MeshLink is an open source technology stack that enables ad hoc mobile hotspot management through an entirely decentralized, end-to-end approach. Built on proven technologies like OpenWRT, React, and industry-standard networking tools, MeshLink empowers individuals to easily share their internet connectivity while maintaining complete autonomy over pricing, access policies, and service offerings. The platform provides a sophisticated captive portal system, automated bandwidth management, and comprehensive analytics - all running locally on affordable hardware like Raspberry Pi.
Unlike governed network protocols that impose token requirements, validation processes, or revenue sharing mandates, MeshLink operates entirely at the edge with complete operator sovereignty. There are no protocol fees, no required staking, no consensus mechanisms, and no external validation requirements. Operators keep 100% of their revenue and make all decisions about pricing, access policies, and service offerings independently.
Key Features:
- Open Source Technology Stack
- Local Data Control and Privacy
- Flexible Pricing Models
- Zero External Dependencies
- Complete Operator Autonomy
- Introduction
- Technical Architecture
- Network Topology
- Implementation Stack
- Economic Model
- Node Operation
- Client Experience
- Security & Privacy
- Deployment Guide
- Future Roadmap
WiFi hotspot management has traditionally required expensive commercial solutions or significant technical expertise. MeshLink addresses these challenges by providing a complete open source technology stack that enables anyone to deploy professional-grade hotspot services with sophisticated billing, access control, and user management capabilities.
- Technical Complexity: Setting up WiFi hotspots with proper billing and access control requires significant technical expertise
- Software Costs: Commercial hotspot solutions are expensive and often require ongoing licensing fees
- Protocol Overhead: Many network solutions impose token requirements, staking mechanisms, and revenue sharing that reduce operator profits
- Centralized Validation: Existing protocols require external consensus or validation processes that operators cannot control
- Limited Autonomy: Governed networks restrict pricing flexibility and impose uniform policies across all operators
MeshLink provides an open source technology stack that enables anyone to:
- Deploy professional-grade WiFi hotspots using affordable hardware
- Operate with complete financial independence - no token purchases, staking requirements, or revenue sharing
- Set dynamic pricing and service policies without external approval or consensus mechanisms
- Process payments directly without protocol intermediaries taking transaction fees
- Maintain full data sovereignty with local storage and zero external reporting requirements
The MeshLink protocol consists of four primary components:
- Captive Portal: Web-based interface for user onboarding
- Network Manager: Bandwidth allocation and traffic control
- Payment Processor: Cryptocurrency and fiat payment handling
- Analytics Dashboard: Real-time monitoring and management
- Stripe Integration: Credit card processing via Stripe Express Checkout
- Smart Contract Integration: Ethereum-based payments using MeshLink tokens
- Alternative Contract Support: Operators can deploy custom smart contracts
- Free Tier Access: Device fingerprinting for session management
- Direct Revenue Flow: 100% of payments go directly to operators with zero protocol fees
- Raspberry Pi 5: Primary node hardware platform
- OpenWRT: Lightweight Linux distribution for networking
- WiFi Adapters: High-gain antennas for extended coverage
- Cellular Modems: Backup connectivity options
Frontend: React + TypeScript + TailwindCSS
Backend: Node.js + Express + SQLite
Networking: OpenWRT + SQM QoS + iptables
Hardware: Raspberry Pi 5 + OpenWRT
Payment: Stripe Express + Ethereum Smart Contracts
Blockchain: MeshLink Token + Custom Contract Support
┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
│ Client Apps │ │ Web Dashboard │ │ Mobile Wallet │
└─────────┬───────┘ └─────────┬───────┘ └─────────┬───────┘
│ │ │
└──────────────────────┼──────────────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
│ Captive Portal │
│ (React Frontend) │
└─────────────┬─────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
│ API Gateway │
│ (Express Backend) │
└─────────────┬─────────────┘
│
┌───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┐
