	server-side javascript
js_beautify	command tool to beautify your javascript files
java	the java application launcher
javac	java programming language compiler
javadoc	the java api documentation generator
php	php command line interface cli
clisp	ansi common lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger
fort77	fortran compiler
nasm	the netwide assembler, a portable 80x86 assembler
yasm	the yasm modular assembler
as	the portable gnu assembler
gcc	gnu project c and c++ compiler
gprof	display call graph profile data
ld	the gnu linker
c99	compile standard ansi c programs
cpp	the c preprocessor
make	gnu make utility to maintain groups of programs
dmake	maintain program groups, or interdependent files
cmake	cross-platform makefile generator
cxref	generate a c-language program cross-reference table
ctags	generate tag file for emacs, vi
cflow	generate a c-language flowgraph
astyle	indentation and reformatting filters c, c++, c#, java
indent	reformat a c program, inserting or deleting whitespace
bcpp	make c++ beautifier
uncrustify	c, c++, c#, d, java and pawn source code beautifier
xmlindent	xml stream reformatter
xmlstarlet	command line xml/xslt toolkit
tidy	validate, correct, and pretty-print html files
csstidy	css parser and optimiser
lex	generate programs for lexical tasks
strip	remove unnecessary information from executable files
yacc	yet another compiler compiler
gencat	generate a formatted message catalog
getconf	get configuration values
sqlite3	command line interface for sqlite version 3

Debugging

Command	Description
gdb	the gnu debugger
elfsh	the elsf shell
e2dbg	the embedded elf debugger
readelf	displays information about elf files
objdump	display information from object files
objcopy	copy and translate object files
nm	list symbols from object files
lsof	list open files
lslk	list local locks
fuser	identify processes using files or sockets
trace-cmd	interacts with ftrace linux kernel internal tracer
trace-cmd-list	list available plugins, events or options for ftrace
pstack	print a stack trace of running processes
dtrace	tune and troubleshoot programs and system (systemtap)
sysdig	a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
etrace	the embedded elf tracer
eresi	the eresi reverse engineering software interface
ltrace	a library call tracer
mtrace	interpret output from malloc_trace
strace	trace system calls and signals
xtrace	trace communication between x11 client and server
stap	systemtap script translator driver
ktap	lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
llttng	tracer control command line tool
perf	performance analysis tools for linux
perf-stat	run a command and gather performance counter statistics
perf-list	list all symbolic event types
tiptop	display hardware performance counters for Linux tasks
babeltrace	babeltrace trace viewer and converter for (ctf)
scanmem	locate and modify a variable in an executing process
binwalk	binary image search tool
strings	extract printable strings
ident	identify rcs keyword strings in files
pmap	report memory map of a process
ldd	print shared library dependencies
ldconfig	configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
ld.so	dynamic linker-loader
/lib/ld-linux.so.2	dynamic linker-loader
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2	dynamic linker-loader

Administration

Command	Description
chroot	run command or interactive shell with special root dir
su	change user id or become superuser
sudo	execute a command as another user
runcon	run command with specified security context (selinux)
chcon	change file security context (selinux)

Setup

Command	Description
apt-get	apt package handling utility (debian)
apt-config	apt configuration query program
apt-cache	query the apt cache
apt-file	apt package searching utility
apt-mark	mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
debfoster	weed unnecessary debian packages
deborphan	orphaned package finder
dgrep	grep through files belonging to an installed package
dglob	expand package names or files matching a pattern
dlocate	program to view debian package information
dpkg	package manager for debian
dpkg-reconfigure	reconfigure an already installed package
debconf	run a debconf-using program
debconf-get-selections	output contents of debconf database
debconf-set-selections	insert new values into the debconf database
update-alternatives	maintain symlinks for default commands
update-manager	graphical management of software updates
dselect	debian package management frontend
aptitude	high-level interface to the package manager
synaptic	graphical management of software packages (xwindows)
alien	convert or install an alien binary package (rpm, deb)
rpm	rpm package manager
yum	yellowdog updater modified (redhat)
smart	the smart package manager

Schedule

Command	Description
sleep	wait for some time
watch	execute a program periodically, showing output
wait	await process completion
inotifywait	wait for changes to files using inotify
timeout	run a command with a time limit
crontab	maintain crontab files for individual users
at	executes commands at a specified time
atq	lists the user pending jobs
atrm	remove jobs fom the later execution queue
batch	executes commands when system load levels permit

Network

Command	Description
ip	show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
tc	show/manipulate traffic control settings
ifconfig	set/display network information
ifstat	report interface statistics
ifdown	stop a network interface
ifup	bring a network interface up
iw	show/manipulate wireless devices and configuration
iwconfig	configure a wireless network interface
ethtool	query or control network driver and hardware settings
mii-tool	view, manipulate media-independent interface status
nm-tool	utility to report networkmanager state and devices
iperf	perform network throughput tests
nuttcp	network performance measurement tool
pchar	perform network measurements along an internet path
route	show/manipulate the ip routing table
host	dns lookup utility
hostname	print the system hostname
domainname	show or set the system nis/yp domain name
dnsdomainname	show the system dns domain name
nisdomainname	show or set the system's nis domain name
ypdomainname	show or set the system's yp domain name
whois	client for the whois directory service
ping	check if host is reachable
hping3	send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
traceroute	print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
tracepath	traces path to a network host, discovering mtu along
mtr	traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
ntop	display top network users
sntop	top-like console network status tool
iftop	display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
nethogs	a small net top tool, displays usage per process
nicstat	print network traffic statistics
netstat	print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
ss	another utility to investigate sockets
nslookup	query internet name servers interactively
dig	dns lookup utility
zonecheck	dns zone checking tool
nc	netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens
cryptcat	twofish encryption enabled version of nc
socat	multipurpose relay (socket cat)
arping	arp find out ethernet address by first arping then arp
arp	manipulate the system arp cache
arpspoof	intercept packets on a switched lan
arp-scan	the arp scanner
rarp	manipulate the system rarp table
ufw	program for managing a netfilter firewall
ipchains	control the packet filter/firewall (now see iptables)
iptables	administration tool for ipv4 packet filtering and nat
ip6tables	ipv6 packet filter administration
iptables-save	dump iptables rules to stdout
ip6tables-save	dump iptables rules to stdout
iptables-restore	restore ip tables
ip6tables-restore	restore ipv6 tables
ipcalc	ipv4 netmask/broadcast/etc calculator
ipv6calc	a small utility to manipulate ipv6 addresses
sipcalc	ip subnet calculator
iptraf	interactive colorful ip lan monitor
tcptrack	monitor tcp connections on the network
tcpkill	kill tcp connections on a lan
tcpnice	slow down tcp connections on a lan
tcpreen	tcp stream monitoring tool
wireshark	interactively dump and analyze network traffic
tcpspy	tcp/ip connection monitor
tcpdump	dump traffic on a network
tcptrace	a tcp connection analysis tool
tcpick	tcp stream sniffer and connection tracker
tcpflow	tcp flow recorder
pcapdump	dedicated packet capture utility
pcapip	filter a pcap for ip addresses
pcappick	pick specific frames out of a pcap file by number
pcapuc	filter a pcap for ip addresses
scapy	interactive packet manipulation tool
sniffit	packet sniffer and monitoring tool
dsniff	password sniffer (lots of protocols)
sshow	ssh traffic analysis tool
sshmitm	ssh monkey-in-the-middle
sslscan	fast ssl scanner
tetheral	dump and analyze network traffic
nmap	network exploration tool and security / port scanner
xprobe2	a remote active operating system fingerprinting tool
p0f	identify remote systems passively
ip-tunnel	tunnel configuration
stunnel	universal ssl tunnel
ptunnel	tunnel tcp connections over icmp packets
udptunnel	tunnel udp packets over a tcp connection
smbclient	ftp-like client to access smb/cifs resources on servers
ntptrace	trace a chain of ntp servers back to the primary source
snmpget	communicates with a network using snmp get requests
snmpwalk	retrieve a management values subtree using snmp getnext
snmpcmd	behaviour common to most of the net-snmp commands
lldpad	link layer discovery protocol (lldp) agent daemon
lldptool	manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad

Network Filesystems

Command	Description
exportfs	maintain table of exported nfs file systems
showmount	show file systems exported
nfsstat	list nfs statistics
nfsiostat	report input/output statistics for nfs

Network Apps

Command	Description
ssh	openssh ssh client (remote login program)
ssh-copy-id	install public key in a remote machine authorized_keys
ssh-keygen	authkey generation, management and conversion
rlogin	openssh ssh client (remote login program)
telnet	log into remote hosts
rcp	remote file copy
scp	securely copy files between hosts
sftp	secure file transfer program
ftp	copy files between hosts
ncftp	browser program for the file transfer protocol
ncftpget	internet file transfer program for scripts
ncftpput	internet file transfer program for scripts
uucp	system-to-system copy
uux	remote command execution
uustat	uucp status inquiry and job control
mutt	text-based email client
mail	minimal client to send and receive mail
mailx	send and receive internet mail
msmtp	an smtp client
alpine	internet news and email
notmuch	thread-based email index, search, and tagging
slrn	an easy to use nntp / spool based newsreader
trn	threaded read news program
tin	usenet newsreader
newsbeuter	an rss feed reader for text terminals
centerim	text mode based im client for linux
finch	instant messaging client (frontend to libpurple)
pork	console-based aol instant messenger & irc client
bitchx	an advanced internet relay chat client
irssi	a modular irc client for unix
weechat	wee enhanced environment for chat
bitlbee	irc gateway to im chat networks
lynx	a general purpose, text-only browser for the www
links	lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
elinks	lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
surfraw	a fast unix command line interface to www services
w3m	a text based web browser and pager
curl	transfer a url (swiss army tool)
wget	the non-interactive network downloader
wput	wget-like ftp-uploader
mulk	parallel network downloader with filtering and metalink
axel	light download accelerator (best imo)
aria	fast download utility (http, ftp, bittorrent, metalink)
rtorrent	a bittorrent client for ncurses
mktorrent	simple bittorrent metainfo file creator
btdownloadcurses	download files using a scatter-gather network
finger	user information lookup program
minicom	friendly serial communication program

User Management

Command	Description
adduser	add a user or group to the system
useradd	create a new user or update default user information
userdel	delete a user account and related files
usermod	modify a user account
newusers	update and create new users in batch
groupadd	create a new group
groupdel	delete a group
groupmod	modify a group definition on the system
newgrp	log in to a new group
chage	change user password expiry information
chfn	change real user name and information
chsh	change login shell
passwd	change user password

User Information

Command	Description
id	print real and effective user and group ids
groups	print group names a user is in
sa	summarizes accounting information
ac	print statistics about users connect time
who	print all usernames currently logged in
whoami	print effective userid
rwho	determine all users logged on your local network
w	show who is logged on and what they are doing
last	show listing of last logged in users
lastb	show listing of bad loggin attemps
lastlog	reports recent login of all users or of a given user
lastcomm	print information about previously executed commands
users	print the user names of users currently logged in
logname	print the login name of a user
talk	talk to another user
ytalk	multi-user chat program
write	send a message to another user
wall	write a message to users
mesg	control write access to your terminal

Filesystem Tools

Command	Description
df	report file system disk space usage
mount	mount a filesystem
umount	unmount file systems
fsck	check and repair a linux file system
badblocks	search a device for bad blocks
sync	flush disk caches
mkfs	build a linux file system
tune2fs	adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
fdisk	partition table manipulator for linux
cfdisk	curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator
parted	a partition manipulation program
fdformat	low-level format a floppy disk
mtools	utilities to access dos disks in unix
quota	display disk usage and limits
repquota	summarize quotas for a filesystem
setquota	set disk quotas
edquota	edit user quotas
quotaon	turn filesystem quotas on
quotaoff	turn filesystem quotas off
quotacheck	scan for disk usage, create, check, repair quota files
convertquota	convert quota from old file format to new one
lilo	install linux boot loader
grub	install grand unified bootloader
dd	convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue	data recovery tool

Directories

Command	Description
cd	change directory
pwd	print name of current/working directory
mkdir	make directories
rmdir	remove empty directories
tree	list contents of directories in a tree-like format
pushd	sh: add directories to stack
popd	sh: remove dir from stack, changes to the new top dir

Files

Command	Description
ls	list directory contents and files
dir	briefly list files
vdir	verbosely list directory contents
tree	list contents of directories in a tree-like format
dircolors	color setup for ls
du	estimate file space usage
cp	copy files and directories
mv	move (rename) files
mmv	move/copy/append/link files by wildcard patterns
prename	renames multiple files with perl expression
rm	remove files or directories
unlink	call the unlink function to remove the specified file
shred	overwrite a file to hide its contents, and delete it
wipe	securely erase files from magnetic media
gitwipe	an utility for wiping files (gnu interactive tools)
install	copy files and set attributes
ln	make filesystem links
link	create a hard link to a file
sln	link files (statically linked)
readlink	print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
mkfifo	create named pipe
mknod	make block or character special files
mktemp	create a temporary file or directory
basename	strip directory and suffix from filenames
dirname	convert a full pathname to just a path
pathchk	check whether file names are valid or portable
inotifywatch	gather filesystem access statistics using inotify
inotifywait	wait for changes to files using inotify

Pipes

Command	Description
tee	read from stdin, write to stdout and files
xargs	build and execute command lines from standard input
parallel	run programs in parallel
stdbuf	run command and modified buffering for its std streams

Attributes / Properties

Command	Description
umask	set default file protections
stat	display file attributes or file system status
touch	change file timestamps
chown	change file owner and group
chgrp	change group ownership
chmod	change file mode bits
chattr	change advanced file attributes on a linux file system
lsattr	list advanced file attributes on a ext file system
getfattr	get extended attributes of filesystem objects
setfattr	set extended attributes of filesystem objects
getfacl	get file access control lists
setfacl	set file access control lists
test	check file types and compare values

Binary Information

Command	Description
file	determine file type
mimetype	identify file types
mimeopen	open files by mimetype
extract	determine meta-information about a file
od	dump files in octal and other formats
xxd	make a hexdump or do the reverse (patch)
hexdump	ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
mcview	midnight commander file viewer
dhex	hex editor with a diff mode
hexdiff	hexadecimal visual diff for binary files
bbe	sed-like editor for binary files
dd	convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue	data recovery tool

File Managers

Command	Description
mc	visual shell for unix-like systems
gitfm	gnu interactive tools file manager

Viewers

Command	Description
gv	postscript and pdf viewer
xdvi	dvi previewer for the x window system
dbview	view dbase 3 files
mcview	midnight commander internal file viewer
gitview	an ascii/hex file viewer (gnu interactive tools)

Search and Find

Command	Description
find	search for files in a directory hierarchy
ftff	fault tolerant file find utility
updatedb	update a database for m/slocate
locate	locate files via index (m/slocate)
which	locate a command
whereis	locate binary, source, and manual page for a command
fdupes	finds duplicate files in a given set of directories

Text Utilities

Command	Description
cat	concatenate files and print on the standard output
tac	concatenate and print files in reverse
zcat	expand and concatenate data (gz)
bzcat	decompresses files to stdout (bz2)
xzcat	decompresses files to stdout (xz, lzma)
spc	colorizes text for terminals and html (supercat)
rev	reverse characters of lines in file or files
shuf	write a random permutation of the input lines to stdout
truncate	shrink/extend the size of a file to the specified size
head	output the first 10 lines of file
tail	output the last 10 lines of file
split	split a file into fixed-size pieces
nl	number lines of files
wc	print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
more	file perusal filter for viewing
pg	browse pagewise through text files
less	opposite of more
most	browse or page through a text file
emacs	gnu project emacs text editor
vi	text editor
vim	text editor
mcedit	internal file editor of gnu midnight commander
nano	a small and friendly text editor
jed	programmers editor
wordgrinder	console-based word processor
ex	text editor
ed	the standard text editor
red	line-oriented text editor
look	display lines beginning with a given string
grep	search files for lines of text matching a pattern
egrep	print lines matching a pattern (-E)
fgrep	search files for lines that match a fixed string (-F)
rgrep	print lines matching a pattern recursively (-R)
agrep	search a file for a string with approximate matching
zgrep	search compressed files for a regular expression
bzgrep	search bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
ack	ack-grep is designed as a replacement for grep
urlview	url extractor/launcher
awk	pattern scanning and processing language
gawk	pattern scanning and processing language
mawk	pattern scanning and processing language
sed	stream editor for filtering and transforming text
psed	a stream editor
a2p	awk to perl translator
s2p	sed to perl translator
cut	extract columns from files
join	join lines of two files on a common field
colrm	remove columns from a file
csplit	split a file into context-determined pieces
paste	append/merge columns
m4	macro processor
tr	translate, squeeze or delete characters
sort	sort lines of text files
tsort	perform topological sort
uniq	report or omit repeated lines
tee	copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously
column	columnate lists
pr	convert text files for printing
fmt	optimally reformat text
fold	wrap each input line to fit in specified width
expand	convert tabs to spaces
unexpand	convert spaces to tabs
recode	converts files between character sets
iconv	convert encoding of given files
sq	squeeze a sorted word list
unsq	unsqueeze a sorted word list

