Created
February 10, 2015 23:32
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You've a lot unused kernels. Remove all but the last kernels with: | |
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-{3.0.0-12,2.6.3{1-21,2-25,8-{1[012],8}}} | |
This is shorthand for: | |
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.0.0-12 linux-image-2.6.31-21 linux-image-2.6.32-25 linux-image-2.6.38-10 linux-image-2.6.38-11 linux-image-2.6.38-12 linux-image-2.6.38-8 | |
Removing the linux-image-x.x.x-x package will also remove linux-image-x.x.x-x-generic. | |
The headers are installed into /usr/src and are used when building out-tree kernel modules (like the proprietary nvidia driver and virtualbox). Most users should remove these header packages if the matching kernel package (linux-image-*) is not installed. | |
To list all installed kernels, run: | |
dpkg -l linux-image-\* | grep ^ii | |
One command to show all kernels and headers that can be removed, excluding the current running kernel: | |
kernelver=$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//') | |
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve $kernelver | |
It selects all packages named starting with linux-headers-<some number> or linux-image-<some number>, prints the package names for installed packages and then excludes the current loaded/running kernel (not necessarily the latest kernel!). This fits in the recommendation of testing a newer kernel before removing older, known-to-work kernels. | |
So, after upgrading kernels and rebooting to test it, you can remove all other kernels with: | |
sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve "$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')") |
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