│ │ │
┌─────────┴─────────┐ ┌─────────┴─────────┐ ┌─────────┴─────────┐
│ Network Manager │ │ Payment Processor │ │ Analytics Engine │
│ (Traffic Control) │ │ (Stripe + Crypto) │ │ (Session Tracking)│
└─────────┬─────────┘ └─────────┬─────────┘ └─────────┬─────────┘
│ │ │
└───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
│ Storage Layer │
│ (SQLite + Memory) │
└─────────────┬─────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
│ Hardware Interface │
│ (OpenWRT + iptables + │
│ SQM QoS + WiFi) │
└───────────────────────────┘
Internet
│
┌──────┴──────┐
│ Gateway │
│ Node │
└──────┬──────┘
│
┌──────┴──────┐
│ Mesh │ ◄──► Cellular Backup
│ Network │
└──────┬──────┘
│
┌───────┼───────┐
│ │ │
┌──▼──┐ ┌──▼──┐ ┌──▼──┐
│Node │ │Node │ │Node │
│ A │ │ B │ │ C │
└─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘
│ │ │
┌──▼──┐ ┌──▼──┐ ┌──▼──┐
│WiFi │ │WiFi │ │WiFi │
│Users│ │Users│ │Users│
└─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘
- Speed: 1 Mbps download / 500 Kbps upload
- Data Limit: 500 MB per 24-hour period
- Features: Basic web browsing, messaging
- Access: Unlimited time within data allowance
- Speed: 50 Mbps download / 10 Mbps upload
- Data Limit: 5 GB per week
- Features: Video streaming, file downloads
- Cost: $2.99 USD or 50 MESH tokens
- Speed: 100 Mbps download / 50 Mbps upload
- Data Limit: Unlimited
- Features: Full bandwidth access
- Cost: $9.99 USD or 150 MESH tokens
The captive portal serves as the primary user interface for network access:
// React-based portal with TypeScript
interface CaptivePortal {
tierSelection: ServiceTier[];
paymentMethods: PaymentProvider[];
userAuthentication: AuthMethod[];
networkStatus: ConnectionStatus;
}
// Service tier configuration
interface ServiceTier {
id: string;
name: string;
description: string;
dataLimitMB: number;
speedMbps: number;
price: number;
duration: number;
features: string[];
}// Express.js API endpoints
app.post('/api/complete-payment', async (req, res) => {
const { tierId, userIdentifier, paymentMethod } = req.body;
// Assign client to bandwidth tier
await networkManager.assignClientToTier(
clientIP, sessionGuid, tierId, expiryDate, clientMAC
);
// Update access session
const session = await storage.createAccessSession({
sessionGuid, userIdentifier, tierId,
paymentMethod, startDate, expiryDate
});
});# OpenWRT SQM Configuration
uci set sqm.free_queue=queue
uci set sqm.free_queue.interface='br-lan'
uci set sqm.free_queue.download='1000' # 1 Mbps
uci set sqm.free_queue.upload='500' # 500 Kbps
# iptables traffic marking
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING \
-m set --match-set free_clients src \
-j MARK --set-mark 10// Network manager assigns clients to tiers
class NetworkManager {
async assignClientToTier(
clientIP: string,
sessionGuid: string,
tierId: string,
expiryDate: Date,
clientMAC?: string
): Promise<void> {
// Create ipset for tier classification
await this.createIpSet(`${tierId}_clients`);
// Add client to appropriate bandwidth class
await execAsync(`ipset add ${tierId}_clients ${clientIP}`);
// Apply traffic shaping rules
await this.applyTrafficControl(clientInfo);
}
}- Fiat Currency: Stripe Express Checkout
- Cryptocurrency: Ethereum/Optimism wallets
- Free Access: Device fingerprinting for session management
┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
│ User Wallet │ │ MeshLink Token │ │ Custom Contract │
└─────────┬───────┘ └─────────┬───────┘ └─────────┬───────┘
│ │ │
└──────────────────────┼──────────────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
│ Smart Contract │
│ Payment Processor │
└─────────────┬─────────────┘
│
┌─────────────┴─────────────┐
│ Direct Transfer to │
│ Operator Wallet │
│ (100% Revenue) │
└───────────────────────────┘
Fiat Payments:
- User selects service tier → Stripe checkout → Operator receives payment
MeshLink Token Payments:
- User connects wallet → Smart contract transfer → Operator receives tokens
Custom Contract Payments:
- Operator deploys custom contract → User interacts with custom logic → Operator receives proceeds
MeshLink introduces a fundamentally different approach to protocol economics. Rather than extracting value through transaction fees, revenue sharing, or mandatory token mechanics, MeshLink creates value by providing superior technology that operators choose to adopt. This section outlines how MeshLink builds a sustainable business model while ensuring operators retain 100% of their revenue.