Text Conversion

Command	Description
dos2unix	dos/mac to unix text file format converter
groff	front-end for the groff document formatting system
troff	the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
nroff	emulate nroff command with groff
deroff	remove roff and preprocessor constructs
eqn	format equations for troff or mathml
neqn	format equations for ascii output
tbl	format tables for troff
col	filter reverse line feeds from input
catdvi	dvi to plain text converter
gv	postscript and pdf viewer
odt2txt	a simple converter from opendocument text to plain text
catdoc	outputs word doc file content as plain text
docx2txt	convert microsoft ooxml files to plain text
xls2csv	output ms-excel file as comma-separated values
xlhtml	convert excel xls files to html
ssconvert	spreadsheet format converter (gnumeric)
ppthtml	convert powerpoint ppt files to html
stx2any	converter from structured text to multiple formats
pandoc	general markup converter
asciidoc	converts an asciidoc text file to html or docbook
markdown	convert markdown syntax to (x)html
ttm	tex/latex to mathml converter
txt2tags	text formatting and conversion tool
txt2man	convert flat ascii text to man page format
txt2html	convert plain text file to html
txt2pdbdoc	text to doc file converter for palm pilots
img2txt	convert images to various text-based coloured files
cacaview	ascii image browser

File Compare

Command	Description
diff	compare files line by line
zdiff	compare compressed files
diff3	compare three files line by line
merge	three-way file merge
wdiff	display word differences between text files
sdiff	side-by-side merge of file differences
mcdiff	visual shell for unix-like systems
patch	apply a diff file to an original
unify	transforms context diffs into unidiffs, or vice-versa
comm	compare two sorted files line by line
cmp	compare two files byte by byte
cksum	checksum and count the bytes in a file
sum	checksum and count the blocks in a file
md5sum	compute and check md5 message digest
md5pass	create an md5 password hash
shasum	print or check sha checksums

Compression

Command	Description
atool	a script for managing file archives of various types
dtrx	cleanly extract many archive types
ar	create, modify, and extract from archives
tar	the gnu version of the tar archiving utility
cpio	copy files to and from archives
7z	a file archiver with highest compression ratio
gzip	compress files (gnu zip)
gzexe	compress executable files in place
gunzip	expand files (gnu zip)
compress	compress and expand data
bzip2	a block-sorting file compressor
bunzip2	a block-sorting file decompressor
pbzip2	parallel bzip2 file compressor
lzip	reduces the size of files
pax	portable archive interchange
rar	archive files with compression
compress	compress data
uncompress	expand files
shar	create shell archives
unshar	unpack a shar file
unace	extract, test and view ace archives
uuencode	encode a binary file
uudecode	decode a file created by uuencode
base64	encode/decode data and print to standard output
xz	compress or decompress xz and lzma files
lzma	lzma compression and decompression tool
lzma2	lzma compression and decompression tool
zoo	manipulate archives of files in compressed form
pxz	parallel lzma compressor compatible with xz
zip	compress files (windows zip)
cabextract	extract files from microsoft cabinet (cab)
gitunpack	gnu interactive tools - unified archive unpacking

Backup

Command	Description
mt	control magnetic tape drive operation
dump	ext2/3/4 filesystem backup
restore	restore files or filesystem from backups made with dump
tar	read write tape archives
rsync	a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
unison	user level file-synchronization tool
cdrecord	burn a cd
mkisofs	create an hybrid iso9660 joliet hfs filesystem
genisoimage	create iso9660/joliet/hfs filesystem
xorriso	creates and manipulates iso filesystem with rockridge
burn	record from various sources to optical media (cd, dvd)
mp3burn	burn audio cds from mp3, ogg vorbis, or flac files
rcs	change rcs file attributes
ci	check in rcs revisions
co	check out rcs revisions
git	the stupid content tracker
tig	text-mode interface for git
gpg	openpgp encryption and signing tool
crypt	encrypt or decrypt files
steghide	a steganography program

Spelling

Command	Description
spell	check spelling in batch
aspell	check spelling interactively
ispell	check spelling in batch or interactively
goldendict	a feature-rich dictionary lookup program
an	anagram generator

Print

Command	Description
lp	send files to a printer
lpr	print files
lpq	show printer queue status
lpstat	print cups status information
lprm	remove print jobs
lpmove	move a job or all jobs to a new destination
cancel	cancel cups print jobs
lpc	line printer control program
lpadmin	configure cups printers and classes
lpoptions	display or set cups printer options and defaults
cupsaccept	accept jobs sent to a destination
cupsreject	reject jobs sent to a destination
cupsdisable	stop printers and classes
cupsenable	start printers and classes

Environment

Command	Description
printenv	print all or part of environment
env	run a program in a modified environment
locale	get locale-specific information
localedef	compile locale definition files

Numbers / Math

Command	Description
qalc	powerful and easy to use command line calculator
bc	an arbitrary precision calculator language
dc	an arbitrary precision calculator
calc	arbitrary precision calculator
units	convert units from one scale to another
seq	print a sequence of numbers
jot	print sequential or random data
factor	factor numbers
primes	generate primes
sc	spreadsheet calculator

Date / Time

Command	Description
date	print or set the system date and time
cal	displays a calendar and the date of easter
gcal	a program for calculating and printing calendars
task	a command line todo manager

Pdf

Command	Description
mutool	all purpose tool for dealing with pdf files
pdffonts	pdf font analyzer
pdfimages	pdf image extractor
pdfinfo	pdf document information extractor
pdfseparate	pdf page extractor
pdftocairo	pdf to png/jpeg/pdf/ps/eps/svg using cairo
pdftohtml	program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png
pdftoppm	pdf to portable pixmap (ppm) converter
pdftops	pdf to postscript converter
pdftotext	pdf to text converter
pdfunite	pdf page merger
diffpdf	compare two pdf files textually or visually
chm2pdf	a tool convert chm to pdf format

Terminal

Command	Description
screen	screen manager with vt100/ansi terminal emulation
byobu	wrapper script for seeding a configuration to screen
tmux	terminal multiplexer
script	make typescript of terminal session
scriptreplay	play back typescripts, using timing information
clear	clear the screen
reset	terminal initialization
tty	display the name of the terminal connected to stdin
stty	change and print terminal line settings
tabs	set terminal tabs
setterm	set terminal attributes
tput	change terminal characteristics
tic	the terminfo entry-description compiler
toe	table of (terminfo) entries
infocmp	compare or print out terminfo descriptions
captoinfo	convert a termcap description into terminfo description
infotocap	convert a terminfo description into termcap description

Other

Command	Description
echo	display a line of text
printf	format and print data
figlet	display text with an ascii art charset
toilet	display large colourful characters
getopt	parse command options
expect	automate applications accessed over a terminal
expr	evaluate expressions
yes	output a string repeatedly until killed
true	do nothing, successfully
false	do nothing, unsuccessfully
convert	convert/resize/blur/crop/despeckle/dither/etc image
mogrify	inplace convert/edit/resize/blur/crop/etc an image
exif	shows exif information in jpeg files
exiftool	read and write meta information in media files
exiftran	transform/rotate digital camera jpeg images
exifcom	set/display user comment tag contained in a jpeg exif
exiftags	output the properties contained in a jpeg exif section
exiftime	display/adjust the date and time exif tags
exifprobe	probe and report exif structure and metadata content
exifgrep	select and reformat the output of exifprobe
simple-scan	scanning utility
gocr	command line text recognition tool
tesseract	command-line ocr engine
sox	the swiss army knife of audio manipulation
quelcom	command line editing tools for mp3 and wav files
fadecut	rip audiostreams, cut, fade in/out and tag audiofiles
id3	id3 tag editor
id3v2	add/change/remove/view id3v2 tags, converts/lists id3v1
id3tool	a command line editor for id3 tags
cmus	curse music player
ncmpc	curses music player daemon (mpd) client
timidity	midi-to-wave converter and player
imdb-get	looks up imdb data for a film
mplayer	video/audio player/streamer
vlc	video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
ffmpeg	ffmpeg video converter
ifetch	image collection tool for ip cameras of ifetch-tools
tudu	command line hierarchical todo list
google	command-line access to (some) google services
youtube-dl	download video from youtube or other video platforms
rig	random identity generator
an	anagram generator
adventure	an exploration game
nethack	exploring the mazes of menace
fortune	print a random, hopefully interesting, adage
display-dhammapada	display a verse from the dhammapada

X Windows

Command	Description
xvidtune	adjust x server origin and size
xmodmap	set/modify keymaps and pointer button mappings in x
setxkbmap	set the keyboard using the x keyboard extension
xhost	server access control program for x
xsetroot	root window parameter setting utility for x
xlsfonts	server font list displayer for x
xset	user preference utility for x
xev	x event viewer
editres	a dynamic resource editor for x toolkit applications
notify-send	a program to send desktop notifications
xdg-open	opens a file or url in the user preferred application
xmessage	display a message/query in a window (x-based /bin/echo)
dialog	display curses dialog boxes from shell scripts
kdialog	show kde dialog boxes from shell scripts
zenity	display gtk+ dialogs
xclip	command line interface to x selections (clipboard)
xclipboard	x clipboard client
xdotool	command-line x11 automation tool
xte	generates fake input using the xtest extension
wmctrl	interact with a ewmh/netwm compatible x window manager
import	window/screenshot
dbus-send	send a message to a desktop bus
dbus-monitor	debug probe to print desktop bus messages
qdbus	a communication-interface for qt-based applications

Funny

Command	Description
axe	tools to improve network performance via snip
baby	create new process from two parents
bosskill	send a signal to your boss, or terminate your boss
c	genericised softdrink generator (coffee, coke etc)
celibacy	don't have sex
chainsaw	tools to improve network performance via snip
chastise	library function to punish users
condom	protects against viruses and child processes
ctluser	control lusers
cutter	tools to improve network performance via snip
egrope	massage a file for a while
fgrope	massage a file for a while
flame	reply to usenet news posting automatically
flog	speed up a process
gong	evaluate process performance
grope	massage a file for a while
guru	system administration
knife	tools to improve network performance via snip
lart	luser attitude readjustment tool
luser	process to control the clueless individuals
normality	defines types of normality different users may have
nuke	launch nuclear weapons at mapped usenet sites
party	set os responses mode
people	fetch a list of all ttys behaving like a human
pmsd	periodically manic system daemon
rescrog	change something, make it different
rtfm	a response for easy questions from clueless lusers
sex	have sex
slave	a semi-interactive command for the dirty work
strfry	string operation
sysadmin	responsible for everything imaginable
think	you dont have to think, computers can think for you
tm	meditate
uubp	unix-to-unix beer protocol
whack	mangle requests to a printer or damage a printer
xkill	kill processes or users, including usenet poster
xlart	interactive x interface to rlart

