My Vagrant Ubuntu VM just died while running a memory intensive command.
Its output just says "Killed".
vim /var/log/syslog
confirms that the machine ran out swap and the process was killed.
free -m
shows we have 768M (or so) swap space.
sudo swapon -s
shows that we have a single swap partition at /dev/mapper/precise64-swap_1
The steps to temporarily add an extra swap partition:
sudo fallocate -l 3G /swapfile
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
See http://askubuntu.com/a/238068 for more info