Traditional protocols often employ extractive economics:
- Transaction Fees: Taking a percentage of every payment
- Staking Requirements: Forcing capital lockup to participate
- Revenue Sharing: Redistributing operator earnings to token holders
- Governance Overhead: Requiring participation in consensus mechanisms
MeshLink creates value through:
- Software Excellence: Building tools that operators genuinely want to use
- Ecosystem Growth: Increasing demand for MeshLink token through utility, not coercion
- Technology Innovation: Continuous improvement of the open source stack
- Community Building: Supporting operators with documentation, support, and resources
The upcoming MeshLink token and smart contract system maintains the zero-rake principle:
- Default Contract: MeshLink provides a standard smart contract for convenience
- Direct Transfers: All payments flow directly to operator wallets
- Custom Alternatives: Operators can deploy their own smart contracts
- No Protocol Fees: MeshLink collects zero transaction fees regardless of payment method
Node operators receive 100% of user payments with zero protocol fees:
- Multi-Modal Payments: Fiat via Stripe, cryptocurrency via MeshLink tokens, or custom smart contracts
- Zero Transaction Rake: MeshLink takes no percentage of operator revenue
- Smart Contract Flexibility: Use default MeshLink contracts or deploy custom alternatives
- Complete Revenue Control: Operators collect payments directly without intermediaries
Unlike governed protocols that require participation in consensus mechanisms:
- No Staking Requirements: Operators start earning immediately without capital lockup
- No Validation Duties: No obligation to validate other operators' transactions
- No Protocol Governance: Operators focus on local service delivery, not network-wide decisions
- Zero-Rake Economics: MeshLink increases token utility through compelling software features, not transaction fees
- Optional Token Integration: Operators can choose MeshLink tokens, custom contracts, or fiat payments
- Value Through Utility: Token demand driven by software quality and ecosystem growth, not forced adoption
- Contract Flexibility: Deploy to alternative smart contracts while maintaining full revenue control
Traditional ISP: $50-100/month for unlimited
MeshLink Premium: $2.99/week for 5GB
MeshLink Unlimited: $9.99/month for unlimited
MeshLink Free: $0 for basic access
- Supply/Demand: Automatic price adjustments based on network load
- Geographic Pricing: Local market rate optimization
- Time-Based Pricing: Peak/off-peak rate variations
- SBC: Raspberry Pi 5 (8GB RAM recommended)
- Storage: 64GB microSD card (Class 10)
- Network: Gigabit Ethernet + WiFi 6
- Power: 5V/3A USB-C power supply
- Enclosure: Weatherproof case for outdoor deployment
- High-Gain WiFi: External antennas for extended range
- Cellular Backup: 4G/5G modem for redundancy
- UPS: Battery backup for power outages
- Cooling: Active cooling for high-traffic nodes
# Flash OpenWRT to Raspberry Pi
dd if=openwrt-rpi5.img of=/dev/sdX bs=4M
# Install required packages
opkg update
opkg install node npm sqm-scripts ipset hostapd# Clone MeshLink software
git clone https://github.com/meshlink/node-software
cd node-software
# Install dependencies
npm install --production
# Configure node settings
cp config/default.json config/local.json
# Edit local.json with node-specific settings
# Start MeshLink services
npm run start# Configure wireless access point
uci set wireless.default_radio0.ssid='MeshLink_Free'
uci set wireless.default_radio0.encryption='none'
uci set wireless.default_radio0.mode='ap'
uci commit wireless
wifi reload# Configure DNS redirection
uci set dhcp.@dnsmasq[0].address='/#/192.168.1.1'
uci set dhcp.@dnsmasq[0].rebind_protection='0'
uci commit dhcp
/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart- Device Discovery: Client detects MeshLink_Free network