---

cliref.yaml

---
categories:
  order:
    - Content
    - Manpages and Documentation
    - Getting Help
    - Shells
    - System
    - Kernel
    - Hardware
    - Processes
    - Performances
    - Development
    - Debugging
    - Administration
    - Setup
    - Schedule
    - Network
    - Network Filesystems
    - Network Apps
    - User Management
    - User Information
    - Filesystem Tools
    - Directories
    - Files
    - Pipes
    - Attributes / Properties
    - Binary Information
    - File Managers
    - Viewers
    - Search and Find
    - Text Utilities
    - Text Conversion
    - File Compare
    - Compression
    - Backup
    - Spelling
    - Print
    - Environment
    - Numbers / Math
    - Date / Time
    - Pdf
    - Terminal
    - Other
    - X Windows
    - Funny
  titles:
    Administration:
      - chroot
      - su
      - sudo
      - runcon
      - chcon
    Attributes / Properties:
      - umask
      - stat
      - touch
      - chown
      - chgrp
      - chmod
      - chattr
      - lsattr
      - getfattr
      - setfattr
      - getfacl
      - setfacl
      - test
    Backup:
      - mt
      - dump
      - restore
      - tar
      - rsync
      - unison
      - cdrecord
      - mkisofs
      - genisoimage
      - xorriso
      - burn
      - mp3burn
      - rcs
      - ci
      - co
      - git
      - tig
      - gpg
      - crypt
      - steghide
    Binary Information:
      - file
      - mimetype
      - mimeopen
      - extract
      - od
      - xxd
      - hexdump
      - mcview
      - dhex
      - hexdiff
      - bbe
      - dd
      - ddrescue
    Compression:
      - atool
      - dtrx
      - ar
      - tar
      - cpio
      - 7z
      - gzip
      - gzexe
      - gunzip
      - compress
      - bzip2
      - bunzip2
      - pbzip2
      - lzip
      - pax
      - rar
      - compress
      - uncompress
      - shar
      - unshar
      - unace
      - uuencode
      - uudecode
      - base64
      - xz
      - lzma
      - lzma2
      - zoo
      - pxz
      - zip
      - cabextract
      - gitunpack
    Date / Time:
      - date
      - cal
      - gcal
      - task
    Debugging:
      - gdb
      - elfsh
      - e2dbg
      - readelf
      - objdump
      - objcopy
      - nm
      - lsof
      - lslk
      - fuser
      - trace-cmd
      - trace-cmd-list
      - pstack
      - dtrace
      - sysdig
      - etrace
      - eresi
      - ltrace
      - mtrace
      - strace
      - xtrace
      - stap
      - ktap
      - llttng
      - perf
      - perf-stat
      - perf-list
      - tiptop
      - babeltrace
      - scanmem
      - binwalk
      - strings
      - ident
      - pmap
      - ldd
      - ldconfig
      - ld.so
      - /lib/ld-linux.so.2
      - /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    Development:
      - perl
      - perldoc
      - perltidy
      - perlcritic
      - perlbug
      - cpan
      - txt2regex
      - ruby
      - irb
      - gem
      - python
      - pydoc
      - pycompile
      - pychecker
      - ghc
      - ghci
      - lua
      - luac
      - luadoc
      - luarocks
      - node
      - js_beautify
      - java
      - javac
      - javadoc
      - php
      - clisp
      - fort77
      - nasm
      - yasm
      - as
      - gcc
      - gprof
      - ld
      - c99
      - cpp
      - make
      - dmake
      - cmake
      - cxref
      - ctags
      - cflow
      - astyle
      - indent
      - bcpp
      - uncrustify
      - xmlindent
      - xmlstarlet
      - tidy
      - csstidy
      - lex
      - strip
      - yacc
      - gencat
      - getconf
      - sqlite3
    Directories:
      - cd
      - pwd
      - mkdir
      - rmdir
      - tree
      - pushd
      - popd
    Environment:
      - printenv
      - env
      - locale
      - localedef
    File Compare:
      - diff
      - zdiff
      - diff3
      - merge
      - wdiff
      - sdiff
      - mcdiff
      - patch
      - unify
      - comm
      - cmp
      - cksum
      - sum
      - md5sum
      - md5pass
      - shasum
    File Managers:
      - mc
      - gitfm
    Files:
      - ls
      - dir
      - vdir
      - tree
      - dircolors
      - du
      - cp
      - mv
      - mmv
      - prename
      - rm
      - unlink
      - shred
      - wipe
      - gitwipe
      - install
      - ln
      - link
      - sln
      - readlink
      - mkfifo
      - mknod
      - mktemp
      - basename
      - dirname
      - pathchk
      - inotifywatch
      - inotifywait
    Filesystem Tools:
      - df
      - mount
      - umount
      - fsck
      - badblocks
      - sync
      - mkfs
      - tune2fs
      - fdisk
      - cfdisk
      - parted
      - fdformat
      - mtools
      - quota
      - repquota
      - setquota
      - edquota
      - quotaon
      - quotaoff
      - quotacheck
      - convertquota
      - lilo
      - grub
      - dd
      - ddrescue
    Funny:
      - axe
      - baby
      - bosskill
      - c
      - celibacy
      - chainsaw
      - chastise
      - condom
      - ctluser
      - cutter
      - egrope
      - fgrope
      - flame
      - flog
      - gong
      - grope
      - guru
      - knife
      - lart
      - luser
      - normality
      - nuke
      - party
      - people
      - pmsd
      - rescrog
      - rtfm
      - sex
      - slave
      - strfry
      - sysadmin
      - think
      - tm
      - uubp
      - whack
      - xkill
      - xlart
    Getting Help:
      - man
      - apropos
      - whatis
      - whichman
      - info
      - help
      - type
      - konqueror
    Hardware:
      - x86info
      - dmesg
      - hdparm
      - smartctl
      - badblocks
      - setserial
      - wvdial
      - lshw
      - lshal
      - lsdev
      - lsblk
      - lsusb
      - lspci
      - setpci
      - pnpdump
      - isadump
      - scsiinfo
      - sginfo
      - sg_map
      - udevadm
      - ethtool
      - mii-tool
      - dmidecode
      - hwinfo
      - alsamixer
      - alsactl
      - showkey
      - loadkeys
      - dumpkeys
      - setleds
    Kernel:
      - lsmod
      - insmod
      - rmmod
      - modinfo
      - modprobe
      - modconf
      - depmod
      - sysctl
    Manpages and Documentation:
      - intro.1
      - intro.2
      - intro.3
      - intro.4
      - intro.5
      - intro.6
      - intro.7
      - intro.8
      - undocumented.7
      - missing
      - LDP
      - man-pages
      - environ
      - hier
      - file-hierarchy
      - signal
      - standards
      - units.7
      - libc
      - posixoptions
      - errno
      - errno.3
      - undocumented.3
      - acl
      - ascii
      - ascii.7
      - unicode
      - locale
      - readline
      - bash
      - zsh
      - perlintro
      - perlcheat
      - gittutorial
    Network:
      - ip
      - tc
      - ifconfig
      - ifstat
      - ifdown
      - ifup
      - iw
      - iwconfig
      - ethtool
      - mii-tool
      - nm-tool
      - iperf
      - nuttcp
      - pchar
      - route
      - host
      - hostname
      - domainname
      - dnsdomainname
      - nisdomainname
      - ypdomainname
      - whois
      - ping
      - hping3
      - traceroute
      - tracepath
      - mtr
      - ntop
      - sntop
      - iftop
      - nethogs
      - nicstat
      - netstat
      - ss
      - nslookup
      - dig
      - zonecheck
      - nc
      - cryptcat
      - socat
      - arping
      - arp
      - arpspoof
      - arp-scan
      - rarp
      - ufw
      - ipchains
      - iptables
      - ip6tables
      - iptables-save
      - ip6tables-save
      - iptables-restore
      - ip6tables-restore
      - ipcalc
      - ipv6calc
      - sipcalc
      - iptraf
      - tcptrack
      - tcpkill
      - tcpnice
      - tcpreen
      - wireshark
      - tcpspy
      - tcpdump
      - tcptrace
      - tcpick
      - tcpflow
      - pcapdump
      - pcapip
      - pcappick
      - pcapuc
      - scapy
      - sniffit
      - dsniff
      - sshow
      - sshmitm
      - sslscan
      - tetheral
      - nmap
      - xprobe2
      - p0f
      - ip-tunnel
      - stunnel
      - ptunnel
      - udptunnel
      - smbclient
      - ntptrace
      - snmpget
      - snmpwalk
      - snmpcmd
      - lldpad
      - lldptool
    Network Apps:
      - ssh
      - ssh-copy-id
      - ssh-keygen
      - rlogin
      - telnet
      - rcp
      - scp
      - sftp
      - ftp
      - ncftp
      - ncftpget
      - ncftpput
      - uucp
      - uux
      - uustat
      - mutt
      - mail
      - mailx
      - msmtp
      - alpine
      - notmuch
      - slrn
      - trn
      - tin
      - newsbeuter
      - centerim
      - finch
      - pork
      - bitchx
      - irssi
      - weechat
      - bitlbee
      - lynx
      - links
      - elinks
      - surfraw
      - w3m
      - curl
      - wget
      - wput
      - mulk
      - axel
      - aria
      - rtorrent
      - mktorrent
      - btdownloadcurses
      - finger
      - minicom
    Network Filesystems:
      - exportfs
      - showmount
      - nfsstat
      - nfsiostat
    Numbers / Math:
      - qalc
      - bc
      - dc
      - calc
      - units
      - seq
      - jot
      - factor
      - primes
      - sc
    Other:
      - echo
      - printf
      - figlet
      - toilet
      - getopt
      - expect
      - expr
      - yes
      - true
      - false
      - convert
      - mogrify
      - exif
      - exiftool
      - exiftran
      - exifcom
      - exiftags
      - exiftime
      - exifprobe
      - exifgrep
      - simple-scan
      - gocr
      - tesseract
      - sox
      - quelcom
      - fadecut
      - id3
      - id3v2
      - id3tool
      - cmus
      - ncmpc
      - timidity
      - imdb-get
      - mplayer
      - vlc
      - ffmpeg
      - ifetch
      - tudu
      - google
      - youtube-dl
      - rig
      - an
      - adventure
      - nethack
      - fortune
      - display-dhammapada
    Pdf:
      - mutool
      - pdffonts
      - pdfimages
      - pdfinfo
      - pdfseparate
      - pdftocairo
      - pdftohtml
      - pdftoppm
      - pdftops
      - pdftotext
      - pdfunite
      - diffpdf
      - chm2pdf
    Performances:
      - collectl
      - uptime
      - mpstat
      - lmbench
      - sysbench
      - sar
      - free
      - swapon
      - vmstat
      - dstat
      - iostat
      - iotop
      - fio
      - blktrace
      - slabtop
      - sysctl
      - hdparm
      - ps
      - top
      - htop
      - pidstat
      - nice
      - renice
      - ionice
      - taskset
      - sysdig
      - ltrace
      - strace
      - stap
      - ktap
      - llttng
      - perf
      - tiptop
      - ethtool
      - iperf
      - pchar
      - ping
      - hping3
      - traceroute
      - mtr
      - nicstat
      - netstat
      - ss
      - iptraf
      - tcpdump
      - snmpget
      - lldptool
      - tune2fs
      - dd
    Pipes:
      - tee
      - xargs
      - parallel
      - stdbuf
    Print:
      - lp
      - lpr
      - lpq
      - lpstat
      - lprm
      - lpmove
      - cancel
      - lpc
      - lpadmin
      - lpoptions
      - cupsaccept
      - cupsreject
      - cupsdisable
      - cupsenable
    Processes:
      - ps
      - w
      - top
      - htop
      - atop
      - gitps
      - pidstat
      - powertop
      - prtstat
      - pstree
      - kill
      - killall
      - pidof
      - pkill
      - pgrep
      - skill
      - snice
      - nice
      - renice
      - ionice
      - taskset
      - nohup
      - disown
      - jobs
      - bg
      - fg
      - time
      - timeout
      - uux
      - uustat
      - ipcs
      - ipcrm
    Schedule:
      - sleep
      - watch
      - wait
      - inotifywait
      - timeout
      - crontab
      - at
      - atq
      - atrm
      - batch
    Search and Find:
      - find
      - ftff
      - updatedb
      - locate
      - which
      - whereis
      - fdupes
    Setup:
      - apt-get
      - apt-config
      - apt-cache
      - apt-file
      - apt-mark
      - debfoster
      - deborphan
      - dgrep
      - dglob
      - dlocate
      - dpkg
      - dpkg-reconfigure
      - debconf
      - debconf-get-selections
      - debconf-set-selections
      - update-alternatives
      - update-manager
      - dselect
      - aptitude
      - synaptic
      - alien
      - rpm
      - yum
      - smart
    Shells:
      - sh
      - bash
      - fish
      - zsh
      - fizsh
      - ksh
      - pdksh
      - mksh
      - csh
      - tcsh
      - git-sh
    Spelling:
      - spell
      - aspell
      - ispell
      - goldendict
      - an
    System:
      - nmon
      - collectl
      - uptime
      - times
      - lsb_release
      - uname
      - arch
      - nproc
      - procinfo
      - mpstat
      - perf-top
      - lmbench
      - sysbench
      - sar
      - hostid
      - free
      - swapon
      - vmstat
      - dstat
      - iostat
      - iotop
      - fio
      - blktrace
      - blockdev
      - slabtop
      - tload
      - initctl
      - start
      - stop
      - status
      - chkconfig
      - service
      - sysv-rc-conf
      - runlevel
      - telinit
      - systemctl
      - journalctl
      - loginctl
      - halt
      - reboot
      - shutdown
      - poweroff
      - logger
    Terminal:
      - screen
      - byobu
      - tmux
      - script
      - scriptreplay
      - clear
      - reset
      - tty
      - stty
      - tabs
      - setterm
      - tput
      - tic
      - toe
      - infocmp
      - captoinfo
      - infotocap
    Text Conversion:
      - dos2unix
      - groff
      - troff
      - nroff
      - deroff
      - eqn
      - neqn
      - tbl
      - col
      - catdvi
      - gv
      - odt2txt
      - catdoc
      - docx2txt
      - xls2csv
      - xlhtml
      - ssconvert
      - ppthtml
      - stx2any
      - pandoc
      - asciidoc
      - markdown
      - ttm
      - txt2tags
      - txt2man
      - txt2html
      - txt2pdbdoc
      - img2txt
      - cacaview
    Text Utilities:
      - cat
      - tac
      - zcat
      - bzcat
      - xzcat
      - spc
      - rev
      - shuf
      - truncate
      - head
      - tail
      - split
      - nl
      - wc
      - more
      - pg
      - less
      - most
      - emacs
      - vi
      - vim
      - mcedit
      - nano
      - jed
      - wordgrinder
      - ex
      - ed
      - red
      - look
      - grep
      - egrep
      - fgrep
      - rgrep
      - agrep
      - zgrep
      - bzgrep
      - ack
      - urlview
      - awk
      - gawk
      - mawk
      - sed
      - psed
      - a2p
      - s2p
      - cut
      - join
      - colrm
      - csplit
      - paste
      - m4
      - tr
      - sort
      - tsort
      - uniq
      - tee
      - column
      - pr
      - fmt
      - fold
      - expand
      - unexpand
      - recode
      - iconv
      - sq
      - unsq
    User Information:
      - id
      - groups
      - sa
      - ac
      - who
      - whoami
      - rwho
      - w
      - last
      - lastb
      - lastlog
      - lastcomm
      - users
      - logname
      - talk
      - ytalk
      - write
      - wall
      - mesg
    User Management:
      - adduser
      - useradd
      - userdel
      - usermod
      - newusers
      - groupadd
      - groupdel
      - groupmod
      - newgrp
      - chage
      - chfn
      - chsh
      - passwd
    Viewers:
      - gv
      - xdvi
      - dbview
      - mcview
      - gitview
    X Windows:
      - xvidtune
      - xmodmap
      - setxkbmap
      - xhost
      - xsetroot
      - xlsfonts
      - xset
      - xev
      - editres
      - notify-send
      - xdg-open
      - xmessage
      - dialog
      - kdialog
      - zenity
      - xclip
      - xclipboard
      - xdotool
      - xte
      - wmctrl
      - import
      - dbus-send
      - dbus-monitor
      - qdbus
commands:
  /lib/ld-linux.so.2:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: dynamic linker-loader
    section: 8
  /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: dynamic linker-loader
    section: 8
  7z:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: a file archiver with highest compression ratio
    section: 1
  LDP:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: linux documentation project with help and guides
    section: 7
  a2p:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: awk to perl translator
    section: 1
  ac:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print statistics about users connect time
    section: 1
  ack:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: ack-grep is designed as a replacement for grep
    section: 1p
  acl:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: access control lists
    section: 5
  adduser:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: add a user or group to the system
    section: 8
  adventure:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: an exploration game
    section: 6
  agrep:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: search a file for a string with approximate matching
    section: 1
  alien:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: 'convert or install an alien binary package (rpm, deb)'
    section: 1p
  alpine:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: internet news and email
    section: 1
  alsactl:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: advanced controls for alsa soundcard driver
    section: 1
  alsamixer:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: soundcard mixer for alsa driver
    section: 1
  an:
    categories:
      - Spelling
      - Other
    description: anagram generator
    section: 6
  apropos:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: search the manual page names and descriptions
    section: 1
  apt-cache:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: query the apt cache
    section: 8
  apt-config:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: apt configuration query program
    section: 8
  apt-file:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: apt package searching utility
    section: 1
  apt-get:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: apt package handling utility (debian)
    section: 8
  apt-mark:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
    section: 8
  aptitude:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: high-level interface to the package manager
    section: 8
  ar:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: 'create, modify, and extract from archives'
    section: 1
  arch:
    categories:
      - System
    description: print machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
    section: 1
  aria:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: 'fast download utility (http, ftp, bittorrent, metalink)'
    section: 1
  arp:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: manipulate the system arp cache
    section: 8
  arp-scan:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: the arp scanner
    section: 1
  arping:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: arp find out ethernet address by first arping then arp
    section: 8
  arpspoof:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: intercept packets on a switched lan
    section: 8
  as:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the portable gnu assembler
    section: 1
  ascii:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: report character aliases
    section: 1
  ascii.7:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: 'ascii characters in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal'
    section: 7
  asciidoc:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: converts an asciidoc text file to html or docbook
    section: 1
  aspell:
    categories:
      - Spelling
    description: check spelling interactively
    section: 1
  astyle:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'indentation and reformatting filters c, c++, c#, java'
    section: 1
  at:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: executes commands at a specified time
    section: 1
  atool:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: a script for managing file archives of various types
    section: 1
  atop:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: at computing system & process monitor
    section: 1
  atq:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: lists the user pending jobs
    section: 1
  atrm:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: remove jobs fom the later execution queue
    section: 1
  awk:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: pattern scanning and processing language
    section: 1
  axe:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: tools to improve network performance via snip
    section: 8fun
  axel:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: light download accelerator (best imo)
    section: 1
  babeltrace:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: babeltrace trace viewer and converter for (ctf)
    section: 1
  baby:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: create new process from two parents
    section: 1fun
  badblocks:
    categories:
      - Hardware
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: search a device for bad blocks
    section: 8
  base64:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: encode/decode data and print to standard output
    section: 1
  basename:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: strip directory and suffix from filenames
    section: 1
  bash:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
      - Shells
    description: gnu bourne-again shell
    section: 1
  batch:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: executes commands when system load levels permit
    section: 1
  bbe:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: sed-like editor for binary files
    section: 1
  bc:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: an arbitrary precision calculator language
    section: 1
  bcpp:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: make c++ beautifier
    section: 1
  bg:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: 'lists stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job'
    section: 1
  binwalk:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: binary image search tool
    section: 1
  bitchx:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: an advanced internet relay chat client
    section: 1
  bitlbee:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: irc gateway to im chat networks
    section: 8
  blktrace:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
    section: 8
  blockdev:
    categories:
      - System
    description: call block device ioctls from the command line
    section: 8
  bosskill:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: 'send a signal to your boss, or terminate your boss'
    section: 8fun
  btdownloadcurses:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: download files using a scatter-gather network
    section: 1
  bunzip2:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: a block-sorting file decompressor
    section: 1
  burn:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: 'record from various sources to optical media (cd, dvd)'
    section: 1
  byobu:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: wrapper script for seeding a configuration to screen
    section: 1
  bzcat:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: decompresses files to stdout (bz2)
    section: 1
  bzgrep:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: search bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
    section: 1
  bzip2:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: a block-sorting file compressor
    section: 1
  c:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: 'genericised softdrink generator (coffee, coke etc)'
    section: 1fun
  c99:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: compile standard ansi c programs
    section: 1
  cabextract:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: extract files from microsoft cabinet (cab)
    section: 1
  cacaview:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: ascii image browser
    section: 1
  cal:
    categories:
      - Date / Time
    description: displays a calendar and the date of easter
    section: 1
  calc:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: arbitrary precision calculator
    section: 1
  cancel:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: cancel cups print jobs
    section: 1
  captoinfo:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: convert a termcap description into terminfo description
    section: 1
  cat:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: concatenate files and print on the standard output
    section: 1
  catdoc:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: outputs word doc file content as plain text
    section: 1
  catdvi:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: dvi to plain text converter
    section: 1
  cd:
    categories:
      - Directories
    description: change directory
    section: 1
  cdrecord:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: burn a cd
    section: 1
  celibacy:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: don't have sex
    section: 1fun
  centerim:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: text mode based im client for linux
    section: 1
  cfdisk:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator
    section: 8
  cflow:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: generate a c-language flowgraph
    section: 1
  chage:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: change user password expiry information
    section: 1
  chainsaw:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: tools to improve network performance via snip
    section: 8fun
  chastise:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: library function to punish users
    section: 3fun
  chattr:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: change advanced file attributes on a linux file system
    section: 1
  chcon:
    categories:
      - Administration
    description: change file security context (selinux)
    section: 1
  chfn:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: change real user name and information
    section: 1
  chgrp:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: change group ownership
    section: 1
  chkconfig:
    categories:
      - System
    description: enable or disable system services
    section: 8
  chm2pdf:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: a tool convert chm to pdf format
    section: 1
  chmod:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: change file mode bits
    section: 1
  chown:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: change file owner and group
    section: 1
  chroot:
    categories:
      - Administration
    description: run command or interactive shell with special root dir
    section: 8
  chsh:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: change login shell
    section: 1
  ci:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: check in rcs revisions
    section: 1
  cksum:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: checksum and count the bytes in a file
    section: 1
  clear:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: clear the screen
    section: 1
  clisp:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'ansi common lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger'
    section: 1
  cmake:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: cross-platform makefile generator
    section: 1
  cmp:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: compare two files byte by byte
    section: 1
  cmus:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: curse music player
    section: 1
  co:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: check out rcs revisions
    section: 1
  col:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: filter reverse line feeds from input
    section: 1
  collectl:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: collects data that describes the current system status
    section: 1
  colrm:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: remove columns from a file
    section: 1
  column:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: columnate lists
    section: 1
  comm:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: compare two sorted files line by line
    section: 1
  compress:
    categories:
      - Compression
      - Compression
    description: compress data
    section: 1
  condom:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: protects against viruses and child processes
    section: 1fun
  convert:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: convert/resize/blur/crop/despeckle/dither/etc image
    section: 1
  convertquota:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: convert quota from old file format to new one
    section: 8
  cp:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: copy files and directories
    section: 1
  cpan:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: easily interact with cpan from the command line
    section: 1
  cpio:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: copy files to and from archives
    section: 1
  cpp:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the c preprocessor
    section: 1
  crontab:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: maintain crontab files for individual users
    section: 1
  crypt:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: encrypt or decrypt files
    section: 1
  cryptcat:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: twofish encryption enabled version of nc
    section: 1
  csh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: a shell with c-like syntax
    section: 1
  csplit:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: split a file into context-determined pieces
    section: 1
  csstidy:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: css parser and optimiser
    section: 1
  ctags:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'generate tag file for emacs, vi'
    section: 1
  ctluser:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: control lusers
    section: 8fun
  cupsaccept:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: accept jobs sent to a destination
    section: 8
  cupsdisable:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: stop printers and classes
    section: 8
  cupsenable:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: start printers and classes
    section: 8
  cupsreject:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: reject jobs sent to a destination
    section: 8
  curl:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: transfer a url (swiss army tool)
    section: 1
  cut:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: extract columns from files
    section: 1
  cutter:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: tools to improve network performance via snip
    section: 8fun
  cxref:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: generate a c-language program cross-reference table
    section: 1
  date:
    categories:
      - Date / Time
    description: print or set the system date and time
    section: 1
  dbus-monitor:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: debug probe to print desktop bus messages
    section: 1
  dbus-send:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: send a message to a desktop bus
    section: 1
  dbview:
    categories:
      - Viewers
    description: view dbase 3 files
    section: 1
  dc:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: an arbitrary precision calculator
    section: 1
  dd:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Filesystem Tools
      - Binary Information
    description: 'convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records'
    section: 1
  ddrescue:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
      - Binary Information
    description: data recovery tool
    section: 1
  debconf:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: run a debconf-using program
    section: 1
  debconf-get-selections:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: output contents of debconf database
    section: 1
  debconf-set-selections:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: insert new values into the debconf database
    section: 1
  debfoster:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: weed unnecessary debian packages
    section: 8
  deborphan:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: orphaned package finder
    section: 1
  depmod:
    categories:
      - Kernel
    description: program to generate modules.dep and map files
    section: 8
  deroff:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: remove roff and preprocessor constructs
    section: 1
  df:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: report file system disk space usage
    section: 1
  dglob:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: expand package names or files matching a pattern
    section: 1
  dgrep:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: grep through files belonging to an installed package
    section: 1
  dhex:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: hex editor with a diff mode
    section: 1
  dialog:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: display curses dialog boxes from shell scripts
    section: 1
  diff:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: compare files line by line
    section: 1
  diff3:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: compare three files line by line
    section: 1
  diffpdf:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: compare two pdf files textually or visually
    section: 1
  dig:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: dns lookup utility
    section: 1
  dir:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: briefly list files
    section: 1
  dircolors:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: color setup for ls
    section: 1
  dirname:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: convert a full pathname to just a path
    section: 1
  disown:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: 'shell built-in, removes each jobs from shell'
    section: 1
  display-dhammapada:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: display a verse from the dhammapada
    section: 1
  dlocate:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: program to view debian package information
    section: 1
  dmake:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'maintain program groups, or interdependent files'
    section: 1
  dmesg:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: print kernel and driver messages
    section: 1
  dmidecode:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: dmi table decoder
    section: 8
  dnsdomainname:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: show the system dns domain name
    section: 1
  docx2txt:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: convert microsoft ooxml files to plain text
    section: 1
  domainname:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: show or set the system nis/yp domain name
    section: 1
  dos2unix:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: dos/mac to unix text file format converter
    section: 1
  dpkg:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: package manager for debian
    section: 1
  dpkg-reconfigure:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: reconfigure an already installed package
    section: 8
  dselect:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: debian package management frontend
    section: 1
  dsniff:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: password sniffer (lots of protocols)
    section: 8
  dstat:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: versatile tool for generating system resource stats
    section: 1
  dtrace:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: tune and troubleshoot programs and system (systemtap)
    section: 1
  dtrx:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: cleanly extract many archive types
    section: 1
  du:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: estimate file space usage
    section: 1
  dump:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: ext2/3/4 filesystem backup
    section: 8
  dumpkeys:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: dump keyboard translation tables
    section: 1
  e2dbg:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: the embedded elf debugger
    section: 1
  echo:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: display a line of text
    section: 1
  ed:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: the standard text editor
    section: 1
  editres:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: a dynamic resource editor for x toolkit applications
    section: 1
  edquota:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: edit user quotas
    section: 8
  egrep:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: print lines matching a pattern (-E)
    section: 1
  egrope:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: massage a file for a while
    section: 1fun
  elfsh:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: the elsf shell
    section: 1
  elinks:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
    section: 1
  emacs:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: gnu project emacs text editor
    section: 1
  env:
    categories:
      - Environment
    description: run a program in a modified environment
    section: 1
  environ:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: user environment
    section: 7
  eqn:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: format equations for troff or mathml
    section: 1
  eresi:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: the eresi reverse engineering software interface
    section: 1
  errno:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: look up errno names and descriptions
    section: 1
  errno.3:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: number of last error
    section: 3
  ethtool:
    categories:
      - Hardware
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: query or control network driver and hardware settings
    section: 8
  etrace:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: the embedded elf tracer
    section: 1
  ex:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: text editor
    section: 1
  exif:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: shows exif information in jpeg files
    section: 1
  exifcom:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: set/display user comment tag contained in a jpeg exif
    section: 1
  exifgrep:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: select and reformat the output of exifprobe
    section: 1
  exifprobe:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: probe and report exif structure and metadata content
    section: 1
  exiftags:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: output the properties contained in a jpeg exif section
