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Created December 12, 2017 17:46
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Keeping your OpenShift Container Platform HAproxy Highly Available with Keepalived
A typical OpenShift Container Platform deployment will have multiple master, app and infra nodes for high availability. In this case, there is no single point of failure for the cluster, unless you have a single HAproxy server configured. The following article will discuss how to configure keepalived for maximum uptime for HAproxy. In the vsphere on OCP reference architecture, [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/reference_architectures/2017/html/deploying_a_red_hat_openshift_container_platform_3_on_vmware_vcenter_6/] two HAproxy virtual machines are configured and the ansible playbooks set up keepalived using a virtual IP address for Virtual Router Rendundancy Protocol or VRRP.
This article will discuss the entire process of adding another haproxy server and configuring them both for high availability with keepalived. Keepalived is routing software written in C. In this configuration there will be a backup and master node. In the event of a failure, the master fails over to the backup. For more information regarding keepalived: http://www.keepalived.org/
HAproxy Load Balancer Ports
The load balancers will distribute traffic accross two different groups. The HAproxy port configuration is shown below:
* masters - port 8443 for web console
```
frontend main *:8443
default_backend mgmt8443
backend mgmt8443
balance source
mode tcp
server master-0.example.com master-0.example.com:8443 check
```
* infra nodes - ports 80, 443 for the routers.
```
frontend main *:80
default_backend router80
backend router80
balance source
mode tcp
server infra-0.vcenter.e2e.bos.redhat.com infra-0.vcenter.e2e.bos.redhat.com:80 check
frontend main *:443
default_backend router443
backend router443
balance source
mode tcp
server infra-0.vcenter.e2e.bos.redhat.com infra-0.vcenter.e2e.bos.redhat.com:443 check
```
INSERT GRAPHIC HERE - Show load balancing of ports on single haproxy
This article assumes a base configuration matching the one depicted in the graphic above. The bottom of the article has completed configuration files that can be modified to suit any environment.
Preparing the HAproxy servers for Keepalived
The following steps should be run on both haproxy servers for a highly available haproxy configuration:
1. Install keepalived and psmisc
NOTE: psmisc provides killall for the haproxy check for vrrp
```
[root@haproxy-1 ~]# yum install -y keepalived psmisc
```
2. Determine the interface for use with the services:
```
[root@haproxy-0 ~]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:a5:54 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
```
3. Allow all connections from the interface for traffic use. The IP addresses below should be interfaces for HAproxy:
```
iptables -A INPUT -s 10.19.114.227 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 10.19.114.228 -j ACCEPT
```
4. Determine the IP address to be used for the floating IP address for the load balancers:
5. Generate a random external password
```
[root@haproxy-0 ~]# uuidgen
1cee4b6e-2cdc-48bf-83b2-01a96d1593e4
```
6. Configure keepalived
7. Start and enable the services:
```
[root@haproxy-0 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived; systemctl start keepalived
```
Keepalived Configuration
The master configuration will be discussed below:
```
global_defs {
router_id ovp_vrrp
}
vrrp_script haproxy_check {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance OCP_EXT {
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
state MASTER
virtual_ipaddress {
10.19.114.231 dev ens192
}
track_script {
haproxy_check
}
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1cee4b6e-2cdc-48bf-83b2-01a96d1593e4
}
}
```
The important parts of the configuration file are:
1. The state MASTER section - this denotes it is the primary haproxy server
2. The priority line - In the event that a master server has to be elected, the highest priority wins.
3. The virtual_ipaddress section - this is the IP address to be used for the floating VIP and the local device to bind to: 10.x.x.231 and ens192
A comparison of the 2 files shows:
```
[root@haproxy-1 ~]# diff backup-keepalived.conf master-keepalived.conf
16,17c16,17
< priority 98
< state BACKUP
---
> priority 100
> state MASTER
```
The only difference in the two configurations is the assignment of the master and the priorities.
The new layout is depicted in the image below:
INSERT GRAPHIC HERE - Show load balancing of ports with TWO haproxy show floating VIP
Verifying functionality and simulating a failure
After a successful deployment and install the haproxy nodes will be deploying traffic via haproxy and the VRRP vip will be deployed on that host as well:
```
[root@haproxy-1 ~]# ss -tlpn | grep haproxy
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("haproxy",pid=2606,fd=7))
LISTEN 0 128 *:8443 *:* users:(("haproxy",pid=2606,fd=9))
LISTEN 0 128 *:443 *:* users:(("haproxy",pid=2606,fd=8))
LISTEN 0 128 *:9000 *:* users:(("haproxy",pid=2606,fd=5))
[root@haproxy-1 ~]# ip addr show dev ens192
2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:18:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.19.114.227/23 brd 10.19.115.255 scope global ens192
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 10.19.114.231/32 scope global ens192
[root@haproxy-1 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf | grep MASTER
state MASTER
```
Note that in this deployment that haproxy-1 is the master. Haproxy-1 has just been patched and needs to be rebooted. Below is a ping on the virtual IP address:
```
dav1x-m:~ dphillip$ ping haproxy.example.com
PING haproxy.example.com (10.19.114.231): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=0 ttl=54 time=120.903 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=119.683 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=119.945 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=119.907 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=120.771 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=5 ttl=54 time=119.627 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=6 ttl=54 time=119.696 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=7 ttl=54 time=120.184 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=8 ttl=54 time=119.258 ms
Request timeout for icmp_seq 9
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=10 ttl=54 time=121.358 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=11 ttl=54 time=120.285 ms
64 bytes from 10.19.114.231: icmp_seq=12 ttl=54 time=119.652 ms
```
The single blip in the ping shows the node failover. Now, haproxy-0 has been elected master until the haproxy-1 is back online:
```
[root@haproxy-0 ~]# ip addr show dev ens192
2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:a5:18:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.19.114.227/23 brd 10.19.115.255 scope global ens192
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 10.19.114.231/32 scope global ens192
```
Accompanying OCP Installation Vars
To start a fresh OCP deployment installation variables need to be set to inform OpenShift to use the load balancer VIP:
```
wildcard_zone: apps.example.com
osm_default_subdomain: "{{ wildcard_zone }}"
openshift_master_default_subdomain: "{{osm_default_subdomain}}"
deployment_type: openshift-enterprise
load_balancer_hostname: haproxy.example.com
openshift_master_cluster_hostname: "{{ load_balancer_hostname }}"
openshift_master_cluster_public_hostname: "{{ load_balancer_hostname }}"
```
In the event of a migration to keepalived from a single HAproxy make sure to change the DNS including wildcard to put to the new VIP that was created above.
Conclusion
This article has discussed the installation and configuration of HAproxy and keepalived to keep OpenShift Container Platform's service online and highly available in the event of a load balancer failure. This configuration coupled with OCP's HA features provide maximum uptime for containers and microservices in your production environment.
Complete Configuration Files
haproxy.cfg
https://blog.openshift.com/wp-content/uploads/haproxy.txt
master-keepalived.conf
https://blog.openshift.com/wp-content/uploads/master-keepalived.txt
backup-keepalived.conf
https://blog.openshift.com/wp-content/uploads/backup-keepalived.txt
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