- Portal Redirect: Automatic captive portal activation
- Service Selection: Choose from free or premium tiers
- Payment Processing: Complete payment if required
- Network Access: Immediate internet connectivity
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ MeshLink Portal │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │
│ │FREE │ │PREM │ │UNLI │ │
│ │500MB│ │ 5GB │ │ ∞GB │ │
│ │ $0 │ │$2.99│ │$9.99│ │
│ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 💳 Pay with Card 🪙 Pay with │
│ Crypto │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ✅ Connect for Free │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘
- Device Fingerprinting: Unique identification for free tier limits
- Session Tracking: Real-time data usage monitoring
- Automatic Expiry: Graceful session termination
- Reconnection: Seamless re-authentication for returning users
Free Tier QoS Rules:
├── Bandwidth: 1 Mbps down / 500 Kbps up
├── Data Limit: 500 MB per 24 hours
├── Protocol: HTTP/HTTPS priority
└── Restrictions: P2P blocked, streaming limited
Premium Tier QoS Rules:
├── Bandwidth: 50 Mbps down / 10 Mbps up
├── Data Limit: 5 GB per week
├── Protocol: All protocols allowed
└── Features: Video streaming, file downloads
- No Personal Data Collection: Anonymous device identification
- Local Data Storage: Session data stored locally on nodes
- Encrypted Communications: End-to-end encryption for all transactions
- GDPR Compliance: European privacy regulation adherence
Security Layer Implementation:
├── WPA3 Encryption (Premium Users)
├── Open WiFi with HTTPS Enforcement (Free Users)
├── DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) Support
├── VPN-Friendly Configuration
└── DPI Prevention Measures
# Firewall configuration
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # SSH
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # HTTP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # HTTPS
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
# SSH security
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i 's/#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config- Automatic Security Updates: Critical patches applied automatically
- Staged Rollouts: Gradual deployment of major updates
- Rollback Capability: Quick recovery from failed updates
- Community Validation: Open-source security review process
Required Components:
├── Raspberry Pi 5 (8GB)
├── 64GB microSD Card (SanDisk Extreme)
├── USB-C Power Supply (5V/3A)
├── Ethernet Cable
├── HDMI Cable (for initial setup)
├── External WiFi Adapter (optional)
└── Weatherproof Enclosure
# Download OpenWRT image for Pi 5
wget https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/23.05.0/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/openwrt-23.05.0-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-ext4-factory.img.gz
# Flash to SD card
gunzip -c openwrt-*.img.gz | dd of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress
# First boot configuration
# Connect via Ethernet and SSH to 192.168.1.1
ssh [email protected]
# Set password and enable WiFi
passwd
uci set system.@system[0].hostname='meshlink-node'
uci commit system# Update package lists
opkg update
# Install Node.js and npm
opkg install node npm git
# Install networking tools
opkg install sqm-scripts ipset iptables-mod-ipset
opkg install hostapd wpad-openssl dnsmasq-full
# Install system monitoring
opkg install htop iftop# Create application directory
mkdir -p /opt/meshlink
cd /opt/meshlink
# Download MeshLink node software
# (In production, this would be from official repository)
wget https://releases.meshlink.network/node-v1.0.tar.gz
tar -xzf node-v1.0.tar.gz
# Install dependencies
npm install --production
# Create configuration
cp config/meshlink-config.example.json config/meshlink-config.json
# Edit configuration file with local settings
# Create system service
cat > /etc/init.d/meshlink << 'EOF'
#!/bin/sh /etc/rc.common
START=99
STOP=10