    section: 1
  exiftime:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: display/adjust the date and time exif tags
    section: 1
  exiftool:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: read and write meta information in media files
    section: 1
  exiftran:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: transform/rotate digital camera jpeg images
    section: 1
  expand:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: convert tabs to spaces
    section: 1
  expect:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: automate applications accessed over a terminal
    section: 1
  exportfs:
    categories:
      - Network Filesystems
    description: maintain table of exported nfs file systems
    section: 8
  expr:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: evaluate expressions
    section: 1
  extract:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: determine meta-information about a file
    section: 1
  factor:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: factor numbers
    section: 1
  fadecut:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: 'rip audiostreams, cut, fade in/out and tag audiofiles'
    section: 1
  false:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: 'do nothing, unsuccessfully'
    section: 1
  fdformat:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: low-level format a floppy disk
    section: 8
  fdisk:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: partition table manipulator for linux
    section: 8
  fdupes:
    categories:
      - Search and Find
    description: finds duplicate files in a given set of directories
    section: 1
  ffmpeg:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: ffmpeg video converter
    section: 1
  fg:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: brings the most recent job to foreground
    section: 1
  fgrep:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: search files for lines that match a fixed string (-F)
    section: 1
  fgrope:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: massage a file for a while
    section: 1fun
  figlet:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: display text with an ascii art charset
    section: 6
  file:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: determine file type
    section: 1
  file-hierarchy:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: file system hierarchy overview
    section: 7
  finch:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: instant messaging client (frontend to libpurple)
    section: 1
  find:
    categories:
      - Search and Find
    description: search for files in a directory hierarchy
    section: 1
  finger:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: user information lookup program
    section: 1
  fio:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: flexible i/o tester
    section: 1
  fish:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: the friendly interactive shell
    section: 1
  fizsh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: friendly interactive zshell
    section: 1
  flame:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: reply to usenet news posting automatically
    section: 1fun
  flog:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: speed up a process
    section: 1fun
  fmt:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: optimally reformat text
    section: 1
  fold:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: wrap each input line to fit in specified width
    section: 1
  fort77:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: fortran compiler
    section: 1
  fortune:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: 'print a random, hopefully interesting, adage'
    section: 1
  free:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
    section: 1
  fsck:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: check and repair a linux file system
    section: 8
  ftff:
    categories:
      - Search and Find
    description: fault tolerant file find utility
    section: 1
  ftp:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: copy files between hosts
    section: 1
  fuser:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: identify processes using files or sockets
    section: 1
  gawk:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: pattern scanning and processing language
    section: 1
  gcal:
    categories:
      - Date / Time
    description: a program for calculating and printing calendars
    section: 1
  gcc:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: gnu project c and c++ compiler
    section: 1
  gdb:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: the gnu debugger
    section: 1
  gem:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the front end to rubygems
    section: 1
  gencat:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: generate a formatted message catalog
    section: 1
  genisoimage:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: create iso9660/joliet/hfs filesystem
    section: 1
  getconf:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: get configuration values
    section: 1
  getfacl:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: get file access control lists
    section: 1
  getfattr:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: get extended attributes of filesystem objects
    section: 1
  getopt:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: parse command options
    section: 1
  ghc:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the glasgow haskell compiler
    section: 1
  ghci:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the glasgow haskell compiler
    section: 1
  git:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: the stupid content tracker
    section: 1
  git-sh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: a git shell (bash)
    section: 1
  gitfm:
    categories:
      - File Managers
    description: gnu interactive tools file manager
    section: 1
  gitps:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: a visual process viewer/killer (gnu interactive tools)
    section: 1
  gittutorial:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: a tutorial introduction to git
    section: 7
  gitunpack:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: 'gnu interactive tools - unified archive unpacking'
    section: 1
  gitview:
    categories:
      - Viewers
    description: an ascii/hex file viewer (gnu interactive tools)
    section: 1
  gitwipe:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: an utility for wiping files (gnu interactive tools)
    section: 1
  gocr:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: command line text recognition tool
    section: 1
  goldendict:
    categories:
      - Spelling
    description: a feature-rich dictionary lookup program
    section: 1
  gong:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: evaluate process performance
    section: 1fun
  google:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: command-line access to (some) google services
    section: 1
  gpg:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: openpgp encryption and signing tool
    section: 1
  gprof:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: display call graph profile data
    section: 1
  grep:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: search files for lines of text matching a pattern
    section: 1
  groff:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: front-end for the groff document formatting system
    section: 1
  grope:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: massage a file for a while
    section: 1fun
  groupadd:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: create a new group
    section: 8
  groupdel:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: delete a group
    section: 8
  groupmod:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: modify a group definition on the system
    section: 8
  groups:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print group names a user is in
    section: 1
  grub:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: install grand unified bootloader
    section: 8
  gunzip:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: expand files (gnu zip)
    section: 1
  guru:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: system administration
    section: 8fun
  gv:
    categories:
      - Viewers
      - Text Conversion
    description: postscript and pdf viewer
    section: 1
  gzexe:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: compress executable files in place
    section: 1
  gzip:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: compress files (gnu zip)
    section: 1
  halt:
    categories:
      - System
    description: reboot or stop the system
    section: 8
  hdparm:
    categories:
      - Hardware
      - Performances
    description: get/set sata/ide device parameters
    section: 8
  head:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: output the first 10 lines of file
    section: 1
  help:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: shell built-in help
    section: 1
  hexdiff:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: hexadecimal visual diff for binary files
    section: 1
  hexdump:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: 'ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump'
    section: 1
  hier:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: description of the filesystem hierarchy
    section: 7
  host:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: dns lookup utility
    section: 1
  hostid:
    categories:
      - System
    description: print the numeric identifier for the current host
    section: 1
  hostname:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: print the system hostname
    section: 1
  hping3:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
    section: 8
  htop:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: interactive process viewer
    section: 1
  hwinfo:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: probe for hardware
    section: 8
  iconv:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: convert encoding of given files
    section: 1
  id:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print real and effective user and group ids
    section: 1
  id3:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: id3 tag editor
    section: 1
  id3tool:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: a command line editor for id3 tags
    section: 1
  id3v2:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: 'add/change/remove/view id3v2 tags, converts/lists id3v1'
    section: 1
  ident:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: identify rcs keyword strings in files
    section: 1
  ifconfig:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: set/display network information
    section: 8
  ifdown:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: stop a network interface
    section: 8
  ifetch:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: image collection tool for ip cameras of ifetch-tools
    section: 1
  ifstat:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: report interface statistics
    section: 1
  iftop:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
    section: 8
  ifup:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: bring a network interface up
    section: 8
  imdb-get:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: looks up imdb data for a film
    section: 1
  img2txt:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: convert images to various text-based coloured files
    section: 1
  import:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: window/screenshot
    section: 1
  indent:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'reformat a c program, inserting or deleting whitespace'
    section: 1
  info:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: read info documents
    section: 1
  infocmp:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: compare or print out terminfo descriptions
    section: 1
  infotocap:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: convert a terminfo description into termcap description
    section: 1
  initctl:
    categories:
      - System
    description: upstart service configuration
    section: 8
  inotifywait:
    categories:
      - Schedule
      - Files
    description: wait for changes to files using inotify
    section: 1
  inotifywatch:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: gather filesystem access statistics using inotify
    section: 1
  insmod:
    categories:
      - Kernel
    description: simple program to insert a module into the linux kernel
    section: 8
  install:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: copy files and set attributes
    section: 1
  intro.1:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: user commands
    section: 1
  intro.2:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: system calls
    section: 2
  intro.3:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: library functions
    section: 3
  intro.4:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: special files
    section: 4
  intro.5:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: file formats
    section: 5
  intro.6:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: games
    section: 6
  intro.7:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: 'overview, conventions, and miscellany section'
    section: 7
  intro.8:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: administration and privileged commands
    section: 8
  ionice:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
    section: 1
  iostat:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: 'report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs'
    section: 1
  iotop:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: simple top-like i/o monitor
    section: 1
  ip:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: 'show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels'
    section: 8
  ip-tunnel:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: tunnel configuration
    section: 8
  ip6tables:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: ipv6 packet filter administration
    section: 8
  ip6tables-restore:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: restore ipv6 tables
    section: 8
  ip6tables-save:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: dump iptables rules to stdout
    section: 8
  ipcalc:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: ipv4 netmask/broadcast/etc calculator
    section: 1
  ipchains:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: control the packet filter/firewall (now see iptables)
    section: 8
  ipcrm:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: 'remove message, semaphore, or shared memory identifier'
    section: 1
  ipcs:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: report interprocess communication facilities status
    section: 1
  iperf:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: perform network throughput tests
    section: 1
  iptables:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: administration tool for ipv4 packet filtering and nat
    section: 8
  iptables-restore:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: restore ip tables
    section: 8
  iptables-save:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: dump iptables rules to stdout
    section: 8
  iptraf:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: interactive colorful ip lan monitor
    section: 8
  ipv6calc:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: a small utility to manipulate ipv6 addresses
    section: 8
  irb:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: interactive ruby
    section: 1
  irssi:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: a modular irc client for unix
    section: 1
  isadump:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: examine isa registers
    section: 8
  ispell:
    categories:
      - Spelling
    description: check spelling in batch or interactively
    section: 1
  iw:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: show/manipulate wireless devices and configuration
    section: 8
  iwconfig:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: configure a wireless network interface
    section: 8
  java:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the java application launcher
    section: 1
  javac:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: java programming language compiler
    section: 1
  javadoc:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the java api documentation generator
    section: 1
  jed:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: programmers editor
    section: 1
  jobs:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: lists the active jobs
    section: 1
  join:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: join lines of two files on a common field
    section: 1
  jot:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: print sequential or random data
    section: 1
  journalctl:
    categories:
      - System
    description: query the systemd journal
    section: 1
  js_beautify:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: command tool to beautify your javascript files
    section: 1
  kdialog:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: show kde dialog boxes from shell scripts
    section: 1
  kill:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: send a signal to a process
    section: 1
  killall:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: kill all processes named proc
    section: 1
  knife:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: tools to improve network performance via snip
    section: 8fun
  konqueror:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: 'browse man:, info:, perldoc: thanks to k'
    section: 1
  ksh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: 'kornshell, a command and programming language'
    section: 1
  ktap:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
    section: 8
  lart:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: luser attitude readjustment tool
    section: 1fun
  last:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: show listing of last logged in users
    section: 1
  lastb:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: show listing of bad loggin attemps
    section: 1
  lastcomm:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print information about previously executed commands
    section: 1
  lastlog:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: reports recent login of all users or of a given user
    section: 8
  ld:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the gnu linker
    section: 1
  ld.so:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: dynamic linker-loader
    section: 8
  ldconfig:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
    section: 8
  ldd:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: print shared library dependencies
    section: 1
  less:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: opposite of more
    section: 1
  lex:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: generate programs for lexical tasks
    section: 1
  libc:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: overview of standard c libraries on linux
    section: 7
  lilo:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: install linux boot loader
    section: 8
  link:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: create a hard link to a file
    section: 1
  links:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
    section: 1
  lldpad:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: link layer discovery protocol (lldp) agent daemon
    section: 8
  lldptool:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad
    section: 8
  llttng:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: tracer control command line tool
    section: 1
  lmbench:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: system benchmarks
    section: 8
  ln:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: make filesystem links
    section: 1
  loadkeys:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: load keyboard translation tables
    section: 1
  locale:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
      - Environment
    description: get locale-specific information
    section: 1
  localedef:
    categories:
      - Environment
    description: compile locale definition files
    section: 1
  locate:
    categories:
      - Search and Find
    description: locate files via index (m/slocate)
    section: 1
  logger:
    categories:
      - System
    description: a shell interface to the syslog system log module
    section: 1
  loginctl:
    categories:
      - System
    description: control the systemd login manager
    section: 1
  logname:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print the login name of a user
    section: 1
  look:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: display lines beginning with a given string
    section: 1
  lp:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: send files to a printer
    section: 1
  lpadmin:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: configure cups printers and classes
    section: 8
  lpc:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: line printer control program
    section: 8
  lpmove:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: move a job or all jobs to a new destination
    section: 8
  lpoptions:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: display or set cups printer options and defaults
    section: 1
  lpq:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: show printer queue status
    section: 1
  lpr:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: print files
    section: 1
  lprm:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: remove print jobs
    section: 1
  lpstat:
    categories:
      - Print
    description: print cups status information
    section: 1
  ls:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: list directory contents and files
    section: 1
  lsattr:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: list advanced file attributes on a ext file system
    section: 1
  lsb_release:
    categories:
      - System
    description: print distribution-specific information
    section: 1
  lsblk:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: list block devices
    section: 8
  lsdev:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: display information about installed hardware
    section: 8
  lshal:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: lists all devices the hardware abstraction layer knows
    section: 1
  lshw:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: list hardware
    section: 1
  lslk:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: list local locks
    section: 8
  lsmod:
    categories:
      - Kernel
    description: program to show the status of modules in linux kernel
    section: 8
  lsof:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: list open files
    section: 8
  lspci:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: list all pci devices
    section: 8
  lsusb:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: list usb devices
    section: 8
  ltrace:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: a library call tracer
    section: 1
  lua:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: lua interpreter
    section: 1
  luac:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: lua compiler
    section: 1
  luadoc:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: generate documentation from files
    section: 1
  luarocks:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: module deployment system for lua
    section: 1
  luser:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: process to control the clueless individuals
    section: 8fun
  lynx:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: 'a general purpose, text-only browser for the www'
    section: 1
  lzip:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: reduces the size of files
    section: 1
  lzma:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: lzma compression and decompression tool
    section: 1
  lzma2:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: lzma compression and decompression tool
    section: 1
  m4:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: macro processor
    section: 1
  mail:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: minimal client to send and receive mail
    section: 1
  mailx:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: send and receive internet mail
    section: 1
  make:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: gnu make utility to maintain groups of programs
    section: 1
  man:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: an interface to the on-line reference manuals
    section: 1
  man-pages:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: conventions for writing linux man pages
    section: 7
  markdown:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: convert markdown syntax to (x)html
    section: 1
  mawk:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: pattern scanning and processing language
    section: 1
  mc:
    categories:
      - File Managers
    description: visual shell for unix-like systems
    section: 1
  mcdiff:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: visual shell for unix-like systems
    section: 1
  mcedit:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: internal file editor of gnu midnight commander
    section: 1
  mcview:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
      - Viewers
    description: midnight commander internal file viewer
    section: 1
  md5pass:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: create an md5 password hash
    section: 1
  md5sum:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: compute and check md5 message digest
    section: 1
  merge:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: three-way file merge
    section: 1
  mesg:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: control write access to your terminal
    section: 1
  mii-tool:
    categories:
      - Hardware
      - Network
    description: 'view, manipulate media-independent interface status'
    section: 8
  mimeopen:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: open files by mimetype
    section: 1
  mimetype:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: identify file types
    section: 1
  minicom:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: friendly serial communication program
    section: 1
  missing:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: missing manual pages
    section: 7
  mkdir:
    categories:
      - Directories
    description: make directories
    section: 1
  mkfifo:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: create named pipe
    section: 1
  mkfs:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: build a linux file system
    section: 8
  mkisofs:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: create an hybrid iso9660 joliet hfs filesystem
    section: 1
  mknod:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: make block or character special files
    section: 1
  mksh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: mirbsd kornshell
    section: 1
  mktemp:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: create a temporary file or directory
    section: 1
  mktorrent:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: simple bittorrent metainfo file creator
    section: 1
  mmv:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: move/copy/append/link files by wildcard patterns
    section: 1
  modconf:
    categories:
      - Kernel
    description: a module configuration utility
    section: 8
  modinfo:
    categories:
      - Kernel
    description: program to show information about a linux kernel module
    section: 8
  modprobe:
    categories:
      - Kernel
    description: program to add and remove modules from the linux kernel
    section: 8
  mogrify:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: inplace convert/edit/resize/blur/crop/etc an image
    section: 1
  more:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: file perusal filter for viewing
    section: 1
  most:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: browse or page through a text file
    section: 1
  mount:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: mount a filesystem
    section: 8
  mp3burn:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: 'burn audio cds from mp3, ogg vorbis, or flac files'
    section: 1
  mplayer:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: video/audio player/streamer
    section: 1
  mpstat:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: report processors related statistics
    section: 1
  msmtp:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: an smtp client
    section: 1
  mt:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: control magnetic tape drive operation
    section: 1
  mtools:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: utilities to access dos disks in unix
    section: 1
  mtr:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
    section: 8
  mtrace:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: interpret output from malloc_trace
    section: 1
  mulk:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: parallel network downloader with filtering and metalink
    section: 1
  mutool:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: all purpose tool for dealing with pdf files
    section: 1
  mutt:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: text-based email client
    section: 1
  mv:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: move (rename) files
    section: 1
  nano:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: a small and friendly text editor
    section: 1
  nasm:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'the netwide assembler, a portable 80x86 assembler'
    section: 1
  nc:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: 'netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens'
    section: 1
  ncftp:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: browser program for the file transfer protocol
    section: 1
  ncftpget:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: internet file transfer program for scripts
    section: 1
  ncftpput:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: internet file transfer program for scripts
    section: 1
  ncmpc:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: curses music player daemon (mpd) client
    section: 1
  neqn:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: format equations for ascii output
    section: 1
  nethack:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: exploring the mazes of menace
    section: 6
  nethogs:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: 'a small net top tool, displays usage per process'
    section: 8
  netstat:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: 'print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats'
    section: 8
  newgrp:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: log in to a new group
    section: 1posix
  newsbeuter:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: an rss feed reader for text terminals
    section: 1
  newusers:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: update and create new users in batch
    section: 8
  nfsiostat:
    categories:
      - Network Filesystems
    description: report input/output statistics for nfs
    section: 1
  nfsstat:
    categories:
      - Network Filesystems
    description: list nfs statistics
    section: 8
  nice:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
    section: 1
  nicstat:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: print network traffic statistics
    section: 1
  nisdomainname:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: show or set the system's nis domain name
    section: 1
  nl:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: number lines of files
    section: 1
  nm:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: list symbols from object files
    section: 1
  nm-tool:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: utility to report networkmanager state and devices
    section: 1
  nmap:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: network exploration tool and security / port scanner
    section: 1
  nmon:
    categories:
      - System
    description: 'systems administrator, tuner, benchmark tool'
    section: 1
  node:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: server-side javascript
    section: 1
  nohup:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: 'runs a command immune to hangups, outputs to a non-tty'
    section: 1
  normality:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: defines types of normality different users may have
    section: 5fun
  notify-send:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: a program to send desktop notifications
    section: 1
  notmuch:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: 'thread-based email index, search, and tagging'
    section: 1
  nproc:
    categories:
      - System
    description: print the number of processing units available
    section: 1
  nroff:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: emulate nroff command with groff
    section: 1
  nslookup:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: query internet name servers interactively
    section: 1
  ntop:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: display top network users
    section: 8
  ntptrace:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: trace a chain of ntp servers back to the primary source
    section: 1
  nuke:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: launch nuclear weapons at mapped usenet sites
    section: 8fun
  nuttcp:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: network performance measurement tool
    section: 8
  objcopy:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: copy and translate object files
    section: 1
  objdump:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: display information from object files
    section: 1
  od:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: dump files in octal and other formats
    section: 1
  odt2txt:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: a simple converter from opendocument text to plain text
    section: 1
  p0f:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: identify remote systems passively
    section: 1
  pandoc:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: general markup converter
    section: 1
  parallel:
    categories:
      - Pipes
    description: run programs in parallel
    section: 1
  parted:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: a partition manipulation program
    section: 8
  party:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: set os responses mode
    section: 1fun
  passwd:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: change user password
    section: 1
  paste:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: append/merge columns
    section: 1
  patch:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: apply a diff file to an original
    section: 1
  pathchk:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: check whether file names are valid or portable
    section: 1
  pax:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: portable archive interchange
    section: 1
  pbzip2:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: parallel bzip2 file compressor
    section: 1
  pcapdump:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: dedicated packet capture utility
    section: 1
  pcapip:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: filter a pcap for ip addresses
    section: 1
  pcappick:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: pick specific frames out of a pcap file by number
    section: 1
  pcapuc:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: filter a pcap for ip addresses
    section: 1
  pchar:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: perform network measurements along an internet path
    section: 8
  pdffonts:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf font analyzer
    section: 1
  pdfimages:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf image extractor
    section: 1
  pdfinfo:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf document information extractor
    section: 1
  pdfseparate:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf page extractor
    section: 1
  pdftocairo:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf to png/jpeg/pdf/ps/eps/svg using cairo
    section: 1
  pdftohtml:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: 'program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png'
    section: 1
  pdftoppm:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf to portable pixmap (ppm) converter
    section: 1
  pdftops:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf to postscript converter
    section: 1
  pdftotext:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf to text converter
    section: 1
  pdfunite:
    categories:
      - Pdf
    description: pdf page merger
    section: 1
  pdksh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: legacy kornshell built on mksh
    section: 1
  people:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: fetch a list of all ttys behaving like a human
    section: 2fun
  perf:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: performance analysis tools for linux
    section: 1
  perf-list:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: list all symbolic event types
    section: 1
  perf-stat:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: run a command and gather performance counter statistics
    section: 1
  perf-top:
    categories:
      - System
    description: system profiling tool
    section: 1
  perl:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the perl language interpreter
    section: 1
  perlbug:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: how to submit bug reports on perl
    section: 1
  perlcheat:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: perl 5 cheat sheet
    section: 1
  perlcritic:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: command-line interface to critique perl source
    section: 1
  perldoc:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: look up perl documentation in pod format
    section: 1
  perlintro:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: brief introduction and overview of perl
    section: 1
  perltidy:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: a perl script indenter and reformatter
    section: 1
