In my test, this did work fine in conditionally overriding what Genesis Simple Edits was doing.

Example of Post Info filtering in Genesis

add_filter( 'genesis_post_info', 'dc_post_info_filter', 20 );
function dc_post_info_filter($post_info) {
	if ( is_home() ) {
		$var = do_shortcode('[post_comments zero="No Comments" one="1 Comment" more="% Comments"]');
	}

	return $post_info;
}