start() {
cd /opt/meshlink
export NODE_ENV=production
nohup node server/index.js > /var/log/meshlink.log 2>&1 &
echo $! > /var/run/meshlink.pid
}
stop() {
if [ -f /var/run/meshlink.pid ]; then
kill $(cat /var/run/meshlink.pid)
rm /var/run/meshlink.pid
fi
}
EOF
chmod +x /etc/init.d/meshlink
/etc/init.d/meshlink enable# Configure WiFi interface
uci set wireless.radio0.country='US'
uci set wireless.radio0.channel='6'
uci set wireless.radio0.disabled='0'
# Create access point
uci set wireless.default_radio0.device='radio0'
uci set wireless.default_radio0.network='hotspot'
uci set wireless.default_radio0.mode='ap'
uci set wireless.default_radio0.ssid='MeshLink_Free'
uci set wireless.default_radio0.encryption='none'
uci set wireless.default_radio0.isolate='1'
# Configure hotspot network
uci set network.hotspot=interface
uci set network.hotspot.proto='static'
uci set network.hotspot.ipaddr='10.10.10.1'
uci set network.hotspot.netmask='255.255.255.0'
uci commit wireless
uci commit network
wifi reload# Create bandwidth management script
cat > /etc/firewall.meshlink << 'EOF'
#!/bin/sh
# Create ipsets for client classification
ipset create free_clients hash:ip -exist
ipset create premium_clients hash:ip -exist
ipset create unlimited_clients hash:ip -exist
# Mark packets based on client tier
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m set --match-set free_clients src -j MARK --set-mark 10
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m set --match-set premium_clients src -j MARK --set-mark 20
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m set --match-set unlimited_clients src -j MARK --set-mark 30
# Traffic control configuration
tc qdisc add dev br-lan root handle 1: htb default 30
# Free tier: 1 Mbps
tc class add dev br-lan parent 1: classid 1:10 htb rate 1000kbit ceil 1000kbit
tc filter add dev br-lan protocol ip parent 1: prio 1 handle 10 fw flowid 1:10
# Premium tier: 50 Mbps
tc class add dev br-lan parent 1: classid 1:20 htb rate 50000kbit ceil 50000kbit
tc filter add dev br-lan protocol ip parent 1: prio 2 handle 20 fw flowid 1:20
# Unlimited tier: 100 Mbps
tc class add dev br-lan parent 1: classid 1:30 htb rate 100000kbit ceil 100000kbit
tc filter add dev br-lan protocol ip parent 1: prio 3 handle 30 fw flowid 1:30
EOF
chmod +x /etc/firewall.meshlink
# Add to firewall configuration
uci add firewall include
uci set firewall.@include[-1].path='/etc/firewall.meshlink'
uci set firewall.@include[-1].reload='1'
uci commit firewall# Create monitoring script
cat > /usr/bin/meshlink-monitor << 'EOF'
#!/bin/sh
# Check MeshLink service
if ! pgrep -f "node server/index.js" > /dev/null; then
echo "$(date): MeshLink service down, restarting..." >> /var/log/meshlink-monitor.log
/etc/init.d/meshlink restart
fi
# Check memory usage
MEM_USAGE=$(free | awk 'FNR==2{printf "%.0f", $3/($3+$4)*100}')
if [ $MEM_USAGE -gt 90 ]; then
echo "$(date): High memory usage: ${MEM_USAGE}%" >> /var/log/meshlink-monitor.log
fi
# Check disk space
DISK_USAGE=$(df / | awk 'FNR==2{print $5}' | sed 's/%//')
if [ $DISK_USAGE -gt 85 ]; then
echo "$(date): High disk usage: ${DISK_USAGE}%" >> /var/log/meshlink-monitor.log
fi
# Cleanup old logs
find /var/log -name "*.log" -mtime +7 -delete
EOF
chmod +x /usr/bin/meshlink-monitor
# Add to crontab
echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/meshlink-monitor" >> /etc/crontabs/root
/etc/init.d/cron restart# Configure SSH for remote access
uci set dropbear.@dropbear[0].Port='22'
uci set dropbear.@dropbear[0].RootPasswordAuth='off'
uci set dropbear.@dropbear[0].PasswordAuth='off'
uci commit dropbear
# Add SSH public key
mkdir -p /etc/dropbear
cat > /etc/dropbear/authorized_keys << 'EOF'
# Add operator's SSH public key here
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQAB... [email protected]
EOF- MeshLink Token Launch: Native token for streamlined cryptocurrency payments
- Default Contract Deployment: Standard smart contract for token-based transactions