  pg:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: browse pagewise through text files
    section: 1
  pgrep:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: lookup processes based on name and other attributes
    section: 1
  php:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: php command line interface cli
    section: 1
  pidof:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: find the process id of a running program
    section: 8
  pidstat:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: report statistics for linux tasks
    section: 1
  ping:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: check if host is reachable
    section: 8
  pkill:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: signal processes based on name and other attributes
    section: 1
  pmap:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: report memory map of a process
    section: 1
  pmsd:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: periodically manic system daemon
    section: 8fun
  pnpdump:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: dump isa plug-and-play devices resource information
    section: 8
  popd:
    categories:
      - Directories
    description: 'sh: remove dir from stack, changes to the new top dir'
    section: 1
  pork:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: console-based aol instant messenger & irc client
    section: 1
  posixoptions:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: optional parts of the posix standard
    section: 7
  poweroff:
    categories:
      - System
    description: reboot or stop the system
    section: 8
  powertop:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: program to analyze power consumption on intel laptops
    section: 1
  ppthtml:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: convert powerpoint ppt files to html
    section: 1
  pr:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: convert text files for printing
    section: 1
  prename:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: renames multiple files with perl expression
    section: 1
  primes:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: generate primes
    section: 6
  printenv:
    categories:
      - Environment
    description: print all or part of environment
    section: 1
  printf:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: format and print data
    section: 1
  procinfo:
    categories:
      - System
    description: display system statistics gathered from /proc
    section: 8
  prtstat:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: print statistics of a process
    section: 1
  ps:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: report a snapshot of the current processes
    section: 1
  psed:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: a stream editor
    section: 1
  pstack:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: print a stack trace of running processes
    section: 1
  pstree:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: display a tree of processes
    section: 1
  ptunnel:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: tunnel tcp connections over icmp packets
    section: 8
  pushd:
    categories:
      - Directories
    description: 'sh: add directories to stack'
    section: 1
  pwd:
    categories:
      - Directories
    description: print name of current/working directory
    section: 1
  pxz:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: parallel lzma compressor compatible with xz
    section: 1
  pychecker:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: program to check python scripts for common mistakes
    section: 1
  pycompile:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: byte compile python source files
    section: 1
  pydoc:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the python documentation tool
    section: 1
  python:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'an interpreted, object-oriented programming language'
    section: 1
  qalc:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: powerful and easy to use command line calculator
    section: 1
  qdbus:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: a communication-interface for qt-based applications
    section: 1
  quelcom:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: command line editing tools for mp3 and wav files
    section: 1
  quota:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: display disk usage and limits
    section: 8
  quotacheck:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: 'scan for disk usage, create, check, repair quota files'
    section: 8
  quotaoff:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: turn filesystem quotas off
    section: 8
  quotaon:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: turn filesystem quotas on
    section: 8
  rar:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: archive files with compression
    section: 1
  rarp:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: manipulate the system rarp table
    section: 8
  rcp:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: remote file copy
    section: 1
  rcs:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: change rcs file attributes
    section: 1
  readelf:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: displays information about elf files
    section: 1
  readline:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: get a line from a user with editing (inputrc)
    section: 3
  readlink:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
    section: 1
  reboot:
    categories:
      - System
    description: reboot or stop the system
    section: 8
  recode:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: converts files between character sets
    section: 1
  red:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: line-oriented text editor
    section: 1
  renice:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: alter priority of running processes
    section: 1
  repquota:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: summarize quotas for a filesystem
    section: 8
  rescrog:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: 'change something, make it different'
    section: 1fun
  reset:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: terminal initialization
    section: 1
  restore:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: restore files or filesystem from backups made with dump
    section: 8
  rev:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: reverse characters of lines in file or files
    section: 1
  rgrep:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: print lines matching a pattern recursively (-R)
    section: 1
  rig:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: random identity generator
    section: 6
  rlogin:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: openssh ssh client (remote login program)
    section: 1
  rm:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: remove files or directories
    section: 1
  rmdir:
    categories:
      - Directories
    description: remove empty directories
    section: 1
  rmmod:
    categories:
      - Kernel
    description: simple program to remove a module from the linux kernel
    section: 8
  route:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: show/manipulate the ip routing table
    section: 8
  rpm:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: rpm package manager
    section: 8
  rsync:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: 'a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool'
    section: 1
  rtfm:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: a response for easy questions from clueless lusers
    section: 1fun
  rtorrent:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: a bittorrent client for ncurses
    section: 1
  ruby:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: interpreted object-oriented scripting language
    section: 1
  runcon:
    categories:
      - Administration
    description: run command with specified security context (selinux)
    section: 1
  runlevel:
    categories:
      - System
    description: output previous and current runlevel
    section: 7
  rwho:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: determine all users logged on your local network
    section: 1
  s2p:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: sed to perl translator
    section: 1
  sa:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: summarizes accounting information
    section: 8
  sar:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: 'collect, report, or save system activity information'
    section: 1
  sc:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: spreadsheet calculator
    section: 1
  scanmem:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: locate and modify a variable in an executing process
    section: 1
  scapy:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: interactive packet manipulation tool
    section: 1
  scp:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: securely copy files between hosts
    section: 1
  screen:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: screen manager with vt100/ansi terminal emulation
    section: 1
  script:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: make typescript of terminal session
    section: 1
  scriptreplay:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: 'play back typescripts, using timing information'
    section: 1
  scsiinfo:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: query information from a scsi device
    section: 8
  sdiff:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: side-by-side merge of file differences
    section: 1
  sed:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: stream editor for filtering and transforming text
    section: 1
  seq:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: print a sequence of numbers
    section: 1
  service:
    categories:
      - System
    description: run a system v init script
    section: 1
  setfacl:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: set file access control lists
    section: 1
  setfattr:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: set extended attributes of filesystem objects
    section: 1
  setleds:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: set the keyboard leds
    section: 1
  setpci:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: configure pci devices
    section: 8
  setquota:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: set disk quotas
    section: 8
  setserial:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: get/set linux serial port information
    section: 8
  setterm:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: set terminal attributes
    section: 1
  setxkbmap:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: set the keyboard using the x keyboard extension
    section: 1
  sex:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: have sex
    section: 6fun
  sftp:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: secure file transfer program
    section: 1
  sg_map:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: displays mapping between linux sg and scsi devices
    section: 8
  sginfo:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: access mode page information for a scsi/atapi device
    section: 8
  sh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: 'shell, the standard command language interpreter'
    section: 1
  shar:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: create shell archives
    section: 1
  shasum:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: print or check sha checksums
    section: 1
  showkey:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: examine the codes sent by the keyboard
    section: 1
  showmount:
    categories:
      - Network Filesystems
    description: show file systems exported
    section: 8
  shred:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: 'overwrite a file to hide its contents, and  delete it'
    section: 1
  shuf:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: write a random permutation of the input lines to stdout
    section: 1
  shutdown:
    categories:
      - System
    description: shutdown or restart the system
    section: 8
  signal:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: overview of signals
    section: 7
  simple-scan:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: scanning utility
    section: 1
  sipcalc:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: ip subnet calculator
    section: 1
  skill:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: send a signal or report process status
    section: 1
  slabtop:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: display kernel slab cache information in real time
    section: 1
  slave:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: a semi-interactive command for the dirty work
    section: 1fun
  sleep:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: wait for some time
    section: 1
  sln:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: link files (statically linked)
    section: 8
  slrn:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: an easy to use nntp / spool based newsreader
    section: 1
  smart:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: the smart package manager
    section: 8
  smartctl:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: control and monitor utility for smart disks
    section: 8
  smbclient:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: ftp-like client to access smb/cifs resources on servers
    section: 1
  snice:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: send a signal or report process status
    section: 1
  sniffit:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: packet sniffer and monitoring tool
    section: 8
  snmpcmd:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: behaviour common to most of the net-snmp commands
    section: 1
  snmpget:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: communicates with a network using snmp get requests
    section: 1
  snmpwalk:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: retrieve a management values subtree using snmp getnext
    section: 1
  sntop:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: top-like console network status tool
    section: 1
  socat:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: multipurpose relay (socket cat)
    section: 1
  sort:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: sort lines of text files
    section: 1
  sox:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: the swiss army knife of audio manipulation
    section: 1
  spc:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: colorizes text for terminals and html (supercat)
    section: 1
  spell:
    categories:
      - Spelling
    description: check spelling in batch
    section: 1
  split:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: split a file into fixed-size pieces
    section: 1
  sq:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: squeeze a sorted word list
    section: 1
  sqlite3:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: command line interface for sqlite version 3
    section: 1
  ss:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: another utility to investigate sockets
    section: 8
  ssconvert:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: spreadsheet format converter (gnumeric)
    section: 1
  ssh:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: openssh ssh client (remote login program)
    section: 1
  ssh-copy-id:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: install public key in a remote machine authorized_keys
    section: 1
  ssh-keygen:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: 'authkey generation, management and conversion'
    section: 1
  sshmitm:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: ssh monkey-in-the-middle
    section: 8
  sshow:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: ssh traffic analysis tool
    section: 8
  sslscan:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: fast ssl scanner
    section: 1
  standards:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: 'standards - c and unix standards'
    section: 7
  stap:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: systemtap script translator driver
    section: 1
  start:
    categories:
      - System
    description: init daemon control tool
    section: 8
  stat:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: display file attributes or file system status
    section: 1
  status:
    categories:
      - System
    description: init daemon control tool
    section: 8
  stdbuf:
    categories:
      - Pipes
    description: run command and modified buffering for its std streams
    section: 1
  steghide:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: a steganography program
    section: 1
  stop:
    categories:
      - System
    description: init daemon control tool
    section: 8
  strace:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: trace system calls and signals
    section: 1
  strfry:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: string operation
    section: 3fun
  strings:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: extract printable strings
    section: 1
  strip:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: remove unnecessary information from executable files
    section: 1
  stty:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: change and print terminal line settings
    section: 1
  stunnel:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: universal ssl tunnel
    section: 8
  stx2any:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: converter from structured text to multiple formats
    section: 1
  su:
    categories:
      - Administration
    description: change user id or become superuser
    section: 1
  sudo:
    categories:
      - Administration
    description: execute a command as another user
    section: 8
  sum:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: checksum and count the blocks in a file
    section: 1
  surfraw:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: a fast unix command line interface to www services
    section: 1
  swapon:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping
    section: 8
  synaptic:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: graphical management of software packages (xwindows)
    section: 8
  sync:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: flush disk caches
    section: 8
  sysadmin:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: responsible  for everything imaginable
    section: 1fun
  sysbench:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: 'a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool'
    section: 1
  sysctl:
    categories:
      - Kernel
      - Performances
    description: configure kernel parameters at runtime
    section: 8
  sysdig:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
    section: 8
  systemctl:
    categories:
      - System
    description: control the systemd system and service manager
    section: 1
  sysv-rc-conf:
    categories:
      - System
    description: run-level configuration for sysv like init script links
    section: 8
  tabs:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: set terminal tabs
    section: 1
  tac:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: concatenate and print files in reverse
    section: 1
  tail:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: output the last 10 lines of file
    section: 1
  talk:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: talk to another user
    section: 1
  tar:
    categories:
      - Compression
      - Backup
    description: read write tape archives
    section: 1
  task:
    categories:
      - Date / Time
    description: a command line todo manager
    section: 1
  taskset:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
    section: 1
  tbl:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: format tables for troff
    section: 1
  tc:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: show/manipulate traffic control settings
    section: 8
  tcpdump:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: dump traffic on a network
    section: 8
  tcpflow:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: tcp flow recorder
    section: 1
  tcpick:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: tcp stream sniffer and connection tracker
    section: 8
  tcpkill:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: kill tcp connections on a lan
    section: 8
  tcpnice:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: slow down tcp connections on a lan
    section: 8
  tcpreen:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: tcp stream monitoring tool
    section: 1
  tcpspy:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: tcp/ip connection monitor
    section: 8
  tcptrace:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: a tcp connection analysis tool
    section: 1
  tcptrack:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: monitor tcp connections on the network
    section: 1
  tcsh:
    categories:
      - Shells
    description: c shell with file name completion and cli editing
    section: 1
  tee:
    categories:
      - Pipes
      - Text Utilities
    description: copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously
    section: 1
  telinit:
    categories:
      - System
    description: change system runlevel
    section: 8
  telnet:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: log into remote hosts
    section: 1
  tesseract:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: command-line ocr engine
    section: 1
  test:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: check file types and compare values
    section: 1
  tetheral:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: dump and analyze network traffic
    section: 1
  think:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: 'you dont have to think, computers can think for you'
    section: 1fun
  tic:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: the terminfo entry-description compiler
    section: 1
  tidy:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'validate, correct, and pretty-print html files'
    section: 1
  tig:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: text-mode interface for git
    section: 1
  time:
    categories:
      - Processes
    description: time a simple command
    section: 1
  timeout:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Schedule
    description: run a command with a time limit
    section: 1
  times:
    categories:
      - System
    description: show process times for the shell and its child
    section: 1
  timidity:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: midi-to-wave converter and player
    section: 1
  tin:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: usenet newsreader
    section: 1
  tiptop:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Debugging
    description: display hardware performance counters for Linux tasks
    section: 8
  tload:
    categories:
      - System
    description: graphic representation of system load average
    section: 1
  tm:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: meditate
    section: 1fun
  tmux:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: terminal multiplexer
    section: 1
  toe:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: table of (terminfo) entries
    section: 1
  toilet:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: display large colourful characters
    section: 1
  top:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Performances
    description: monitor processes
    section: 1
  touch:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: change file timestamps
    section: 1
  tput:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: change terminal characteristics
    section: 1
  tr:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: 'translate, squeeze or delete characters'
    section: 1
  trace-cmd:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: interacts with ftrace linux kernel internal tracer
    section: 1
  trace-cmd-list:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: 'list available plugins, events or options for ftrace'
    section: 1
  tracepath:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: 'traces path to a network host, discovering mtu along'
    section: 8
  traceroute:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Network
    description: print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
    section: 8
  tree:
    categories:
      - Directories
      - Files
    description: list contents of directories in a tree-like format
    section: 1
  trn:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: threaded read news program
    section: 1
  troff:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
    section: 1
  true:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: 'do nothing, successfully'
    section: 1
  truncate:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: shrink/extend the size of a file to the specified size
    section: 1
  tsort:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: perform topological sort
    section: 1
  ttm:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: tex/latex to mathml converter
    section: 1
  tty:
    categories:
      - Terminal
    description: display the name of the terminal connected to stdin
    section: 1
  tudu:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: command line hierarchical todo list
    section: 1
  tune2fs:
    categories:
      - Performances
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
    section: 8
  txt2html:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: convert plain text file to html
    section: 1
  txt2man:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: convert flat ascii text to man page format
    section: 1
  txt2pdbdoc:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: text to doc file converter for palm pilots
    section: 1
  txt2regex:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: a regular expression wizard
    section: 1
  txt2tags:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: text formatting and conversion tool
    section: 1
  type:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: 'shell built-in, display information about command type'
    section: 1
  udevadm:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: udev management tool
    section: 8
  udptunnel:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: tunnel udp packets over a tcp connection
    section: 1
  ufw:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: program for managing a netfilter firewall
    section: 8
  umask:
    categories:
      - Attributes / Properties
    description: set default file protections
    section: 1
  umount:
    categories:
      - Filesystem Tools
    description: unmount file systems
    section: 8
  unace:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: 'extract, test and view ace archives'
    section: 1
  uname:
    categories:
      - System
    description: print system/kernel information
    section: 1
  uncompress:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: expand files
    section: 1
  uncrustify:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: 'c, c++, c#, d, java and pawn source code beautifier'
    section: 1
  undocumented.3:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: undocumented library functions
    section: 3
  undocumented.7:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: 'no manpage for this program, utility or function'
    section: 7
  unexpand:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: convert spaces to tabs
    section: 1
  unicode:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: universal character set
    section: 7
  unify:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: 'transforms context diffs into unidiffs, or vice-versa'
    section: 1
  uniq:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: report or omit repeated lines
    section: 1
  unison:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: user level file-synchronization tool
    section: 1
  units:
    categories:
      - Numbers / Math
    description: convert units from one scale to another
    section: 1
  units.7:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
    description: 'units, kilo/kibi/mega, decimal and binary prefixes'
    section: 7
  unlink:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: call the unlink function to remove the specified file
    section: 1
  unshar:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: unpack a shar file
    section: 1
  unsq:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: unsqueeze a sorted word list
    section: 1
  update-alternatives:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: maintain symlinks for default commands
    section: 8
  update-manager:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: graphical management of software updates
    section: 8
  updatedb:
    categories:
      - Search and Find
    description: update a database for m/slocate
    section: 8
  uptime:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: view the system load and how long it has been running
    section: 1
  urlview:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: url extractor/launcher
    section: 1
  useradd:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: create a new user or update default user information
    section: 8
  userdel:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: delete a user account and related files
    section: 8
  usermod:
    categories:
      - User Management
    description: modify a user account
    section: 8
  users:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print the user names of users currently logged in
    section: 1
  uubp:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: unix-to-unix beer protocol
    section: 1fun
  uucp:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: system-to-system copy
    section: 1
  uudecode:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: decode a file created by uuencode
    section: 1
  uuencode:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: encode a binary file
    section: 1
  uustat:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Network Apps
    description: uucp status inquiry and job control
    section: 1
  uux:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - Network Apps
    description: remote command execution
    section: 1
  vdir:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: verbosely list directory contents
    section: 1
  vi:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: text editor
    section: 1
  vim:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: text editor
    section: 1
  vlc:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: 'video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder'
    section: 1
  vmstat:
    categories:
      - System
      - Performances
    description: report virtual memory statistics
    section: 8
  w:
    categories:
      - Processes
      - User Information
    description: show who is logged on and what they are doing
    section: 1
  w3m:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: a text based web browser and pager
    section: 1
  wait:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: await process completion
    section: 1
  wall:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: write a message to users
    section: 1
  watch:
    categories:
      - Schedule
    description: 'execute a program periodically, showing output'
    section: 1
  wc:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: 'print newline, word, and byte counts for each file'
    section: 1
  wdiff:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: display word differences between text files
    section: 1
  weechat:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: wee enhanced environment for chat
    section: 1
  wget:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: the non-interactive network downloader
    section: 1
  whack:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: mangle requests to a printer or damage a printer
    section: 1fun
  whatis:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: display manual page descriptions
    section: 1
  whereis:
    categories:
      - Search and Find
    description: 'locate binary, source, and manual page for a command'
    section: 1
  which:
    categories:
      - Search and Find
    description: locate a command
    section: 1
  whichman:
    categories:
      - Getting Help
    description: search for a man page using a fault tolerant matching
    section: 1
  who:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print all usernames currently logged in
    section: 1
  whoami:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: print effective userid
    section: 1
  whois:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: client for the whois directory service
    section: 1
  wipe:
    categories:
      - Files
    description: securely erase files from magnetic media
    section: 1
  wireshark:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: interactively dump and analyze network traffic
    section: 1
  wmctrl:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: interact with a ewmh/netwm compatible x window manager
    section: 1
  wordgrinder:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: console-based word processor
    section: 1
  wput:
    categories:
      - Network Apps
    description: wget-like ftp-uploader
    section: 1
  write:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: send a message to another user
    section: 1
  wvdial:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: ppp dialer with built-in intelligence
    section: 1
  x86info:
    categories:
      - Hardware
    description: display x86 cpu diagnostics
    section: 1
  xargs:
    categories:
      - Pipes
    description: build and execute command lines from standard input
    section: 1
  xclip:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: command line interface to x selections (clipboard)
    section: 1
  xclipboard:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: x clipboard client
    section: 1
  xdg-open:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: opens a file or url in the user preferred application
    section: 1
  xdotool:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: command-line x11 automation tool
    section: 1
  xdvi:
    categories:
      - Viewers
    description: dvi previewer for the x window system
    section: 1
  xev:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: x event viewer
    section: 1
  xhost:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: server access control program for x
    section: 1
  xkill:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: 'kill processes or users, including usenet poster'
    section: 1fun
  xlart:
    categories:
      - Funny
    description: interactive x interface to rlart
    section: 1fun
  xlhtml:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: convert excel xls files to html
    section: 1
  xls2csv:
    categories:
      - Text Conversion
    description: output ms-excel file as comma-separated values
    section: 1
  xlsfonts:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: server font list displayer for x
    section: 1
  xmessage:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: display a message/query in a window (x-based /bin/echo)
    section: 1
  xmlindent:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: xml stream reformatter
    section: 1
  xmlstarlet:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: command line xml/xslt toolkit
    section: 1
  xmodmap:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: set/modify keymaps and pointer button mappings in x
    section: 1
  xorriso:
    categories:
      - Backup
    description: creates and manipulates iso filesystem with rockridge
    section: 1
  xprobe2:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: a remote active operating system fingerprinting tool
    section: 1
  xset:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: user preference utility for x
    section: 1
  xsetroot:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: root window parameter setting utility for x
    section: 1
  xte:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: generates fake input using the xtest extension
    section: 1
  xtrace:
    categories:
      - Debugging
    description: trace communication between x11 client and server
    section: 1
  xvidtune:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: adjust x server origin and size
    section: 1
  xxd:
    categories:
      - Binary Information
    description: make a hexdump or do the reverse (patch)
    section: 1
  xz:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: compress or decompress xz and lzma files
    section: 1
  xzcat:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: 'decompresses files to stdout (xz, lzma)'
    section: 1
  yacc:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: yet another compiler compiler
    section: 1
  yasm:
    categories:
      - Development
    description: the yasm modular assembler
    section: 1
  yes:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: output a string repeatedly until killed
    section: 1
  youtube-dl:
    categories:
      - Other
    description: download video from youtube or other video platforms
    section: 1
  ypdomainname:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: show or set the system's yp domain name
    section: 1
  ytalk:
    categories:
      - User Information
    description: multi-user chat program
    section: 1
  yum:
    categories:
      - Setup
    description: yellowdog updater modified (redhat)
    section: 8
  zcat:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: expand and concatenate data (gz)
    section: 1
  zdiff:
    categories:
      - File Compare
    description: compare compressed files
    section: 1
  zenity:
    categories:
      - X Windows
    description: display gtk+ dialogs
    section: 1
  zgrep:
    categories:
      - Text Utilities
    description: search compressed files for a regular expression
    section: 1
  zip:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: compress files (windows zip)
    section: 1
  zonecheck:
    categories:
      - Network
    description: dns zone checking tool
    section: 1
  zoo:
    categories:
      - Compression
    description: manipulate archives of files in compressed form
    section: 1
  zsh:
    categories:
      - Manpages and Documentation
      - Shells
    description: the z shell
    section: 1
length:
  description:
    max: 55
    min: 5
  line:
    max: 67
    min: 10
  name:
    max: 27
    min: 1

