- Correlation is not causation (???)
- No causation without manipulation. (Holland)
- All models are wrong, some are useful. (Box)
- Statistics is the science of uncertainty. (arguably Tukey)
- Statistics is the science of learning from experience, especially experience that arrives a little bit at a time. (Efron)
- Empirically observed covariation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for causality. (Tufte)
- Correlation is not causation but it sure is a hint. (Tufte)
- In a causal model, correlation implies causation (somewhere). (Paul F Christiano)
- Reality is the ultimate judge of any theory (???)
- The Folk Theorem of Statistical Computing: When you have computational problems, often there’s a problem with your model. (Gelman)
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
#We define some function f(x,y) which is the baseline truth. Neither agents nor the regulator have access to this. | |
Build_True_fx = function(degrees){ | |
#we need a polynomial function where the coefficients are random. | |
num_terms = ((degrees+2)^2-degrees-2) / 2 #I need this many; sum(1..[degrees+1]). See below. | |
# deg=0: 1 - c, deg=1: 3 - x, y + terms from deg=0, etc. | |
coeffs = rnorm(num_terms) | |
print(coeffs) |
This file has been truncated, but you can view the full file.
This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.
Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters
make/models:13: target 'examples\bernoulli\bernoulli' doesn't match the target pattern | |
--- Linking C++ model --- | |
g++ -Wall -I . -isystem stan/lib/stan_math/lib/eigen_3.3.3 -isystem stan/lib/stan_math/lib/boost_1.66.0 -isystem stan/lib/stan_math/lib/sundials_3.1.0/include -std=c++1y -DBOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1 -DBOOST_NO_DECLTYPE -DBOOST_DISABLE_ASSERTS -DBOOST_PHOENIX_NO_VARIADIC_EXPRESSION -Wno-unused-function -Wno-uninitialized -I src -isystem stan/src -isystem stan/lib/stan_math/ -DFUSION_MAX_VECTOR_SIZE=12 -Wno-unused-local-typedefs -DEIGEN_NO_DEBUG -m64 -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -DNO_FPRINTF_OUTPUT -pipe src/cmdstan/main.cpp -O3 -o examples\bernoulli\bernoulli -include stan/lib/stan_math/lib/sundials_3.1.0/lib/libsundials_nvecserial.a stan/lib/stan_math/lib/sundials_3.1.0/lib/libsundials_cvodes.a stan/lib/stan_math/lib/sundials_3.1.0/lib/libsundials_idas.a | |
In file included from <command-line>:0:0: | |
./stan/lib/stan_math/lib/sundials_3.1.0/lib/libsundials_nvecserial.a:2:59: error: stray '`' in progra |