- Custom Contract Support: Framework for operators to deploy alternative payment contracts
- Multi-Chain Support: Expansion beyond Ethereum to other blockchain networks
- Advanced QoS: Dynamic bandwidth allocation based on demand
- Mesh Routing: Automatic node discovery and traffic routing
- Mobile Apps: Native iOS and Android applications
- Enhanced Security: Zero-knowledge authentication system
- Multi-platform Support: Support for other SBC platforms
- Cellular Integration: 4G/5G backhaul for remote locations
- Satellite Connectivity: Starlink integration for global coverage
- IoT Gateway: Support for IoT device connectivity
- Developer SDK: APIs for third-party applications
- Partner Program: Integration with hardware manufacturers
- Enterprise Solutions: Business-grade networking features
- Global Deployment: International expansion strategy
- AI-Powered Optimization: Machine learning for network performance
- Decentralized Identity: Self-sovereign identity integration
- Cross-chain Compatibility: Support for multiple blockchains
- Carbon Credits: Environmental impact tracking and rewards
- 1 Million Nodes: Worldwide network deployment
- 100 Million Users: Global user base achievement
- Rural Connectivity: Focus on underserved communities
- Emergency Communications: Disaster-resilient networking
- 6G Integration: Next-generation cellular technology
- Quantum Security: Post-quantum cryptographic protocols
- Autonomous Networks: Self-healing and self-optimizing mesh
- Universal Access: Internet as a human right implementation
MeshLink represents a fundamental shift toward truly decentralized hotspot management. By providing a complete open source technology stack, we eliminate the barriers that have historically prevented individuals from deploying professional-grade internet sharing services. Unlike governed protocols that extract value through fees, tokens, or revenue sharing, MeshLink maximizes operator autonomy and profit retention.
The technical architecture outlined in this document demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale deployment using affordable hardware and proven networking technologies. Every component runs locally, ensuring operators maintain complete control over their infrastructure, data, and customer relationships.
Key Differentiators:
- Zero protocol fees or revenue sharing requirements
- No mandatory token purchases or staking mechanisms
- Complete pricing and policy autonomy for operators
- Local data sovereignty with no external reporting
- Direct customer relationships without intermediaries
Competitive Advantages:
- vs. Governed Protocols: No consensus participation, validation duties, or protocol governance overhead
- vs. Commercial Solutions: Open source eliminates licensing costs and vendor lock-in
- vs. Centralized Services: Operators retain 100% revenue and customer data ownership
- vs. DIY Approaches: Professional-grade features without technical complexity
MeshLink succeeds by focusing on what operators actually need: reliable technology, financial independence, and operational flexibility. Rather than creating another protocol that extracts value from participants, we provide tools that maximize value creation at the edge of the network.
The future of internet connectivity belongs to independent operators who understand their local markets and can respond quickly to customer needs. MeshLink provides the technology foundation to make this vision scalable and sustainable worldwide.
This white paper is a living document that will be updated as the MeshLink protocol evolves. Community feedback and contributions are welcome through our open-source development process.
Document Version: 1.0
Last Updated: June 2025
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Repository: https://github.com/meshlink/whitepaper
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