cliref_txt.md

_________ _____ _______________       _____
\_   ___ \\    \\___________   \____ / ____\     ~/.bash/cliref.md
/    \  \/|    | |   ||       _/ __ \  __\    copy/paste from whatisdb
\     \___|__  |_|_  ||    |   \  __/|_ |   http://pastebin.com/yGmGiDQX
 \________  /_____ \_||____|_  /____  /_|     [email protected]
 20140825 \/      \/         \/     \/

---

Content

Manpages and Documentation           Directories
Sections                             Files
Interesting Manpages                 Pipes
Local Directories                    Attributes / Properties
On the Web                           Binary Information
Getting Help                         File Managers
Shells                               Viewers
System                               Search and Find
Kernel                               Text Utilities
Hardware                             Text Conversion
Processes                            File Compare
Performances                         Compression
Development                          Backup
Debugging                            Spelling
Administration                       Print
Setup                                Environment
Schedule                             Numbers / Math
Network                              Date / Time
Network Filesystems                  Pdf
Network Apps                         Terminal
User Management                      Other
User Information                     X Windows
Filesystem Tools                     Funny

Manpages and Documentation

Sections

Section:         General use on various unix platforms:
0                c library header files
1                general commands
1c               communications
1g               graphics
1m               maintenance, system administration commands and daemons
2                system calls
3                library functions, in particular the c standard library
3c               c programming language
3f               fortran programming language
3m               miscellaneous programming routines
4                special files, devices, drivers, formats and conventions
5                file formats and conventions miscellanea
6                games and screensavers
7                miscellanea, special files, devices and drivers
8                system administration commands and daemons
9                kernel routines
l                local, some programs install pages here instead of (1)
n                tcl/tk keywords
x                the x window system
?fun             funny command lines

Interesting Manpages

1 intro          user commands
2 intro          system calls
3 intro          library functions
4 intro          special files
5 intro          file formats
6 intro          games
7 intro          overview, conventions, and miscellany section
8 intro          administration and privileged commands
7 undocumented   no manpage for this program, utility or function
7 missing        missing manual pages
7 LDP            linux documentation project with help and guides
7 man-pages      conventions for writing linux man pages
7 environ        user environment
7 hier           description of the filesystem hierarchy
7 file-hierarchy file system hierarchy overview
7 signal         overview of signals
7 standards      standards - c and unix standards
7 units          units, kilo/kibi/mega, decimal and binary prefixes
7 libc           overview of standard c libraries on linux
7 posixoptions   optional parts of the posix standard
1 errno          look up errno names and descriptions
3 errno          number of last error
3 undocumented   undocumented library functions
5 acl            access control lists
1 ascii          report character aliases
7 ascii          ascii characters in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
7 unicode        universal character set
7 locale         description of multilanguage support
3 readline       get a line from a user with editing (inputrc)
1 bash           gnu bourne-again shell
1 zsh            the z shell
1 perlintro      brief introduction and overview of perl
1 perlcheat      perl 5 cheat sheet
7 gittutorial    a tutorial introduction to git

Local Directories

manpages       /usr/man/                      /usr/share/man/
infopages      /usr/info/                     /usr/share/info/
packages       /usr/doc/                      /usr/share/doc/
linux doc prj  /usr/doc/ldp                   /usr/share/doc/ldp/
howtos         /usr/doc/howto                 /usr/share/doc/howto
mini howtos    /usr/doc/howto/mini            /usr/share/doc/howto/mini
kernel         /usr/src/linux/documentation/
x window       /usr/x11r6/lib/x11/doc/
apache         /home/httpd/html/manual/       /var/www/html/manual/
latex doc      /usr/share/texmf/doc/latex/latex2e-html/
tex            /usr/share/texmf/doc/

On the Web

The Linux man-pages project      https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
Linux Manpages Online            http://man.cx/
Ubuntu Manpage Repository        http://manpages.ubuntu.com/
ArchWiki                         https://wiki.archlinux.org/
Debian Wiki                      https://wiki.debian.org/
The Linux Documentation Project  http://tldp.org/
GreyCat's wiki                   http://mywiki.wooledge.org/
Bash Hackers Wiki                http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/
Inconsolation                    http://inconsolation.wordpress.com/
Command Line Kung Fu             http://blog.commandlinekungfu.com/
CommandLineFu                    http://www.commandlinefu.com/
Unix Mages                       http://unixmages.com/
SuperUser                        https://superuser.com/
Ask Ubuntu                       https://askubuntu.com/
Unix on StackExchange            https://unix.stackexchange.com/
Shell subreddits
  http://www.reddit.com/r/bash+bashtricks+commandline+scriptswap+shell+zsh

Getting Help

man            an interface to the on-line reference manuals
apropos        search the manual page names and descriptions
whatis         display manual page descriptions
whichman       search for a man page using a fault tolerant matching
info           read info documents
help           shell built-in help
type           shell built-in, display information about command type
konqueror      browse man:, info:, perldoc: thanks to k

Shells

sh             shell, the standard command language interpreter
bash           gnu bourne-again shell
fish           the friendly interactive shell
zsh            the z shell
fizsh          friendly interactive zshell
ksh            kornshell, a command and programming language
pdksh          legacy kornshell built on mksh
mksh           mirbsd kornshell
csh            a shell with c-like syntax
tcsh           c shell with file name completion and cli editing
git-sh         a git shell (bash)

System

nmon           systems administrator, tuner, benchmark tool
collectl       collects data that describes the current system status
uptime         view the system load and how long it has been running
times          show process times for the shell and its child
lsb_release    print distribution-specific information
uname          print system/kernel information
arch           print machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
nproc          print the number of processing units available
procinfo       display system statistics gathered from /proc
mpstat         report processors related statistics
perf-top       system profiling tool
lmbench        system benchmarks
sysbench       a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
sar            collect, report, or save system activity information
hostid         print the numeric identifier for the current host
free           display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
swapon         enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping
vmstat         report virtual memory statistics
dstat          versatile tool for generating system resource stats
iostat         report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
iotop          simple top-like i/o monitor
fio            flexible i/o tester
blktrace       generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
blockdev       call block device ioctls from the command line
slabtop        display kernel slab cache information in real time
tload          graphic representation of system load average
initctl        upstart service configuration
start          init daemon control tool
stop           init daemon control tool
status         init daemon control tool
chkconfig      enable or disable system services
service        run a system v init script
sysv-rc-conf   run-level configuration for sysv like init script links
runlevel       output previous and current runlevel
telinit        change system runlevel
systemctl      control the systemd system and service manager
journalctl     query the systemd journal
loginctl       control the systemd login manager
halt           reboot or stop the system
reboot         reboot or stop the system
shutdown       shutdown or restart the system
poweroff       reboot or stop the system
logger         a shell interface to the syslog system log module

Kernel

lsmod          program to show the status of modules in linux kernel
insmod         simple program to insert a module into the linux kernel
rmmod          simple program to remove a module from the linux kernel
modinfo        program to show information about a linux kernel module
modprobe       program to add and remove modules from the linux kernel
modconf        a module configuration utility
depmod         program to generate modules.dep and map files
sysctl         configure kernel parameters at runtime

Hardware

x86info        display x86 cpu diagnostics
dmesg          print kernel and driver messages
hdparm         get/set sata/ide device parameters
smartctl       control and monitor utility for smart disks
badblocks      search a device for bad blocks
setserial      get/set linux serial port information
wvdial         ppp dialer with built-in intelligence
lshw           list hardware
lshal          lists all devices the hardware abstraction layer knows
lsdev          display information about installed hardware
lsblk          list block devices
lsusb          list usb devices
lspci          list all pci devices
setpci         configure pci devices
pnpdump        dump isa plug-and-play devices resource information
isadump        examine isa registers
scsiinfo       query information from a scsi device
sginfo         access mode page information for a scsi/atapi device
sg_map         displays mapping between linux sg and scsi devices
udevadm        udev management tool
ethtool        query or control network driver and hardware settings
mii-tool       view, manipulate media-independent interface status
dmidecode      dmi table decoder
hwinfo         probe for hardware
alsamixer      soundcard mixer for alsa driver
alsactl        advanced controls for alsa soundcard driver
showkey        examine the codes sent by the keyboard
loadkeys       load keyboard translation tables
dumpkeys       dump keyboard translation tables
setleds        set the keyboard leds

Processes

ps             report a snapshot of the current processes
w              show who is logged on and what they are doing
top            monitor processes
htop           interactive process viewer
atop           at computing system & process monitor
gitps          a visual process viewer/killer (gnu interactive tools)
pidstat        report statistics for linux tasks
powertop       program to analyze power consumption on intel laptops
prtstat        print statistics of a process
pstree         display a tree of processes
kill           send a signal to a process
killall        kill all processes named proc
pidof          find the process id of a running program
pkill          signal processes based on name and other attributes
pgrep          lookup processes based on name and other attributes
skill          send a signal or report process status
snice          send a signal or report process status
nice           set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
renice         alter priority of running processes
ionice         set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
taskset        retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
nohup          runs a command immune to hangups, outputs to a non-tty
disown         shell built-in, removes each jobs from shell
jobs           lists the active jobs
bg             lists stopped or background jobs, resume a stopped job
fg             brings the most recent job to foreground
time           time a simple command
timeout        run a command with a time limit
uux            remote command execution
uustat         uucp status inquiry and job control
ipcs           report interprocess communication facilities status
ipcrm          remove message, semaphore, or shared memory identifier

Performances

See Brendan D. Gregg [Linux Perf page] (http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html)

collectl       collects data that describes the current system status
uptime         view the system load and how long it has been running
mpstat         report processors related statistics
lmbench        system benchmarks
sysbench       a modular, multi-threaded benchmark tool
sar            collect, report, or save system activity information
free           display amount of free/used/swap memory in the system
swapon         enable/disable device and file for paging and swapping
vmstat         report virtual memory statistics
dstat          versatile tool for generating system resource stats
iostat         report cpu and io statistics for dev, part and nfs
iotop          simple top-like i/o monitor
fio            flexible i/o tester
blktrace       generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices
slabtop        display kernel slab cache information in real time
sysctl         configure kernel parameters at runtime
hdparm         get/set sata/ide device parameters
ps             report a snapshot of the current processes
top            monitor processes
htop           interactive process viewer
pidstat        report statistics for linux tasks
nice           set/run a program with modified scheduling priority
renice         alter priority of running processes
ionice         set or get process i/o scheduling class and priority
taskset        retrieve or set a process cpu affinity
sysdig         a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
ltrace         a library call tracer
strace         trace system calls and signals
stap           systemtap script translator driver
ktap           lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
llttng         tracer control command line tool
perf           performance analysis tools for linux
tiptop         display hardware performance counters for Linux tasks
ethtool        query or control network driver and hardware settings
iperf          perform network throughput tests
pchar          perform network measurements along an internet path
ping           check if host is reachable
hping3         send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
traceroute     print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
mtr            traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
nicstat        print network traffic statistics
netstat        print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
ss             another utility to investigate sockets
iptraf         interactive colorful ip lan monitor
tcpdump        dump traffic on a network
snmpget        communicates with a network using snmp get requests
lldptool       manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad
tune2fs        adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
dd             convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records

Development

perl           the perl language interpreter
perldoc        look up perl documentation in pod format
perltidy       a perl script indenter and reformatter
perlcritic     command-line interface to critique perl source
perlbug        how to submit bug reports on perl
cpan           easily interact with cpan from the command line
txt2regex      a regular expression wizard
ruby           interpreted object-oriented scripting language
irb            interactive ruby
gem            the front end to rubygems
python         an interpreted, object-oriented programming language
pydoc          the python documentation tool
pycompile      byte compile python source files
pychecker      program to check python scripts for common mistakes
ghc            the glasgow haskell compiler
ghci           the glasgow haskell compiler
lua            lua interpreter
luac           lua compiler
luadoc         generate documentation from files
luarocks       module deployment system for lua
node           server-side javascript
js_beautify    command tool to beautify your javascript files
java           the java application launcher
javac          java programming language compiler
javadoc        the java api documentation generator
php            php command line interface cli
clisp          ansi common lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger
fort77         fortran compiler
nasm           the netwide assembler, a portable 80x86 assembler
yasm           the yasm modular assembler
as             the portable gnu assembler
gcc            gnu project c and c++ compiler
gprof          display call graph profile data
ld             the gnu linker
c99            compile standard ansi c programs
cpp            the c preprocessor
make           gnu make utility to maintain groups of programs
dmake          maintain program groups, or interdependent files
cmake          cross-platform makefile generator
cxref          generate a c-language program cross-reference table
ctags          generate tag file for emacs, vi
cflow          generate a c-language flowgraph
astyle         indentation and reformatting filters c, c++, c#, java
indent         reformat a c program, inserting or deleting whitespace
bcpp           make c++ beautifier
uncrustify     c, c++, c#, d, java and pawn source code beautifier
xmlindent      xml stream reformatter
xmlstarlet     command line xml/xslt toolkit
tidy           validate, correct, and pretty-print html files
csstidy        css parser and optimiser
lex            generate programs for lexical tasks
strip          remove unnecessary information from executable files
yacc           yet another compiler compiler
gencat         generate a formatted message catalog
getconf        get configuration values
sqlite3        command line interface for sqlite version 3

Debugging

gdb            the gnu debugger
elfsh          the elsf shell
e2dbg          the embedded elf debugger
readelf        displays information about elf files
objdump        display information from object files
objcopy        copy and translate object files
nm             list symbols from object files
lsof           list open files
lslk           list local locks
fuser          identify processes using files or sockets
trace-cmd      interacts with ftrace linux kernel internal tracer
trace-cmd-list list available plugins, events or options for ftrace
pstack         print a stack trace of running processes
dtrace         tune and troubleshoot programs and system (systemtap)
sysdig         a system-level exploration and troubleshooting tool
etrace         the embedded elf tracer
eresi          the eresi reverse engineering software interface
ltrace         a library call tracer
mtrace         interpret output from malloc_trace
strace         trace system calls and signals
xtrace         trace communication between x11 client and server
stap           systemtap script translator driver
ktap           lightweight script-based dynamic tracing tool for linux
llttng         tracer control command line tool
perf           performance analysis tools for linux
perf-stat      run a command and gather performance counter statistics
perf-list      list all symbolic event types
tiptop         display hardware performance counters for Linux tasks
babeltrace     babeltrace trace viewer and converter for (ctf)
scanmem        locate and modify a variable in an executing process
binwalk        binary image search tool
strings        extract printable strings
ident          identify rcs keyword strings in files
pmap           report memory map of a process
ldd            print shared library dependencies
ldconfig       configure dynamic linker run-time bindings
ld.so                        dynamic linker-loader
/lib/ld-linux.so.2           dynamic linker-loader
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2  dynamic linker-loader

Administration

chroot         run command or interactive shell with special root dir
su             change user id or become superuser
sudo           execute a command as another user
runcon         run command with specified security context (selinux)
chcon          change file security context (selinux)

Setup

apt-get        apt package handling utility (debian)
apt-config     apt configuration query program
apt-cache      query the apt cache
apt-file       apt package searching utility
apt-mark       mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
debfoster      weed unnecessary debian packages
deborphan      orphaned package finder
dgrep          grep through files belonging to an installed package
dglob          expand package names or files matching a pattern
dlocate        program to view debian package information
dpkg                    package manager for debian
dpkg-reconfigure        reconfigure an already installed package
debconf                 run a debconf-using program
debconf-get-selections  output contents of debconf database
debconf-set-selections  insert new values into the debconf database
update-alternatives     maintain symlinks for default commands
update-manager          graphical management of software updates
dselect        debian package management frontend
aptitude       high-level interface to the package manager
synaptic       graphical management of software packages (xwindows)
alien          convert or install an alien binary package (rpm, deb)
rpm            rpm package manager
yum            yellowdog updater modified (redhat)
smart          the smart package manager

Schedule

sleep          wait for some time
watch          execute a program periodically, showing output
wait           await process completion
inotifywait    wait for changes to files using inotify
timeout        run a command with a time limit
crontab        maintain crontab files for individual users
at             executes commands at a specified time
atq            lists the user pending jobs
atrm           remove jobs fom the later execution queue
batch          executes commands when system load levels permit

Network

ip             show/manip routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
tc             show/manipulate traffic control settings
ifconfig       set/display network information
ifstat         report interface statistics
ifdown         stop a network interface
ifup           bring a network interface up
iw             show/manipulate wireless devices and configuration
iwconfig       configure a wireless network interface
ethtool        query or control network driver and hardware settings
mii-tool       view, manipulate media-independent interface status
nm-tool        utility to report networkmanager state and devices
iperf          perform network throughput tests
nuttcp         network performance measurement tool
pchar          perform network measurements along an internet path
route          show/manipulate the ip routing table
host           dns lookup utility
hostname       print the system hostname
domainname     show or set the system nis/yp domain name
dnsdomainname  show the system dns domain name
nisdomainname  show or set the system's nis domain name
ypdomainname   show or set the system's yp domain name
whois          client for the whois directory service
ping           check if host is reachable
hping3         send (almost) arbitrary tcp/ip packets to network hosts
traceroute     print the route packets trace to network host (see mtr)
tracepath      traces path to a network host, discovering mtu along
mtr            traceroute and ping programs diagnostic tool
ntop           display top network users
sntop          top-like console network status tool
iftop          display bandwidth usage on an interface by host
nethogs        a small net top tool, displays usage per process
nicstat        print network traffic statistics
netstat        print connections, routing, masquerade, multicast stats
ss             another utility to investigate sockets
nslookup       query internet name servers interactively
dig            dns lookup utility
zonecheck      dns zone checking tool
nc             netcat, arbitrary tcp and udp connections and listens
cryptcat       twofish encryption enabled version of nc
socat          multipurpose relay (socket cat)
arping         arp find out ethernet address by first arping then arp
arp            manipulate the system arp cache
arpspoof       intercept packets on a switched lan
arp-scan       the arp scanner
rarp           manipulate the system rarp table
ufw            program for managing a netfilter firewall
ipchains       control the packet filter/firewall (now see iptables)
iptables           administration tool for ipv4 packet filtering and nat
ip6tables          ipv6 packet filter administration
iptables-save      dump iptables rules to stdout
ip6tables-save     dump iptables rules to stdout
iptables-restore   restore ip tables
ip6tables-restore  restore ipv6 tables
ipcalc         ipv4 netmask/broadcast/etc calculator
ipv6calc       a small utility to manipulate ipv6 addresses
sipcalc        ip subnet calculator
iptraf         interactive colorful ip lan monitor
tcptrack       monitor tcp connections on the network
tcpkill        kill tcp connections on a lan
tcpnice        slow down tcp connections on a lan
tcpreen        tcp stream monitoring tool
wireshark      interactively dump and analyze network traffic
tcpspy         tcp/ip connection monitor
tcpdump        dump traffic on a network
tcptrace       a tcp connection analysis tool
tcpick         tcp stream sniffer and connection tracker
tcpflow        tcp flow recorder
pcapdump       dedicated packet capture utility
pcapip         filter a pcap for ip addresses
pcappick       pick specific frames out of a pcap file by number
pcapuc         filter a pcap for ip addresses
scapy          interactive packet manipulation tool
sniffit        packet sniffer and monitoring tool
dsniff         password sniffer (lots of protocols)
sshow          ssh traffic analysis tool
sshmitm        ssh monkey-in-the-middle
sslscan        fast ssl scanner
tetheral       dump and analyze network traffic
nmap           network exploration tool and security / port scanner
xprobe2        a remote active operating system fingerprinting tool
p0f            identify remote systems passively
ip-tunnel      tunnel configuration
stunnel        universal ssl tunnel
ptunnel        tunnel tcp connections over icmp packets
udptunnel      tunnel udp packets over a tcp connection
smbclient      ftp-like client to access smb/cifs resources on servers
ntptrace       trace a chain of ntp servers back to the primary source
snmpget        communicates with a network using snmp get requests
snmpwalk       retrieve a management values subtree using snmp getnext
snmpcmd        behaviour common to most of the net-snmp commands
lldpad         link layer discovery protocol (lldp) agent daemon
lldptool       manage the lldp settings and status of lldpad

Network Filesystems

exportfs       maintain table of exported nfs file systems
showmount      show file systems exported
nfsstat        list nfs statistics
nfsiostat      report input/output statistics for nfs

Network Apps

ssh            openssh ssh client (remote login program)
ssh-copy-id    install public key in a remote machine authorized_keys
ssh-keygen     authkey generation, management and conversion
rlogin         openssh ssh client (remote login program)
telnet         log into remote hosts
rcp            remote file copy
scp            securely copy files between hosts
sftp           secure file transfer program
ftp            copy files between hosts
ncftp          browser program for the file transfer protocol
ncftpget       internet file transfer program for scripts
ncftpput       internet file transfer program for scripts
uucp           system-to-system copy
uux            remote command execution
uustat         uucp status inquiry and job control
mutt           text-based email client
mail           minimal client to send and receive mail
mailx          send and receive internet mail
msmtp          an smtp client
alpine         internet news and email
notmuch        thread-based email index, search, and tagging
slrn           an easy to use nntp / spool based newsreader
trn            threaded read news program
tin            usenet newsreader
newsbeuter     an rss feed reader for text terminals
centerim       text mode based im client for linux
finch          instant messaging client (frontend to libpurple)
pork           console-based aol instant messenger & irc client
bitchx         an advanced internet relay chat client
irssi          a modular irc client for unix
weechat        wee enhanced environment for chat
bitlbee        irc gateway to im chat networks
lynx           a general purpose, text-only browser for the www
links          lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
elinks         lynx-like alternative character mode www browser
surfraw        a fast unix command line interface to www services
w3m            a text based web browser and pager
curl           transfer a url (swiss army tool)
wget           the non-interactive network downloader
wput           wget-like ftp-uploader
mulk           parallel network downloader with filtering and metalink
axel           light download accelerator (best imo)
aria           fast download utility (http, ftp, bittorrent, metalink)
rtorrent       a bittorrent client for ncurses
mktorrent      simple bittorrent metainfo file creator
btdownloadcurses  download files using a scatter-gather network
finger         user information lookup program
minicom        friendly serial communication program

User Management

adduser        add a user or group to the system
useradd        create a new user or update default user information
userdel        delete a user account and related files
usermod        modify a user account
newusers       update and create new users in batch
groupadd       create a new group
groupdel       delete a group
groupmod       modify a group definition on the system
newgrp         log in to a new group
chage          change user password expiry information
chfn           change real user name and information
chsh           change login shell
passwd         change user password

User Information

id             print real and effective user and group ids
groups         print group names a user is in
sa             summarizes accounting information
ac             print statistics about users connect time
who            print all usernames currently logged in
whoami         print effective userid
rwho           determine all users logged on your local network
w              show who is logged on and what they are doing
last           show listing of last logged in users
lastb          show listing of bad loggin attemps
lastlog        reports recent login of all users or of a given user
lastcomm       print information about previously executed commands
users          print the user names of users currently logged in
logname        print the login name of a user
talk           talk to another user
ytalk          multi-user chat program
write          send a message to another user
wall           write a message to users
mesg           control write access to your terminal

Filesystem Tools

df             report file system disk space usage
mount          mount a filesystem
umount         unmount file systems
fsck           check and repair a linux file system
badblocks      search a device for bad blocks
sync           flush disk caches
mkfs           build a linux file system
tune2fs        adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4
fdisk          partition table manipulator for linux
cfdisk         curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator
parted         a partition manipulation program
fdformat       low-level format a floppy disk
mtools         utilities to access dos disks in unix
quota          display disk usage and limits
repquota       summarize quotas for a filesystem
setquota       set disk quotas
edquota        edit user quotas
quotaon        turn filesystem quotas on
quotaoff       turn filesystem quotas off
quotacheck     scan for disk usage, create, check, repair quota files
convertquota   convert quota from old file format to new one
lilo           install linux boot loader
grub           install grand unified bootloader
dd             convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue       data recovery tool

Directories

cd             change directory
pwd            print name of current/working directory
mkdir          make directories
rmdir          remove empty directories
tree           list contents of directories in a tree-like format
pushd          sh: add directories to stack
popd           sh: remove dir from stack, changes to the new top dir

Files

ls             list directory contents and files
dir            briefly list files
vdir           verbosely list directory contents
tree           list contents of directories in a tree-like format
dircolors      color setup for ls
du             estimate file space usage
cp             copy files and directories
mv             move (rename) files
mmv            move/copy/append/link files by wildcard patterns
prename        renames multiple files with perl expression
rm             remove files or directories
unlink         call the unlink function to remove the specified file
shred          overwrite a file to hide its contents, and  delete it
wipe           securely erase files from magnetic media
gitwipe        an utility for wiping files (gnu interactive tools)
install        copy files and set attributes
ln             make filesystem links
link           create a hard link to a file
sln            link files (statically linked)
readlink       print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
mkfifo         create named pipe
mknod          make block or character special files
mktemp         create a temporary file or directory
basename       strip directory and suffix from filenames
dirname        convert a full pathname to just a path
pathchk        check whether file names are valid or portable
inotifywatch   gather filesystem access statistics using inotify
inotifywait    wait for changes to files using inotify

Pipes

tee            read from stdin, write to stdout and files
xargs          build and execute command lines from standard input
parallel       run programs in parallel
stdbuf         run command and modified buffering for its std streams

Attributes / Properties

umask          set default file protections
stat           display file attributes or file system status
touch          change file timestamps
chown          change file owner and group
chgrp          change group ownership
chmod          change file mode bits
chattr         change advanced file attributes on a linux file system
lsattr         list advanced file attributes on a ext file system
getfattr       get extended attributes of filesystem objects
setfattr       set extended attributes of filesystem objects
getfacl        get file access control lists
setfacl        set file access control lists
test           check file types and compare values

Binary Information

file           determine file type
mimetype       identify file types
mimeopen       open files by mimetype
extract        determine meta-information about a file
od             dump files in octal and other formats
xxd            make a hexdump or do the reverse (patch)
hexdump        ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
mcview         midnight commander file viewer
dhex           hex editor with a diff mode
hexdiff        hexadecimal visual diff for binary files
bbe            sed-like editor for binary files
dd             convert/copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue       data recovery tool

File Managers

mc             visual shell for unix-like systems
gitfm          gnu interactive tools file manager

Viewers

gv             postscript and pdf viewer
xdvi           dvi previewer for the x window system
dbview         view dbase 3 files
mcview         midnight commander internal file viewer
gitview        an ascii/hex file viewer (gnu interactive tools)

Search and Find

find           search for files in a directory hierarchy
ftff           fault tolerant file find utility
updatedb       update a database for m/slocate
locate         locate files via index (m/slocate)
which          locate a command
whereis        locate binary, source, and manual page for a command
fdupes         finds duplicate files in a given set of directories

Text Utilities

cat            concatenate files and print on the standard output
tac            concatenate and print files in reverse
zcat           expand and concatenate data (gz)
bzcat          decompresses files to stdout (bz2)
xzcat          decompresses files to stdout (xz, lzma)
spc            colorizes text for terminals and html (supercat)
rev            reverse characters of lines in file or files
shuf           write a random permutation of the input lines to stdout
truncate       shrink/extend the size of a file to the specified size
head           output the first 10 lines of file
tail           output the last 10 lines of file
split          split a file into fixed-size pieces
nl             number lines of files
wc             print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
more           file perusal filter for viewing
pg             browse pagewise through text files
less           opposite of more
most           browse or page through a text file
emacs          gnu project emacs text editor
vi             text editor
vim            text editor
mcedit         internal file editor of gnu midnight commander
nano           a small and friendly text editor
jed            programmers editor
wordgrinder    console-based word processor
ex             text editor
ed             the standard text editor
red            line-oriented text editor
look           display lines beginning with a given string
grep           search files for lines of text matching a pattern
egrep          print lines matching a pattern (-E)
fgrep          search files for lines that match a fixed string (-F)
rgrep          print lines matching a pattern recursively (-R)
agrep          search a file for a string with approximate matching
zgrep          search compressed files for a regular expression
bzgrep         search bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression
ack            ack-grep is designed as a replacement for grep
urlview        url extractor/launcher
awk            pattern scanning and processing language
gawk           pattern scanning and processing language
mawk           pattern scanning and processing language
sed            stream editor for filtering and transforming text
psed           a stream editor
a2p            awk to perl translator
s2p            sed to perl translator
cut            extract columns from files
join           join lines of two files on a common field
colrm          remove columns from a file
csplit         split a file into context-determined pieces
paste          append/merge columns
m4             macro processor
tr             translate, squeeze or delete characters
sort           sort lines of text files
tsort          perform topological sort
uniq           report or omit repeated lines
tee            copy stdin to a file and to stdout simultaneously
column         columnate lists
pr             convert text files for printing
fmt            optimally reformat text
fold           wrap each input line to fit in specified width
expand         convert tabs to spaces
unexpand       convert spaces to tabs
recode         converts files between character sets
iconv          convert encoding of given files
sq             squeeze a sorted word list
unsq           unsqueeze a sorted word list

Text Conversion

dos2unix       dos/mac to unix text file format converter
groff          front-end for the groff document formatting system
troff          the troff processor of the groff text formatting system
nroff          emulate nroff command with groff
deroff         remove roff and preprocessor constructs
eqn            format equations for troff or mathml
neqn           format equations for ascii output
tbl            format tables for troff
col            filter reverse line feeds from input
catdvi         dvi to plain text converter
gv             postscript and pdf viewer
odt2txt        a simple converter from opendocument text to plain text
catdoc         outputs word doc file content as plain text
docx2txt       convert microsoft ooxml files to plain text
xls2csv        output ms-excel file as comma-separated values
xlhtml         convert excel xls files to html
ssconvert      spreadsheet format converter (gnumeric)
ppthtml        convert powerpoint ppt files to html
stx2any        converter from structured text to multiple formats
pandoc         general markup converter
asciidoc       converts an asciidoc text file to html or docbook
markdown       convert markdown syntax to (x)html
ttm            tex/latex to mathml converter
txt2tags       text formatting and conversion tool
txt2man        convert flat ascii text to man page format
txt2html       convert plain text file to html
txt2pdbdoc     text to doc file converter for palm pilots
img2txt        convert images to various text-based coloured files
cacaview       ascii image browser

File Compare

diff           compare files line by line
zdiff          compare compressed files
diff3          compare three files line by line
merge          three-way file merge
wdiff          display word differences between text files
sdiff          side-by-side merge of file differences
mcdiff         visual shell for unix-like systems
patch          apply a diff file to an original
unify          transforms context diffs into unidiffs, or vice-versa
comm           compare two sorted files line by line
cmp            compare two files byte by byte
cksum          checksum and count the bytes in a file
sum            checksum and count the blocks in a file
md5sum         compute and check md5 message digest
md5pass        create an md5 password hash
shasum         print or check sha checksums

Compression

atool          a script for managing file archives of various types
dtrx           cleanly extract many archive types
ar             create, modify, and extract from archives
tar            the gnu version of the tar archiving utility
cpio           copy files to and from archives
7z             a file archiver with highest compression ratio
gzip           compress files (gnu zip)
gzexe          compress executable files in place
gunzip         expand files (gnu zip)
compress       compress and expand data
bzip2          a block-sorting file compressor
bunzip2        a block-sorting file decompressor
pbzip2         parallel bzip2 file compressor
lzip           reduces the size of files
pax            portable archive interchange
rar            archive files with compression
compress       compress data
uncompress     expand files
shar           create shell archives
unshar         unpack a shar file
unace          extract, test and view ace archives
uuencode       encode a binary file
uudecode       decode a file created by uuencode
base64         encode/decode data and print to standard output
xz             compress or decompress xz and lzma files
lzma           lzma compression and decompression tool
lzma2          lzma compression and decompression tool
zoo            manipulate archives of files in compressed form
pxz            parallel lzma compressor compatible with xz
zip            compress files (windows zip)
cabextract     extract files from microsoft cabinet (cab)
gitunpack      gnu interactive tools - unified archive unpacking

Backup

mt             control magnetic tape drive operation
dump           ext2/3/4 filesystem backup
restore        restore files or filesystem from backups made with dump
tar            read write tape archives
rsync          a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool
unison         user level file-synchronization tool
cdrecord       burn a cd
mkisofs        create an hybrid iso9660 joliet hfs filesystem
genisoimage    create iso9660/joliet/hfs filesystem
xorriso        creates and manipulates iso filesystem with rockridge
burn           record from various sources to optical media (cd, dvd)
mp3burn        burn audio cds from mp3, ogg vorbis, or flac files
rcs            change rcs file attributes
ci             check in rcs revisions
co             check out rcs revisions
git            the stupid content tracker
tig            text-mode interface for git
gpg            openpgp encryption and signing tool
crypt          encrypt or decrypt files
steghide       a steganography program

Spelling

spell          check spelling in batch
aspell         check spelling interactively
ispell         check spelling in batch or interactively
goldendict     a feature-rich dictionary lookup program
an             anagram generator

Print

lp             send files to a printer
lpr            print files
lpq            show printer queue status
lpstat         print cups status information
lprm           remove print jobs
lpmove         move a job or all jobs to a new destination
cancel         cancel cups print jobs
lpc            line printer control program
lpadmin        configure cups printers and classes
lpoptions      display or set cups printer options and defaults
cupsaccept     accept jobs sent to a destination
cupsreject     reject jobs sent to a destination
cupsdisable    stop printers and classes
cupsenable     start printers and classes

Environment

printenv       print all or part of environment
env            run a program in a modified environment
locale         get locale-specific information
localedef      compile locale definition files

Numbers / Math

qalc           powerful and easy to use command line calculator
bc             an arbitrary precision calculator language
dc             an arbitrary precision calculator
calc           arbitrary precision calculator
units          convert units from one scale to another
seq            print a sequence of numbers
jot            print sequential or random data
factor         factor numbers
primes         generate primes
sc             spreadsheet calculator

Date / Time

date           print or set the system date and time
cal            displays a calendar and the date of easter
gcal           a program for calculating and printing calendars
task           a command line todo manager

Pdf

mutool         all purpose tool for dealing with pdf files
pdffonts       pdf font analyzer
pdfimages      pdf image extractor
pdfinfo        pdf document information extractor
pdfseparate    pdf page extractor
pdftocairo     pdf to png/jpeg/pdf/ps/eps/svg using cairo
pdftohtml      program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png
pdftoppm       pdf to portable pixmap (ppm) converter
pdftops        pdf to postscript converter
pdftotext      pdf to text converter
pdfunite       pdf page merger
diffpdf        compare two pdf files textually or visually
chm2pdf        a tool convert chm to pdf format

Terminal

screen         screen manager with vt100/ansi terminal emulation
byobu          wrapper script for seeding a configuration to screen
tmux           terminal multiplexer
script         make typescript of terminal session
scriptreplay   play back typescripts, using timing information
clear          clear the screen
reset          terminal initialization
tty            display the name of the terminal connected to stdin
stty           change and print terminal line settings
tabs           set terminal tabs
setterm        set terminal attributes
tput           change terminal characteristics
tic            the terminfo entry-description compiler
toe            table of (terminfo) entries
infocmp        compare or print out terminfo descriptions
captoinfo      convert a termcap description into terminfo description
infotocap      convert a terminfo description into termcap description

Other

echo           display a line of text
printf         format and print data
figlet         display text with an ascii art charset
toilet         display large colourful characters
getopt         parse command options
expect         automate applications accessed over a terminal
expr           evaluate expressions
yes            output a string repeatedly until killed
true           do nothing, successfully
false          do nothing, unsuccessfully
convert        convert/resize/blur/crop/despeckle/dither/etc image
mogrify        inplace convert/edit/resize/blur/crop/etc an image
exif           shows exif information in jpeg files
exiftool       read and write meta information in media files
exiftran       transform/rotate digital camera jpeg images
exifcom        set/display user comment tag contained in a jpeg exif
exiftags       output the properties contained in a jpeg exif section
exiftime       display/adjust the date and time exif tags
exifprobe      probe and report exif structure and metadata content
exifgrep       select and reformat the output of exifprobe
simple-scan    scanning utility
gocr           command line text recognition tool
tesseract      command-line ocr engine
sox            the swiss army knife of audio manipulation
quelcom        command line editing tools for mp3 and wav files
fadecut        rip audiostreams, cut, fade in/out and tag audiofiles
id3            id3 tag editor
id3v2          add/change/remove/view id3v2 tags, converts/lists id3v1
id3tool        a command line editor for id3 tags
cmus           curse music player
ncmpc          curses music player daemon (mpd) client
timidity       midi-to-wave converter and player
imdb-get       looks up imdb data for a film
mplayer        video/audio player/streamer
vlc            video lan client, a media player/streamer/transcoder
ffmpeg         ffmpeg video converter
ifetch         image collection tool for ip cameras of ifetch-tools
tudu           command line hierarchical todo list
google         command-line access to (some) google services
youtube-dl     download video from youtube or other video platforms
rig            random identity generator
an             anagram generator
adventure      an exploration game
nethack        exploring the mazes of menace
fortune        print a random, hopefully interesting, adage
display-dhammapada  display a verse from the dhammapada

X Windows

xvidtune       adjust x server origin and size
xmodmap        set/modify keymaps and pointer button mappings in x
setxkbmap      set the keyboard using the x keyboard extension
xhost          server access control program for x
xsetroot       root window parameter setting utility for x
xlsfonts       server font list displayer for x
xset           user preference utility for x
xev            x event viewer
editres        a dynamic resource editor for x toolkit applications
notify-send    a program to send desktop notifications
xdg-open       opens a file or url in the user preferred application
xmessage       display a message/query in a window (x-based /bin/echo)
dialog         display curses dialog boxes from shell scripts
kdialog        show kde dialog boxes from shell scripts
zenity         display gtk+ dialogs
xclip          command line interface to x selections (clipboard)
xclipboard     x clipboard client
xdotool        command-line x11 automation tool
xte            generates fake input using the xtest extension
wmctrl         interact with a ewmh/netwm compatible x window manager
import         window/screenshot
dbus-send      send a message to a desktop bus
dbus-monitor   debug probe to print desktop bus messages
qdbus          a communication-interface for qt-based applications

Funny

axe            tools to improve network performance via snip
baby           create new process from two parents
bosskill       send a signal to your boss, or terminate your boss
c              genericised softdrink generator (coffee, coke etc)
celibacy       don't have sex
chainsaw       tools to improve network performance via snip
chastise       library function to punish users
condom         protects against viruses and child processes
ctluser        control lusers
cutter         tools to improve network performance via snip
egrope         massage a file for a while
fgrope         massage a file for a while
flame          reply to usenet news posting automatically
flog           speed up a process
gong           evaluate process performance
grope          massage a file for a while
guru           system administration
knife          tools to improve network performance via snip
lart           luser attitude readjustment tool
luser          process to control the clueless individuals
normality      defines types of normality different users may have
nuke           launch nuclear weapons at mapped usenet sites
party          set os responses mode
people         fetch a list of all ttys behaving like a human
pmsd           periodically manic system daemon
rescrog        change something, make it different
rtfm           a response for easy questions from clueless lusers
sex            have sex
slave          a semi-interactive command for the dirty work
strfry         string operation
sysadmin       responsible  for everything imaginable
think          you dont have to think, computers can think for you
tm             meditate
uubp           unix-to-unix beer protocol
whack          mangle requests to a printer or damage a printer
xkill          kill processes or users, including usenet poster
xlart          interactive x interface to rlart

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